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0225FOREWORD The following codes and reference materials were reviewed and consulted in the preparation of this code: National Plumbing Code Handbook - Vincent T. Manas. McGraw-Hill Book Co.= Inc.~ New York, New York National Plumbing Code - Illustrated - Vincent T. Manas, Manas Publi- cations, 4513 Potomac Avenue, N. W., Washington~ 7 D.C. National Plumi>ing Code~ ASA A40.8-1955 - Sponsored by the American Public Health Association, American Society of Mechanical Engineers. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 29 West 39th Street~ New York 18~ New York Western Plumbing Officials Uniform Plumbing Code Western Plumbing Officials Association, P. O. Box 247, South Pasadena, California Southern Standard Building Code Southern Standard Building Code Congress~ Brown-Marx Building Birmingham, Alabama Listing Requirements for Relief Valves and Automatic Gas Shut-off Devices for Hot Water Supply Systems American Gas Association, 420 Lexington Ave., New York 17, New York Installation of Gas Appliances and Gas Pipim~ American Gas Association, 420 Lexington Ave~ue~ New York 17, New York Professional Plumbing Illustrated and Plumbing Mathematics Simplified - Arthur J. Smith Pro Mark Publications~ Santa Clara, California Metalbestos Gas Vent Tables and Handbook William Wallace Company, Belmont~ California Modern Gas Appliance Venting - Amerivent Division of American Metals Products Co., Inc. Los Angeles 22~ California Plumbing Code Primer - National Association of Plumbing Contractors, 1016 Twentieth Street, N. W., Washington 6~ D. C. Cross Connection Control Handbook - Febco, Inc., 1993 Blake Avenue= Los Angeles 30 California Caption CHAPTER 1 cHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 4 CHAPTER 5 CHAPTER 6 CHAPTER 7 CHAPTER 8 CHAPTER 9 CHAPTER 10 CHAPTER 11 CHAPTER 12 CHAPTER 13 CHAPTER 14 CHAPTER 15 CHAPTER 16 CHAPTER 17 CHAPTER 18 CHAPTER 19 CHAPTER 20 CHAPTER 21 CHAPTER 22 CHAPTER 23 CHAPTER 24 CHAPTER 25 CHAPTER 26 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1 Title Cited ............................................. 1 Intent and Purpose ...................................... Piping Affected by This Ordinance ...................... 1 2 Definitions ............................................. Licensing Requirements .................................. 16 16 Exempted Activity ....................................... Administration .......................................... 17 Plumbing Appeals and Advisory Board ..................... 18 Permits, Fees and Inspections ........................... 19 Bonding Provision ....................................... 23 General Regulations ..................................... 23 M~terials - Quality and Weight .......................... 26 Joints and Connections .................................. 32 Traps and Cleanouts ..................................... 34 Interceptors and Backwater Valves ....................... 36 Plumbing Fixtures ....................................... 38 Hangers and Supports .................................... 41 Indirect Waste Piping and Special Wastes ................ 42 Water Supply and Distribution ........................... 43 Drainage System .............. 4~ Vents and Venting ....................................... 53 Natural Gas Plumbing .................................... 68 Trailer Park Plumbing and Drainage Systems .............. 82 Individual Sewage Disposal System ....................... 88 Individual Water Supplies ............................... 9? 103 Penalty and Closing Provisions .......................... Miscellaneous Sketches .................................. 108 AN ORDINANCE AN ORDINANCE REPEALING ALL ORDINANCES, OR PARTS OF ORDINANCES, OR AMENDMENTS THERETO, THAT CONFLICT WITH THE TERMS OR CONDI- TIONS OF THIS ORDINANCE AND ENACTING IN LIEU THEREOF A NEW ORDINANCE, REGULATING PLUMBING WORK IN THE CITY OF TEXAS; DEFINING CERTAIN TERMS; PROVIDING FOR CERTAIN EXEMPTIONS: PROVIDING FOR THE ENFORCEMENT OF THIS ORDINANCE AND THE ISSUANCE OF PEP. MITS AND ESTABLISHING CERTAIN FEES; PROVIDING FOR SPECIFI- CATIONS, MATERIALS AND METHODS OF PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS; PROVID- ING PENALTIES FOR VIOLATION OF THIS ORDINANCE; PROVIDING A SEVER- ABILITY CLAUSE. Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of ~IIT~I~K~ CHAPTER 1 TITLE CITED 1.1 This ordinance shall,be known as the Plumbing Ordinance of the City of ~R~!IT~I ~R~ , and may be~ cited as such. It shall be unlawful for any person, association of persons, co-partnership or corporation to engage in the business of plumbing, or do or perform any plumb- ing as defined in this ordinance, without first having procured the necessary licenses and permits as hereinafter provided for, and all plumbing, plumbing work and workmanship and materials shall meet the requirements of this ordi- nance and shall pass all inspections required in this ordinance in regard to the work done. CHAPTER 2 INTENT AND PURPOSE 2.1 PURPOSE: For the protection and preservation of life and of the public health, safety, property and the general welfare of the people, the following provisions are enacted relating to the installation, alteration or repair of pipes, fittings, and fixtures for water: sewage and natural gas in all build- ings and structures and on all property now erected or to be erected, changed, constructed, reconstructed, ~apaired or altered zn the Czty of~i~IAK~, an outside the City of eQ~ITH[~K~, if same be connected to either the City water, gas or sewerage systems. The intent and purpose of this ordinance is to re- gulate the construction, erection, enlargement, alteration, maintenance or repair 0f all piping, fittings, fixtures, etc., used for the conduction of water, sewage and natural gas in or on and about any and all premises in the City of~U_~,-and outside ~he boundaries of the City of ~Q!;T~;~K~ , if same be connected to either the City water, gas or sewerage systems. CHAPTER 3 PIPING AFFECTED BY THIS ORDINANCE 3.1 EXTENT OF APPLICATION: This ordinance shall apply to all plumbing as herein -1- defined within the boundaries of the C~ty of O~i~ · Any plumbing out- s~de the boundaries of the C~ty of ]0~T~%~!~ , connecting to either the City water or sewerage systems shall meet all the requirements of this ordi- ~ance as to methods of installation and materials and shall be inspected by the City Plumbing Inspector. 3.2 EXCLUSION: This paragraph shall not apply t~ that work done by authorized employees of the City of ~0~%~[~=.in the layin~ of City water mains and services and City sewer mains and services nor to the installation of gas dis- tributing mains and services in the streets and alleys by authorized employees of any gas distributing company. CHAPTER 4 DEFINITIONS ACCEPTED STANDARDS: Accepted standards are the standards cited in this Ordi- nance, but may include additional standards approved by the Plumbing Appeal and Advisory Board with the concurrence of the Chief Plumbing Inspector. AIR GAP: An air gap in a water-supply system is the unobstructed vertical dis- tance through the free atmosphere between the lowest opening from any pipe or faucet supplying water to a tank, plumbing fixture~ or other device and the flood-level rim of the receptacle. AIR LOCK: A stoppage of liquid flow caused by the entrapment of air, as in a double trapped waste line. AIR MIXER: That portion of an injection (Bunsen) type burner into which the primary air is introduced. AIR SHUTTER: An adjustable device for varying the size of the primary air inlet or inlets. ANCHORS: See Supports. APPLIANCE - GAS: A gas appliance is any device which utilizes gas fuel to produce light, heat or power. APPLIANCE FLUE: The flue passages within the appliance. APPROVED: Approved means accepted or acceptable under an applicable specifi- cation or standard stated or cited in this Code. AUTOMATIC GAS SHUT-OFF VALVE: A device so constructed that the attainment of a temperature or pressure in the medium being heated in excess of some predeter- mined limit acts upon a chemical, metallic or diaphragm element in such a way as to cause the gas to the appliance to be shut off and remain off. AUTOMATIC IGNITION: Automatic ignition shall be interpreted as means which provide for ignition of gas at the burner when the gas burner valve control- ling the gas to that burner is turned on, and will effect re-ignition if the flames on the burner have been extinguished by means other than closing the gas burner valve. AUTOMATIC PILOT: Consists of an automatic pilot device and pilot burner secure- ]y assembled in fixed functional relationship. -2- AUTOMATIC PILOT DEVICE: A device employed with gas burning equipment which will automatically shut off the gas supply to the burner being served by either direct or indirect means when the pilot flame is extinguished. The pilot burn- er may or may not be constructed integrally with the device. AUTOMATIC PILOT~ COMPLETE SHUT-OFF TYPE: An automatic pilot for shutting off, _utomatically, the gas supply to the main burner and pilot in event of pilot or gas failure, and also for preventing the gas from being turned into the main burner unless the pilot is lighted. BACKFLOW: Backflow is the reverse flow (by gravity) of water in a water dis- tribution system. BACK SIPHONAGE: Back siphonage is the reverse flow (induced by siphonage) of used~ contaminated or polluted water into a potable water system See Backflow. BACKFLOW PREVENTER: A backflow preventer is a device or means to prevent back- flow into the potable water system. BATTERY OF FIXTURES: A battery of fixtures is any group of two or more similar adjacent fixtures which discharge into a common horizontal waste or soil branch. BAFFLE: An object placed in an appliance to change the direction of or retard the flow of air, air-gas mixtures, or flue gasses. BAPTISTRY: A part of a church, pool or tank used for baptismal services. DP~ASHER: A fixture used to wash bedpans, it may also provide steam or hot water for sterilization- Contents are flushed into soil waste. BOILER: A self-contained gas burning appliance for supplying hot water or low pressure steam, primarily intended for domestic and commercial space heating application. BOILER BLOW-OFF: A boiler blow-off is an outlet on a boiler to permit empty- ing or discharge of sediment. BRANCH: A branch is any part of the piping system other than a main, riser, or stack. BRANCH~ FIXTURE: See Fixture Branch. BRANCH, HORIZONTAL: See Horizontal Branch. BRANCH INTERVAL: A branch interval is a length of soil or waste stack corres- ponding in general to a story height~ but in no case less than 8 feet within which the horizontal branches from one floor or story of a building are connect- ed to the stack. BRANCH LINE - GAS: Gas piping which conveys gas from a supply line to the ap- pliance. BRANCH VENT: A branch vent is a vent connecting one or more individual vents with a vent stack or stack vent. BUILDING: A building is a structure built, erected, and framed of component structural parts designed for the housing, shelter, enclosure, or support of persons, animals or property of any kind. -3- BUILDING DRAIN: A building (house) drain is that part of the lowest piping of a drainage system which receives the discharge from soil~ waste, and other drain- age pipes inside the walls of the building and conveys it to the building (house) sewer beginning 3 feet outside the building wall. BUILDING SEWER: The building (house) sewer is that part of the horizontal pip- ing of a drainage system which extends from the end of the building drain and which receives the discharge of the building drain and conveys it to a public sewer, private sewer~ individual sewage-disposal system or other point of dis- posal. BUILDING TRAP: A boilding (house) trap is a device, fitting, or assembly of fittings installed in the building drain to prevent circulation of air between the drainage system of the building and the building sewer. ~,TU: Abbreviation for British Thermal Unit which is the quantity of heat re- quired to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit. BURNER: A device for the final conveyance of the gas, or a mixture of gas and air, to the combustion zone. CE~FfRAL HEATING GAS APPLIANCE: A vented gas-fired appliance comprising the following classes as defined herein: Boiler, Central Furnace, Floor Furnace, or Vented Recessed Heater. CHIMNEYS: Factory-Built Chimneys - Chimneys that are factory made, listed by a nationally recognized testing agency, for venting gas appliances, gas incinerators, and solid or liquid fuel burning appliances. B. Masonry Chimneys - Field constructed chimneys built in accordance with nationally recognized codes or standards. Co Metal Chimneys - Chimneys made of metal of adequate thickness, gal- vanized or painted unless suitably corrosion resistant, properly welded or riveted and built in accordance with nationally recognized codes or standards. CIRCUIT VENT: A circuit vent is a branch vent that serves two or more traps and extends from in front of the last fixture connection of a horizontal branch to the vent stack. CITY: Where the word "City" is used in this Code, it shall mean the City of ~D~TW~ , Texas~ and shall include the area within the corporate limits of the City and with respect to plumbings shall include outside the corporate limits that which is connected to the City water, gas or sewer system. CLOSED WATER PIPING SYSTE~: A system of water piping where a check valve or other device prevents the free return of water or steam to the water main. CLOTHES DRYER: A device used to dry wet laundry by means of heat derived from the combustion of fuel gas or electricity. -4- CODE: The ~ d "Code" when used alone shall mean these regulat~ms, subsequent amendments thereto, or any emergency rule or regulation which the Administrative Authority having jurisdiction may lawfully adopt. COMBINATION FIXTURE: A combination fixture is a fixture combining one sink and tray or a two-or three-compartment sink or tray in one unit. COMBINATION WASTE AND VENT SYSTEM: A combination waste and vent system is a specially designed system of waste piping embodying the horizontal wet venting of one or more sinks or floor drains by means of a common waste and vent pipe adequately sized to provide free movement of air above the flow line of the drain. COMBINED BUILDING SEWER: A combined building sewer receives storm water and sewage. COMBUSTION: Combustion, as used herein, is the rapid oxidation of fuel gases accompanied by the production of heat, or heat and light. COMBUSTION CHAMBER: The portion of an appliance within which combustion occurs. COMBUSTIBLE CONSTRUCTION: By combustible construction is meant a combustible wall or combustible surface constructed of wood= composition, or of wooden studding and lath and plaster. COMBUSTION PRODUCTS: Constituents resulting from the combustion of a fuel with the oxygen of the air, including the inerts but excluding excess air. COMMON VENT: A common vent is a vent connecting at the junction of 2 fixture drains and serving as a vent for both fixtures. CONCEALED GAS PIPING: Gas piping which, when in place in the finished building, will be hidden from view by the structure. CONDENSATE - (Condensation).: The liquid which separates from a gas (including flue gas) due to a reduction in temperature. CONSUMER'S GAS PIPING: All gas piping and fittings extending from the point of delivery to the outlets, exclusive of piping, meters, regulators, valves, fittings, etc. owned by the gas company. CONTINUOUS VENT: A continuous vent is a vertical vent that is a continuation of the drain to which it connects. CONTINUOUS WASTE: A continuous waste is a drain from two or three fixtures connected to a single trap. CRITICAL LEVEL: If a vacuum breaker or backflow preventer does not have the critical level point stamped on it by the manufacturer the bottom of the de- vice shall be the critical level. CROSS cONNECTION: A cross connection is a physical connection or other arrange- ment thru which a potable water system may be contaminated by BACK SIPHONAGE or BACKFLOW. Direct Cross Connection: A direct cross connection is a physical connection between a potable water system and water of unknown quality. -5- Indirect Cross Connection: An indirect cross connection is any arrange- ment, other than a direct cross connection, whereby an outlet of a potable water system may come in contact with water of unknown quality. DEAD END: A dead end is a branch leading from a soil, waste, or vent pipe, building drain, or building sewer, which is terminated at a developed distance of 2 feet of more by means of a plug or other closed fitting. D~4AND - GAS: The maximum amount of gas required per unit of time, usually expressed in cu. ft. per hr., or BTU per hr., required for the operation of the appliance or appliances supplied. DEVELOPED LENGTH: The developed length of a pipe is its length along the center line of the pipe and fittings. DIAMETER: Unless specifically stated, the term "Diameter" is the nominal dia~ meter as designated commercially. DIVERSITY FACTOR: Ratio of the maximum probable demand to the maximum possible demand. DOUBLE OFFSET: A double offset is two changes of direction installed in succes- sion or series in continuous pipe. DRAFT HOOD: A device built into an appliance, or made a part of the vent con- nector from an appliance, which is designed to (1) insure the ready escape of the products of combustion in the event of no draft, back draft, or stoppage beyond the draft hood; (2) prevent a back draft from entering the appliance; and (3) neutralize the effect of stack action of the vent upon the operation of the appliance. DRAIN: A drain is any pipe which carries waste water or waterborne wastes in a building drainage system. DRAINAGE PIPING: See Drainage System. DRAINAGE SYSTE}{: A drainage system (drainage piping) includes all the piping within public or private premises, which Conveys sewage, rain water, or other liquid wastes to a legal point of disposal, but does not include the mains of a public sewer system or private or public sewage-treatment or disposal plant. DUAL VENT: See Common Vent. DUCT FURNACE: A furnace normally installed in distribution ducts or air condi- tioning systems to supply warm air for heating. This definition shall apply only to an appliance which depends for air circulation on a blower not furnished as part of the furnace. DURHAM SYSTEM: Durham System is a term used to describe soil or waste systems where all piping is of threaded pipe, tubing, or other such rigid construction, using recessed drainage fittings to correspond to the types~of piping. EFFECTIVE OPENING: The effective opening is the minimum cross-sectional area at the point of water-sopply discharge~ measured or expressed in terms of (1) diameter of a circle~ (2) if the opening is not circular, the diameter of a circle of equivalent cross-sectional area. (This is applicable to air gap.) EXISTING wORK: Existing work is a plumbing system or any part thereof which has been installed prior to the effective date of this Code. EXPOSED PIPING: Piping which will be in view in the finished structure. FIRING VALVE: A valve of the plug and barrel type designed for use with gas, and equipped with a lever handle for manual operation and a dial to indicate the percent of opening. FIXTURE BRANCH: A fixture branch is a pipe connecting several fixtures. FIXTURE DRAIN: A fixture drain is the drain from the trap of a fixture to the junction of that drain with any other drain pipe. FIXTURE SUPPLY: A fixture supply is a water-supply pipe connecting the fixture with the fixture branch. FIXTURE UNIT: A fixture unit is a measurement used to express the load produc- ing effects of different kinds of plumbing fixtures. FIXTURE-UNIT FLOW RATE: Fixture-unit flow rate is the total discharge flow in GPM of a single fixture divided by 7.5 which provides the flow rate of that particular plumbing fixture as a unit of flow. ~ FLAME SAFEGUARD: A device which will automatically shut off the gas supply to $ main burner or group of burners when the means of ignition of such burners becomes inoperative~ and when flame failure occurs on the burner or group of burners. FLOOR FURNACE: A completely self-contained unit furnace suspended from the floor of the space being heated, taking air for combusion from outside this space, and with means for observing flames and lighting the appliance from such space, FLOODED: A fixture is flooded when the liquid therein rises to the flood level rim. FLOOD LE!rEL: See Flooded. FLOOD-LEVEL RIM: The flood-level rim is the top edge of the receptacle from which water overflows. FLUE COLLAR: That portion of an appliance designed for the attachment of the draft hood or vent connector. FLUE GASES: Products of combustion plus excess air in appliance flues or heat exchangers (before the draft hood or draft regulator). -7- FLUSHOMETER VALVE: A flushometer valve is a device which discharges a pre- determined quantity of water to fixtures for flushing purposes and is actuated by direct water pressure. FLUSH VALVES: A flush valve is a device located at the Bottom of the tank for the purpose of flushing water closets and similar fixtures. FROSTPROOF CLOSET: A frostproof closet is a hopper that has no water in the bowl and has the trap and the control valve for its water sopply installed below the frost line. FURNACE - CENTRAL FURNACE: A self-contained, gas burning appliance for heating air by transfer of heat of combustion through metal to the air, and designed to supply heated air through ducts to spaces remote from or adjacent to the ap- pliance location~ GAS COMPANY: The organization operating the gas distribution system. GAS HOSE: A gas conduit which depends for tightness on joint packing, or on any wall structure other than that formed by a continuous one-piece metal tub- ing member. GAS SERVICE PIPE: The pipe which brings the gas from the gas main to the building. GAS VENTS: Type B Gas Vents. Factory made gas vents listed by a nationally re- cognized testing agency for venting listed or approved appliances equipped to burn only gas. Type B-W Gas Vents. Factory made gas vents listed by a nationally recognized testing agency for venting listed or approved gas-fired vented recessed heaters. Type C Gas Vents. Vents constructed of sheet copper not less than No. 24 U.S. Standard Gage or galvanized iron of not less than No. 20 U.S. Standard Gage~ or other approved noncombustible corrosion- resistant material. GRADE: Grade is the slope or fall of a line of pipe in reference to a horizon- tal plane. In drainage it is usually expressed as the fall in a fraction of an inch per foot length of pipe. GRAVITY: See Specific Gravity. GREASE INTERCEPTOR: See Interceptor. GREASE TRAP: See Interceptor. HANGERS: See Supports. HORIZONTAL BRANCH: A horizontal branch is a drain extending laterally from a soil or waste stack or building drain, with or without vertical sections or branches~ which receives the discharge from one or more fixture drains and con- ducts it to the soil or waste stack or to the building (house) drain. -8- HORIZONTAL PIPE: Horizontal pipe means any pipe or fitting which makes an angle of less than 45 degrees with the horizontal. HOTEL AND RESTAURANT RANGE: A gas appliance of the floor type providing for top cooking, roasting, baking or broiling, or any combination of top cooking with any of these other functions and not designed specifically for domestic use. HOUSE DRAIN: See Building Drain. HOUSE PIPING - GAS PLUMBING: The gas piping from the point where it enters the building or foundation to and including the outlets. (Applicable where the gas meter is located some distance from the building.) The gas piping from the gas meter to and including the outlets. (Ap- plicable where the gas meter is located in or immediately adjacent to the building.) HOUSE SEWER: See Building Sewer. HOUSE TRAP: See Building Trap. INCINERATOR: An appliance which is used to reduce refuse material to ashes. INDIRECT WASTE PIPE: An indirect waste pipe is a pipe that does not connect directly with the drainage system but conveys liquid wastes by discharging into a plumbing fixture or receptacle which is directly connected to the drainage system. INDIVIDUAL VENT: An individual vent is a pipe installed to vent a fixture trap and which connects with the vent system above the fixture served or terminates in the open air. INDUSTRIAL WASTES: Industrial wastes are water-borne wastes resulting from the processes employed in industrial establishments and are free of fecal matter. INSANITARY: Contrary to sanitary principles - injurious to health. INTERCEPTOR: An interceptor is a device designed and installed so ss to separate and retain deleterious, hazardous~ or undesirable matter from normal wastes and permit normal sewage or liquid wastes to discharge into the disposal terminal by gravity. LIMIT CONTROL: A device responsive to changes in pressure or temperature or liquid level for turning on, shutting off, or throttling the fuel supply to an appliance. LIQUID WASTE: Liquid waste is the discharge from any fixture, appliance, or ap- purtenance, in connection with a plumbing system which does not receive fecal matter. LISTED: The word "Listed" as used herein when not otherwise clarified means ac- ceptable as outlined in Paragraph 12.1.1. -9- LOAD FACTOR: Load factor is the percentage of the total connected fixture unit flow rate which is likely to occur at any point in the drainage system. It var- ies with the type of occupancy, the total flow unit above this point being con- sidered, and with the probability factor of simultaneous use. LOOP VENT: A loop vent is the same as a circuit vent except that it loops back and connects with a stack vent instead of a vent stack. LUBRICATED PLUG TYPE VALVE: A valve of the plug and barrel type provided with means for maintaining a lubricant between the bearing surfaces. MAIN: The main of any system of continuous piping is the principal artery of the system, to which branches may be connected° MAIN BURNER: A device or group of devices essentially forming an integral unit for the final conveyance of gas or a mixture of gas and air to the combustion zone, and on which combustion takes place to accomplish the function for which the appliance is designed. MAIN BURNER CONTROL VALVE: A valve which controls the gas supply to the main burner manifold. MAIN SEWER: See Public Sewer. MAIN VENT: The main vent is the principal artery of the venting system, to which vent branches may be connected. MANIFOLD: The conduit of an appliance which supplies gas to the individual burners. MANUAL GAS VALVE: A valve (or cock) of the plug and barrel type designed for use with gas, operated manually to control or shut off the supply of gas. MAY: The word "May" is a permissive term. METER: The instrument installed to measure the volume of gas or water delivered through it. OFFSET: An offset in a line of piping is a combination of elbows or bends which brings one section of the pipe out of line but into a line parallel with the other section. OUTLET: A threaded connection or bolted flange in a pipe system to which a gas burning appliance is or may be attached. Outlets must be located in the room or space where the appliance is or may be installed. PERSON: Person is a natural person, his heirs, executors, administrators or assigns; and includes a firm, partnership or corporation, its or their succes- sors or assigns. Singular includes plural; male includes female. PILOT: A small flame which is utilized to ignite the gas ab the main burner or burners. PITCH: See Grade. -10- PLUMBER - APPRmNTICE: A "Plumber's Apprentice" within the meaning of this Code is any person other than a master plumber or journeyman plumber, who, as his principal o~cupation~ is engaged in learning and assisting a licensed plumber in the installation of plumbing. PLUMBER - JOURNEYMAN: A "Journeyman Plumber" within the meaning of this Code is any person other than a master plumber who engages in or works at the actual installation, alteration, repair and renovating of plumbing, and who is licens- ed by the Texas State Board of Plumbing Examiners as provided by the Plumbing License Law of 1947. PLUMBER - MASTER: A "Master Plumber" within the meaning of this Code is a plumber having a regular place of business, who, by himself, or through a per- son or persons in his employ, performs plumbing work, and who is licensed by the Texas State Board of Plumbing Examiners as provided by the Plumbing License Law of 1947. PLUMBING: "Plumbing" as used in this Code means and shall include: (1) All piping, fixtures, appurtenances and appliances for a supply of water or gas, or both, for all personal or domestic purposes in and about buildings where a person or persons live, work or assemble; all piping, fixtures, appurtenances and appliances outside a building connecting the building with the source of water or gas supply, or both, on the premises, or the main in the street, alley or at the curb; all piping, fixtures, appurtenances, appliances, drain or waste pipes carrying waste or sewage from or within a building to the sewer service lateral at the curb or in the street or alley or other disposal terminal hold- ing private or domestic sewage; (2) The installation, repair and maintenance of all piping fixtures, appurtenances and appliances in and about buildings where a person or persons live, work or assemble, for a supply of gas, water, or both, or disposal of waste water or sewage. PLUMBING FIXTURES: Plumbing fixtures are installed receptacles, devices, or appliances which are supplied with water or which receive or discharge liquids or liquid-borne wastes, with or without discharge into the drainage system with which they may be directly or indirectly connected. PLUM~ING INSPECTOR: The "Plumbing Inspector" within the meaning of this Code is any person employed by the city for the purpose of inspecting plumbing work and installations in connection with health and safety laws as provided by this Code, and who is licensed by the Texas State Board of Plumbing Examiners in ac- cordance with the Plumbing License Law of 1947. POOL: A pool is a water receptacle used for swimming or as a plunge or other bath, designed to accommodate more than one bather at a time. POTABLE WATER: Potable water is water which is satisfactory for drinking, culi- nary, and domestic purposes~ and meets the requirements of the Health Authority having jurisdiction. PRIMARY AIR: The air introduced into a burner and which mixes with the gas before it reaches the port or ports. PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM. See Chapter 11. PUBLIC SEWER: A public sewer is a common sewer directly controlled by public authority. -11- REGULATOR - GAS PRESSURE: A device for controlling and maintaining a uniform gas supply pressure. RELIEF DEVICE: A safety device designed to forestall the development of a dangerous condition in the medium being heated, by relieving either pressure temperature, or vacuum build-up in the appliance. Ao Pressure Relief Valve: An automatic device which opens or closes a relief vent~ depending on whethem the pressure is above or below a predetermined value. Temperature Relief Valve: 1. Fusible Plug Type. A device which opens and keeps open a relief vent by the melting or softening of a fusible plug or cartridge at a predetermined temperature. 2. Reseating or Self-Closing Type: An automatic device which opens and closes a relief vent, depending on whether the temperature is above or below a predetermined value. Vacuum Relief Valve: An automatic device which opens or closes a relief vent depending on whether the vacuum is above or below a predetermined value. RELIEF OPENING: The opening provided in a draft hood to permit the ready escape to the atmosphere of the flue products from the draft hood in the event of no draft, back draft, or stoppage beyond the draft hood, and to permit air into the draft hood in the event of a strong chimney updraft. RELIEF VENT: A relief vent is a vent the primary function of which is to provide circulation of air between drainage and vent systems. RETURN OFFSET: A return offset is a double offset installed so as to return the pipe to its original alignment. REVENT PIPE: A revent pipe (sometimes called an individual vent) is that part of a vent pipe line which connects directly with an individual waste or group of wastes, underneath or back of the fixture, and extends either to the main or branch vent pipe. RIM: A rim is an unobstructed open edge of a fixture. RISER: A riser is a water-supply pipe which extends vertically one full story or more to convey water to branches or fixtures. ROOM OR SPACE HEATER: A self-contained gas-burning appliance installed in and for heating rooms. This definition shall not include unit heaters~ central heating appliances, garage heaters, nor vented recessed heaters. ROUGHING-IN: Roughing-in is the installation of all parts of the plumbing system which can be completed prior to the installation of fixtures. This includes drainage, water-supply, gas supply and vent piping, and the.necessary fixture supports. -12- SAFETY SHUT O~F VALVE: An automatic gas control valve of the "on" and "off" type which is actuated by the limit or protective controls or similar emergency devices. SAND INTERCEPTOR: See Interceptor. SANITARY SEWER: A sanitary sewer is a pipe which carries sewage and excludes storm, surface, and ground water. SECOND HAND: Second hand, as applied to material or plumbing equipment~ is that which has been used. SECONDARY AIR: The air externally supplied to the flame at the point of com- bustion. SEmi-RIGID TUBING: A gas conduit having semi-flexible metal wall structure. SEPARATOR: See Interceptor. SEPTIC TANK: A septic tank is a watertight receptacle which receives the dis- charge of a drain.~ge system or part thereof, which is designed and constructed so as to separate solids from the liquid, digest organic matter through a period of detention, and allow the liquids to discharge into the soil outside of the tank through a system of open-joint or perforated piping, or disposal pit. SEWAGE: Sewage is any liquid waste containing animal or vegetable matter in suspension or solution, and may include liquids containing chemicals in solu- tion. SHALL: The word "shall" is a mandatory term. SHUT OFF VALVE: See definition of Manual Gas Valve. SIDE VENT: A side vent is a vent connecting to the drain pipe through a fitting at an angle not greater than 45 degrees to the vertical. ~ SLOPE: See Grade. SOIL PIPE: A soil pipe is any pipe which conveys the discharge of water closets or fixtures having similar functions, with or without the discharge from other fixtures, to the building drain or building sewer. SOIL VElqT: See Stack Vent. SPECIFIC GRAVITY: As applied to gas, specific gravity is the ratio of the weight of a given volume to that of the same volume of air, both measured under the same conditions. STACK: A stack is the vertical main of a system of soil~ waste, or vent piping. -13- STACK GROUP~ Stack group is a term applied to the location of xtures in re- lation to the stack so that by means of proper fittings, vents may be reduced to a minimum. STACK VENT: A stack vent (sometimes called a waste vent or soil vent) is the extension of a soil or waste stack above the highest horizontal drain connect- ed to the stack. STACK V~2qTING: Stack venting is a method of venting a fixture or fixtures through the soil or waste stack. STOP COCK: See definition of Manual Gas Valve. SUMP: A sump is a tank or pit which receives sewage or liquid waste, located below the normal grade of the gravity system and which must be emptied by mechanical means. SUPPORTS: Supports, hangers~ and anchors are devices for supporting and secur- ing pipe and fixtures to walls, ceilings, floors, or structural members. THERMOSTAT: An automatic device actuated by temperature changes, designed to control the gas supply to a burner~ or burners, in order to maintain temperatures between predetermined limits. TRAP: A trap is a fitting or device so designed and constructed as to provide, when properly vented, a liquid seal which will prevent the back passage of air without materially affecting the flow of sewage or waste through it. TRAP SEAL: The trap seal is the maximum vertical depth of liquid that a trap will retain, measured between the crown weir and the top of the dip of the trap. UNIT HEATER: A self-contained gas burning appliance of the fan type, designed for the delivery of warm air directly into the space in which the appliance is located. UNIT VENT: See Conm~on Vent. VACUUM: A space (as the interior of a closed vessel) exhausted to the highest degree possible by an air pump or other artificial means. Any degree of pressure between a vacuum and atmospheric pressure constitutes a partial vacuum. VACUUM BREAKER: An automatic device which prevents back siphonage by admitting air to relieve a partial vacuum in a water supply pipe. VALVE: See definition of Manual Gas Valve. VENT: (Formerly Flue or Vent) A passageways vertical or nearly so, such as a chimney or gas v~nt~ for exhausting vent gases to the outer air. VEldT CONNECTOR: (Formerly Flue or Vent Connector) That portion of the vent system which connects the gas appliance to the base vent or chimney. VENT GASES: (Formerly Flue Gases) Products of combustion £rom gas appliances plus excess air, plus dilution air in the vent connector, gas vent or chimney above the draft hood or draft regulator. VENT PIPE: See Vent System. -14- VENT STACK: A vent stack is a vertical vent pipe installed primarily for the purpose of providing circulation of air to and from any part of the drainage system. VENT SYSTEM - GAS PLUMBING: The gas vent or chimney and vent connector, if used, assembled to form a continuous open passageway from the gas appliance to the outside atmosphere for the purpose of exhausting vent gases. VENT SYSTEM - SANITARY PLUMBING: A vent system is a pipe or pipes installed to provide a flow of air to or from a drainage system or to provide a circulation of air within such system to protect trap seals from siphonage and back pressure. VENTED RECESSED HEATER: A self-contained vented appliance complete with grilles or equivalent, designed for incorporation in or permanent attachment to a wall, floor, ceiling or partition, and furnishing heated air circulated by gravity or by a fan directly into the space to be heated through openings in the casing. Such appliances shall not be provided with duct extensions beyond the vertical and horizontal limits of the casing proper, except that boots not to exceed 10 inches beyond the horizontal limits of the casing for extension through walls of nominal thickness may be permitted. Where such boots are provided they shall be supplied by the manufacturer as an integral part of the appliance and tested as such. This definition shall exclude floor furnaces, unit heaters and central furnaces as herein defined. VERTICAL PIPE: A vertical pipe is any pipe or fitting which is installed in a vertical position or which makes an angle of not more than 45 degrees with the vertical. WALL HEATER~ UNVENTED OPEN-FLAME RADIANT TYPE: A room heater of the open front type, designed for insertion in or attachment to a wall or partition having ful- ly exposed flames the heat from which is reflected by ceramic radiants or a metal, asbestos, clay back or equivalent backwall reflecting surface. It incor- porates no concealed venting arrangements in its construction and discharges all products of combustion through the open front into the room being heated. WASTE: See Liquid Waste and Industrial Wastes. WASTE PIPE: A waste pipe is a pipe which conveys only liquid waste, free of fecal matter. WATER DISTRIBUTING PIPE: A water-distributing pipe in a building or premises is a pipe which conveys water from the water-service pipe to the plumbing fix- tures and other water outlets. WATER MAIN: The water (street) main is a water-supply pipe for public or com- munity use. WATER OUTLET: A water outlet, as used in connection ~ith the water-distributing system, is the discharge opening for the water (1) to a fixture; (2) to at- mospheric pressure (except into an open tank which is part of the water-supply system); (3) to a boiler or heating system; (4) to any water-operated device or equipment requiring water to operate, but not a part of t~e plumbing system. WATER RISER PIPE: See Riser. -15- WATER-SERVICE PIPE: The water-service pipe is the pipe from the water main or other source of water supply to the building served. WATER-SUPPLY SYSTE~: The water-supply system of a building or premises consists of the water-service pipe, the water-distributing pipes, and the necessary con- necting pipes, fittings, control valves, and all appurtenances in or adjacent to t?le building or premises. WET VENT: A wet vent is a vent which also serves as a waste. YAtLD LINE - GAS PLUMBING: The section of consumer's piping and fittings extend- ing from the point of delivery to the house piping. YOKE VENT: A yoke vent is a pipe connecting upward from a soil or waste stack to a vent stack for the purpose of preventing pressure changes in the stacks. CHAPTER 5 LICENSING REQUIREMENT 5.] PLUMBING LICENSE REQUIRED. 5.1.1. All persons who engage in or work at the actual installation, al- teration, repair and renovating of plumbing shall possess either a master or journeyman plumber's license or an apprentice registration card in accordance with the provisions of the Plumbing License Law of 1947. CHAPTER 6 EXEMPTED ACTIVITY 6.1 EXEMPTIONS: The following acts~ work and conduct shall be expressly permit- ted without license: 6.1.1 Home Owner: Plumbing work done by a property owner in a building o~ed or occupied by him as his home. 6.1.2 Maintenance~ Utility and Appliance Work: Plumbing work done by any- one who is regularly employed as or acting as a maintenance man or maintenance engineer, incidental to and in connection with the business in which he is em- ployed or engaged and who does not engage in the occupation of a plumber for the general public; construction~ installation and maintenance work done upon the premises or equipment of a railroad by an employee thereof who does not engage in the occupation of a plumber for the general public; and plumbing work done by persons engaged by any public service company in the laying, maintenance and operation of its service mains or lines and the installation, alteration, adjust- ment~ repair, removal and renovation of all types of appurtenances, equipment and appliances; appliance installation and service work done by anyone who is an appliance dealer or is employed by an appliance dealer, and acting as an ap- pliance installation man or appliance service man in connecting appliances to existing piping installations. PROVIDED, HOWEVERs THAT ALL WORK AND SERVICE HEREIN NAMED OR REFERRED TO SHALL BE SUBJECT TO INSPECTION AND APPROVAL IN AC- CORDANCE WITH THE TERMS OF ALL LOCAL VALID CITY OR MUNICIPAL ORDINANCES. -16- CHAPTER 7 ADI~INISTRATION 7.1 PLUMBING INSPECTORS: The office of Plumbing Inspector is hereby created to administer and enforce this code. The Mayor shall appoint the Plumbing Inspec- tor and any assistants necessary to aid him in the discharge of his duties. Such appointment shall be subject to confirmation by the City Council. The person chosen to fill this office shall be of good moral character; shall be possessed of such executive ability, training and experience as is required for the per- formance of his duties in the enforcement of this code. He shall receive such compensation and serve for such term as may be fixed by the governing body; and execute and deliver to the city a surety bond in the principal amount of $i,000.00 conditioned upon the diligent and honest performance of the duties required by this code, or any other ordinance or law. The bond premium shall be paid by the city and the bond shall be satisfactory to the governing body. He shall hold and keep in force a Plumbing Inspector's License issued by the State Board of Plumbing Examiners. 7.2 PROHIBITED INTERESTS: The Plumbing Inspector shall not work for or be connected or associated with any master plumber, plumbing manufacturer or whole- sale plumbing and supply company or do any plumbing work while employed as a Plumbing Inspector. 7.3 DUTIES OF INSPECTOR: The duties of the Plumbing Inspector or assistant plumbing inspector shall be to receive, approve and countersign either in per- son or by an authorized representative, all applications and collect all fees for permits to do plumbing, or make sewer connections in the city, or outside the boundaries of the city, if connections are made to either the city water or sewer systems; also to personally inspect and pass on all plumbing work, and sewer connections now in use or being constructed, or which may hereafter be constructed in the city, or outside the boundaries of the city, if connections are made to either the city water or sewer systems, and to issue his certificate of approval thereof, if he shall approve the same, or, if he shall not approve the same, to direct, by written order, the owner or agent in charge of any building or premises, where imperfect plumbing, including water, sewer or gas piping, may be located, or the plumber in charge of such construction to stop the use or construction of same until it shall have been properly repaired or constructed in accordance with the provisions of this code; to investigate all alleged violations of the plumbing ordinances; to file complaints against all persons whom he may have reason to believe have violated any of the plumbing or sewer ordinances of the city. Assistant inspectors of plumbing shall perform all of the duties and when directed shall have all of the powers of the Plumb- ing Inspector. 7.4 POWERS OF INSPECTOR: The Plumbing Inspector shall have the power and it shall be his duty, where any building, premises or construction contains im- proper or defective plumbing or where same has been constructed, erected, al- tered, or repaired without a permit as provided by this code, to give prompt written notification to the utility involved to cut off the water or gas supply thereto until such improper or defective plumbing shall be made to comply fully with the provisions of this code, and a certificate to the Plumbing Inspector shall have been issued. -17- 7.5 LIABILITIES OF INSPECTOR: Where action is taken by the Plumbing Inspector to enforce the provisions of this code, such action shall be in the name of, and on behalf of~ the city, and the Inspector in so acting shall not render himself personally liable for any damage which may accrue to persons or property as a result of an action committed in good faith in the discharge of his duties, and any suit brought against any inspector by reason thereof shall be defended by the City Attorney until final determination of the proceedings contained therein. 7.6 AUTHORITY OF INSPECTOR: The Plumbing Inspector shall have the right to enter any building or premises at any reasonable time in the discharge of his official duties, or for the purpose of making any inspection, re-inspection, or test required by this code. PLUMBING APPEALS AND ADVISORY BOARD 8.1 ORGANIZATION OF BOARD: There is hereby created a six member Plumbing Ap- peals and Advisory Board consisting of: (1) A licensed Master Plumber (2) A licensed Journeyman Plumber (3) A building contractor (4) The City Engineer (5) The City Health Officer (6) A licensed architect or alternate selection (see Paragraph 8.1.3) 8.1.1 Ex-officio Member: The Plumbing Inspector shall be an ex-officio, non-voting member of said Board. 8.1.2 Appointment and Terms of Office: Members of the Board and their successors shall be appointed by the Mayor and confirmed by the City Council and shall hold office for terms of 4 years, or until their successors are ap- pointed and have qualified; except, the members of the Board first appointed shall hold office, two for two years and two for four years as determined by the Mayor in making said appointments. 8.1.3 Alternate Selection: If a licensed architect or registered engineer is not available, the Mayor may appoint such other lay person as he deems quali- fied to serve as a representative of the general public. 8.1.4 Eligibility to Serve: The City Engineer and the City Health Officer shall be eligible to serve only so long as they hold office. g.l.5 Compensation: All members shall serve without compensation. 8.2 ELECTION OF OFFICERS AND ADOPTION OF RULES: The members of the Board shall meet as soon after their appointment as practicable for the purpose of organi- zation. The Board shall formally elect a chairman, a vice chairman, and a sec- retary from its members and may adopt such rules as it deems necessary for the orderly condect of its affairs. A full and complete record of the proceedings of said Board shall be kept. A majority of the Board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. -18- 8.3 DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE BOARD 8.3.1 Right of Appeal: Any person, firm or corporation aggrieved by any interpretation of this code or by any decision or ruling by the Plumbing Inspec- tor under this code shall have the right to make an appeal to the Plumbing Ap- peals and Adwisory Board. 8.3.2 Hearings of the Board: Within a period of ten (10) days from the filing of the appeal the Board shall hear the appeal, together with the testi- mony of all parties concerned, and render a decision thereon within three (3) days thereafter. In hearing such an appeal, the Board shall not have the power to waive or set aside the requirements of this code but shall have the power to interpret its provisions and in case of alternate types of construction or material, shall determine whether or not such alternate type of construction or material is, in fact, equal to the standards of this code, considering adequacy, stability, strength, sanitation and safety to the public health and welfare. Any person, firm or corporation who may be aggrieved by the decision of the Board shall have a right of appeal to the City Council within ten (10) days from the rendition of such decision. Said appeal shall be perfected by written notice addressed to the Mayor and City Council asking for a hearing by the Council, and the action of the City Council thereon shall be final. Except that due process shall not be denied and further appeal may be made to the nearest court of com- petent jurisdiction. 8.3.3 Advisory gespons%bility of the Board: The Board shall submit to the City Council such recommendations f~r the improvement and revision of this Code as it may from time to time deem necessary and proper in light of the develop- ment of new materials, methods or techniques which would result in a better and more economical installation- All requests for use of materials or methoda not covered in this Code shall be fully supported by factual evidence, or prior ap- proval, from a recognized testing agency or such impartial qualified authority acceptable to the Board. CHAPTER 9 p~R~ITS~ FEES AND INSPECTIONS 9.1 PERMITS 9.1.1 A. Permits Required: It shall be unlawful to construct, install or cause to be installed any plumbing as defined herein without first securing a plumbing permit therefor except as otherwise provided in Section 9.1.2. B. It shall be unlawful for any person to make any extension to any lines or pipes~ using water from city water mains~ whether within or without the corporate lzmzt of the city, or to add any pipes or to change any pipes or lines from a water line, apartment, house, premises, or meter without first securing s permit for such changes except as otherwise provided in Section 9.1.2. C. permits and inspections shall be required for the replacement of water heaters. -19- 9.1.2 Permits Not Required: No Plumbing permit is required to do minor repairs such as the maintenance, repair or replacement in kind of the follow- ing: (1) Yard hydrants and sill cocks (2) Flush valves and float-balls in water closet tanks (3) Accessible traps on lavatories or sinks (4) Replacing of plumbing fixtures where no change in "roughing-in" is involved except replacement of water heaters. (See Paragraph 9.1.1 - C.) The above examples are representative only and should not be considered as a limitation on the term "minor repairs." 9.1.3 Issuance of Permit: The Plumbing Inspector or his designated re- presentative shall issue all plumbing permits in accordance with the provisions and requirements of this code. All applications for permits shall give the correct location of the building, name of the owner of such building, and a complete statement of the work and fixtures to be installed. The Plumbing In- spector may require a complete plan of the work to be performed if considered necessary. 9.1.4 Special Permits Authorized: A special permit may be issued by the Plumbing Inspector, in writing, when plumbing cannot be installed in accordance with all of the provisions of this code, if in his judgment the conditions re- quire it. Application for this type permit shall be made in writing accompan- ied by a sketch showing the work to be done; said sketch must be kept on file in the Plumbing Inspector's office. In other work pertaining to, but not specifically covered by this code, the Plumbing Inspector may prescribe such specifications as may be necessary and shall be consulted before any work is started. 9.1.5 Persons Who May Obtain a Permit: Permits shall be issued only to the following: (1) Any Master Plumber licensed by the State Board of Plumbing Examiners. (2) Any property owner for plumbing work to be done by him in a building owned or occupied by him as his home. (3) Any appliance dealer or employee of an appliance dealer who is acting as an appliance installation man or appliance service man in connect- ing appliances to existing piping installations. 9.1.6 Permits Not Transferable: Each permit issued under this code shall be personal to the Permittee. No such permit shall be assigned or transferred to another person and no person shall permit another person to obtain a permit in his name, or permit any plumbing or gas fitting work to be performed under his permit by any person other than a person authorized to do the same. 9.1.7 False Statement or Bad Faith: Any person who shall wilfully make any false statement in order to obtain a permit shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and subject to the penalty provided herein. Bad faith or unreasonable delay in the performance of plumbing work shall be deemed a sufficieht reason for sub- jecting the plumber so offending to a suspension of the permit and no further permit shall be issued until such act of bad faith or unreasonable delay has been corrected. -20- 9.1.8 Duration of Permit: Every permit issued under the provisions of this Code shall expire 90 days after the date thereof unless the work authorized by such permit shall have been cormnenced within such time; and every permit shall expire if the work authorized by such permit is suspended or abandoned for as long as 90 days after it has been commenced. In every case where a permit is permitted to expire, a new permit shall be obtained before any work is resumed. 9.2 FEES 9.2.1 Permit and Inspection Fees: The permit and inspection fees herein provided shall be paid to the City before the issuance of a permit and before any work is started. The fees shall be as follows: 9.2.2 Table of Fees: For issuing each permit ......................................... $1.00 In addition: For each plumbing fixture or trap or set of fixtures of one trap (including water and drainage piping) .............. $1.00 For each house sewer ............................................ $1.00 For each house sewer having to be replaced or repaired .......... $1.00 For each water heater and/or vent ............................... $1.00 For each gas piping system of 1 to 5 outlets .................... $2.00 For each gas piping system of 6 or more, per outlet ............. $ .50 For installation of water piping for water treating equipment ..................................................... $1.00 Lawn sprinkler system inspection for five (5) sprinkler heads ......................................................... $1.00 Each additional sprinkler head over five, fifteen cents (15) each ...... $ 15 inspection ....... $2.00 For re- . ............................. 9.3 INSPECTIONS AND TESTS 9.3.1 When Required: All new plumbing work, and such portions of exist- ing systems as may be affected by new work or any changes, shall be inspected to insure compliance with all the requirements of this Ordinance. It shall be the duty of the plumber to give reasonable advance notice to the Plumbing In- spection Department when plumbing work is ready for inspection. If the Inspector finds the installation does not meet with the requirements of the Code, the plumber shall make the necessary corrections and the work shall then be re-submitted for inspection. All materials and labor necessary for tests shall be furnished by the plumber. 9°3.2 Drainage and Vent System Tests: All the piping of new installations, and of major additions, or renovations of existing systems, shall be tested with air or water. The water test shall be applied to the drainage system either in its entirety or in sections. All openings in the portion under test shall be tightly plugged except ~he highest opening and the system filled with water to point of overflow. No joint or pipe in the system (to a point at least level with the top floor) shall be submitted to less than a 42-inch head of water. -21- The water shall be kept in the system, or portion of the system under test, for a period of at least 15 minutes before inspection and shall then be tight at all points. 9.3.3 Water Supply System Test: Upon completion of the water system, or section thereof, it shall be tested and proved tight under a water test at least as great as city water pressure. Water for testing must be from a potable supply. Pressure must be on systems for at least 15 minutes prior to inspection. Caulk- ing or use of any patching material is strictly prohibited. All faolty pipe and materials shall be replaced with good materials. 9.3.4 Buildin~ Sewer Test: Ail building sewers shall be inspected and ap- proved prior to backfill. Building sewers shall be tested with a 10-foot head of water and proved tight. 9.3.5. Gas System Test: The test on house piping shall he made by closing all openings and subjecting the pipes to an air pressure that will support a column of mercury 10 inches in height. If this column of mercury is supported by the air pressure for at least 15 minutes, during periods of con- stant temperature, the piping shall be considered tight. A final test shall be made for final inspection. 9.3.6. Prohibited Methods of Testins: Water shall not be used in testing gas piping for leaks and piping into which water has been introduced will not be approved, but will be condemned as faulty. A fire test is not permitted under any circumstances on inside work. 9.3.7. Gas System Inspection: When the plumber has completed the gas piping system and has all branches and branch extensions firmly and permanently fastened, he shall test the piping and if found tight, shall make application for inspection and the Plumbing Inspector will call and inspect the piping and witness the test, and if he finds the piping tight, and the sizes and work in accordance with the provisions of this Code, he will issue a certificate of inspection and attach an inspection tag to the work. 9.3.8. Covering Plumbing: No part of the plumbing system shall be covered before it has been tested~ inspected and approved as prescribed in this s~tion, if any part is covered prior to the provisions of this Section, it shall be exposed upon the direction of the Plumbing Inspector. 913.9 Final Inspections: (1) Final inspection shall be made on the sanitary system and the water system after the fixtures are set and the building is ready for occupancy. (2) Final inspection shall be made on the gas system after the water heater, furnace and gas cocks have been installed and shall be made with air pressure of 10 inches of mercury for 15 minutes. When changes or extensions are made to a gas system from a point where no gas stop has been provided in the original gas sMstem, the plumber must prepare the entire system for test and same with air pressure of 10 inches of mercury. Test must be on system for a minimum of 15 minutes before inspection° -22 cHAPTER 10 BONDING PROVISION ]0.1 BOND RF~UIP~ED: Before any person, firm or corporation shall engage in the business of plumbing in the City, he, it, or they shall first obtain the proper license and deposit with the City a good and sufficient bond in the sum of One Thousand ($1,000.00) Dollars~ conditioned that the person, firm or corporation engaged in the plumbing business will faithfully observe all the laws pertaining to plumbing; further, that the City shall be indemnified and saved harmless from all claims arising from accidents and damage of any character whatsoever caused by the negligence of such person, firm or corporation engaged in the plumbing business, or by any other unfaithful inadequate work done either by themselves or their agents or employees. CHAPTER 11 GENERAL REGULATIONS 11.1 CONFORMANCE WITH CODE: Ail plumbing systems hereafter installed shall conform with the provisions of this code. 11.1.1 Sewer Required: Every building in which plumbing fixtures are installed shall have a connection to a public sewer. Exception: When there is no sewer available within a reasonable distance an approved private sewage disposal system may be used. 11.1.2 Independent Systems: The drainage system of each new building and of new work installed in existing buuildings shall be separate and independent from that of any other building and when available shall have an independent connection with a public sewer. Exception: When one building stands in the rear of another build- ing, on an interior lot and these buildings are on one parcel of land under one owner, then the building sewer may be extended to serve the rear building. 11.1.3 Easement Provision: A house sewer may not cross another lot unless an easement or right-of-way is provided to protect all property owners. 11.2 FITTINGS AND CONNECTIONS: 11.2.1 Fittings for Change in Direction. Changes in direction in drainage piping shall be made by the appropriate use of 45-degree wyes or 1/2 wyes, long or short sweep quarter bends, sixth, eighth, or sixteenth bends, or by a com- bination of these or equivalent fittings. Single and double sanitary tees and quarter bends may be used in drainage lines only where the direction of flow is from the horizontal to the vertical. 11.2.2 Change of Direction Table: The fittings in Figure 1 are used for changing direction as follows: -23 - D~ameter of Pipe Drainage - any size Vent - any size 3 inch or more 3 inch or less Direction Horizontal to Vertical Any direction Vertical to Horizontal Vertical to Horizontal Install Quarter bend or 90 degree short turn Short sweep or 90 degree long turn drainage elbow Long sweep or extra long turn elbow CAST IRON SOIL FITTINGS 1/4 Bend Any Size; From Horizontal To Vertical 0nly Short Sweep 3" And Over; Vertical To Horizontal Long Sweep Less Than 3" Vertical To Horizontal CAST IRON DRAINAGE FITTINGS Short Long Turn Extra Long Turn Turn 11.3 PROHIBITED FITTINGS AND CONNECTIONS: 11.3.1 Fittings: No fitting having a hub in the direction opposite to flow, or tee branch shall be used as a drainage fitting. No running threads, bands, or saddles shall be used in the drainage system. No drainage or vent piping shall be drilled or drilled and tapped. No saddle fitting shall be used. 11.3.2 Heel or Side-Inlet Bend: A heel inlet quarter bend shall not be used as a vent when the inlet is placed in a horizontal position. 11.3.3 Obstruction to Flow: No fitting or connection which offers ab- normal obstruction to flow shall be permitted. 11.4 EXISTING BUILDINGS: 11.4.1 Provision for Code Deviations: In existing buildings or premises in which plumbing installations are to be altered, repaired, or renovated, neces- sary deviations from the provisions of this code may be permitted, provided such deviations conform to the intent of the code and are approved by the Plumbing Inspector. (See Special Permits 9.1.4) -24 11.5 SEWER AND WATER PIPES 11.5.1 Separate Sewer Ditch: Water-service pipes, or any underground water pipes, shall not be run or laid in the same trench as the building sewer or drain- age piping, except as provided for in Paragraph 19.4~11 and Paragraph 20.2.2. ll.5.1A Protection of Pipes: A. Breakage and Corrosion: Pipes passing through or under walls shall be protected from breakage. Pipes passing through cinders or concrete shall be protected from external corrosion by protective coating or wrapping. B. All drainage pipe passing through foundation walls shall be provid- ed with a sleeve at least one pipe sizes greater than the pipe passing through. Annular space between sleeves and pipes shall be filled with coal tar, asphal- tum compound or other material equally effective and approved by the Plumbing Inspector. C. All drainage pipes and/or building sewers passing under concrete or driveways shall be provided with adequate protection. Where other than cast iron pipe is used special precautions shall be taken for the protection of such pipe. 11.5.2 Damage to Drainage System or Public Sewer: It shall be unlawful for any person to deposit by any means into the building drainage system or sewer any ashes; cinders, rags; inflan~nable, poisonous, or explosive liquids; gases; oils, grease; or any other material which would or could obstruct, damage, or overload such system or sewer. 11.6 WATER CLOSET CONNECTIONS: 11.6.1 Lead: Where three-inch (3") extra heavy lead bends and stubs are used on water closets or similar connections, the inlet is to be dressed or ex- panded to receive a four inch (4") floor flange, or the connection shall be made with cast iron soil pipe and cast iron floor flange. Other approved mater- ials may be used. 11.6.2 Rigid: Wall outlet water closets shall have rigid connections of approved manufacture. 11.6.3 Reducing: Four by three-inch (4" X 3") extra heavy lead, cast iron or approved copper reduction bends are permitted. 11.7 RAT PROOFING: Where this term is used, it shall also mean mouse proofing. 11.7.1 Exterior Openings: Ail exterior openings provided for the passage of piping shall be properly sealed with snugly fitting collars of metal or other approved rat-proof material securely fastened into place. 11.7.2 Interior Openings: Excess space around pipe openings through walls, floors, or ceilings shall be chinked or closed by the use or ordinary masonry mortar when and where possible. Where this is not practical, the Plumbing In- spector shall prescribe an alternate method and material. -25- cHAPTER 12 MATERIALS - qUALITY AND WEIGHT 12. l MATERIALS: 12.1.1 Minimum Standards: The materials listed in this Chapter shall con- form at least to the standards cited in pages 28 through 31 when used in the con- struction, installation, alteration, or repair of any part of a plumbing and drainage system, except that the Inspector shall allow the extension, addition, or relocation of existing soil, waste, or vent pipes with materials of like grade or quality. 12.].2 Use of Materials: The following Table outlines permissible materials for various uses subject to the restrictions of the following chapters. 12.1.3 Materials Not Listed: Materials other than those listed for the various uses may be permitted upon approval of the plumbing Appeals and Advisory Board. The Board shall not approve any material unless the same is shown to be equal to or better than materials listed in this Ordinance. Ail materials approved under this procedure shall meet nationally recognized material standards. -26- 12.1.4 Materials and Uses: ,Clay Sewer Pioe With Neoorene Seal X Concrete Sewer Pipe Neoprene Seal X X Bituminized Sewer Pipe X X X Asbesto* Cement Pipe ~ Cast-Iron Soil Pipe & Fittings X ~ X X X X × ~ iw X Cast. Iron No-Hub Pipe and Fitttnms X X X X X X Cast-Iron (Drainage) Fittings X ~ X X X X X X Wrought-Iron Pipe Galvanized ~ ~*~*~* *~*:;X !X ~ X X X Steel Pipe Galvanized *~ ~*v* ~ *~*::X X X X X X Open Hearth Iron Pipe Malleable Iron Fittings Galvanized ~*: ~ X X X X ~,X X X Malleable Drainage Fittinas *~ ~* X{ X X X Brass Pipe I.P.S. & Screwed Fittings X (; ~ X X X X K X X X X Copper Pipe I.P.S. X Copper Water Tube (Type K or L, Soft) & Wrought Copper Flgtln~m X ~oldered Joint Fittings - Copper, Solder 3oint Drainage Pattern Co~n~r Tube Tvn~ M H~rd ~ Copper Tube, Type DWV ( Copper Tube, Type L Mard X X X X X ~opper Tube~ ZMpe K Hard X X X X X X < Lead Pipe X X!X Plastic, Pipe (PVC) or CPVC :!' X X X X____X ~iX_~_ Xi X X Plastic. Pipe (Polvethvlene) Plastic. Pioe (ABS% X X X Styrene Rubber Pipe X IX X Gl__aSS (of Approved Manufacture) Duriron (or EquaI~ Steel Pipe - Black { { { K X Malleable iron Fittings - Black I { For non corrosive gas with joints accessible. May be used for large size service lines and private distribution systems (3 inches or larger) ~*Abova ground only. -27- 0 0 -28- ~ T ?~ ' I T~T~ II I -29- -30- 0 0 0 0 -31- ~HAPTER 13 JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS 13.1 GENERAL: 13.1.1 Tightness: Joints and connections in the plumbing system shall be gastight and watertight for the pressures required by test~ with the exception of those portions of perforated or open-joint piping which are installed for the purpose of collecting and conveying ground or seepage water to the underground storm drains. 13.2 TYPES OF JOINTS: 13.2.1 ~alked Joints: Calked joints for cast-iron bell-and-spigot soil pipe shall be firmly packed with oakum or hemp and filled with molten lead not less than 1 inch deep and not to extend more than 1/8 inch below the rim of the hub. No paint, varnish~ or other coatings shall be permitted on the jointing material until after the joint has been tested and approved. 13.2.2 Threaded Joints: Threads shall conform to American National Taper Pipe Thread, ASA B2.I-1945 or FS GGG-P-351a. All burrs shall be removed. Pipe ends shall be reamed or filed out to size of bore, and all chips shall be remov- ed. Pipe-joint cement and paint shall be used only on male threads. 13.2.3 Wiped Joints: Joints in lead pipe or fittings, or between lead pipe or fittings and brass or copper pipe, ferrules, solder nipples, or traps, shall be full-wiped joints. Wiped joints shall have an exposed surface on each side of a joint not less than 3/4 inch and at least as thick as the material being jointed. Wall or floor flange lead-wiped joints shall be made by using a lead ring or flange placed behind the joint at wall or floor. Joints between lead pipe and cast iron, steel or wrought iron shall be made by means of a calking ferrule, soldering nipple or bushing. 13.2.4 Solder or Sweat Joints: Solder or sweat joints for tubing shall be made with approved fittings. Surfaces to be soldered or sweated shall be cleaned bright. The joints shall be properly fluxed and made with approved solder. Joints in copper water tubing shall be made by the appropriate use of approved brass water fittings, properly sweated or soldered together. 13.2.5 Flared Joints: Flared joints for soft-copper water tubing shall be made with fittings meeting approved standards. The tubing shall be expanded with a proper flaring tool. I3.2.6 Hot-Poured Joints: Hot-poured compound for clay or concrete sewer pipe shall not be water absorbent and when poured against a dry surface shall have s bond of not less than I00 pounds per square inch. All surfaces of the joint shall be cleaned and dried before pouring. If wet surfaces are unavoidable, a suitable primer shall be applied. Compound shall not soften sufficiently to destroy the effectiveness of the joint when subjected to s temperature of 160° F nor be soluble in any of the waste carried by the drainage system. Approximately 25 per cent of the joint space at the base of the socket shall be filled with jute or hemp. A pouring collar, ropes, or other device shall be used to hold the -32 - hot compouna _uring pouring. Each joint shall be poured in one peration until thc joint is filled. Joints shall not be tested until one (1) hour after pour- ing. 13.2.7 Cement Mortar Joints: Cement joints shall be used only when speci- fically permitted in other chapters of this Code or when approved by the Plumbing Inspector, as sufficient to accomplish the purpose of this Code. A layer of jute or hemp shall be inserted into the base of the joint space and rammed to prevent mortar from entering the interior of the pipe. Jute or hemp shall be dipped into a slurry suspension of portland cement in water prior to insertion into bell. Not more than 25 percent of the joint space shall be used for jute or hemp. The remaining space shall be filled in one continuous operation with a thoroughly mixed mortar composed of 1 part cement and 2 parts sand, with only sufficient water to make the mixture workable by hand. After 1/2 hour of setting, the joint shall be rammed around the entire periphery with a blunt tool to force the par- tially stiffened mortar into the joint and to repair any cracks formed during the initial setting period. Pipe interior shaJl be swabbed to remove any mater- ial that might have fallen into the interior. Additional mortar of the same composition shall then be troweled so as to form a 45-degree taper with the barrel of the pipe. 13.2.8 Asbestoa-Cement Sewer-Pipe Joints: Joints in asbestos-cement pipe shall be made with sleeve coupling of the same composition as the pipe, sealed with rubber rings. Joints between asbestos-cement pipe and other approved pipe shall be made by means of an adapter coupling calked as required in Paragraph 13.2.1 or a rubber ring or PVC sealer. 13.2.9 Bituminized-fiber Pipe Joints: Joints in bituminized-fiber pipe shall be made with tapered-type couplings of the same material as the pipe. Joints between bituminized-fiber pipe and metal pipe shall be made by means of an adapter coupling calked as required in Paragraph 13.2.1. 13.2.10 Plastic Pip~.: All plastic pipe shall be installed in strict accor- dance with manufacturer's recommendations and joints between plastic pipe and fittings shall be made by one of the following methods: A. The solvent weld method, with socket type fittings molded of the same materials as the pipe. B. Insert fittings and stainless steel clamps. C. Screw type plastic fittings on threaded plastic pipe. Each type of joint shall be made in accordance with manufacturer's publish- ed recommendations. 13.2.102 Solvent: All solvent cements shall bear the NSF seal of approval. 13.2.11 No-Hub Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings: Joints should be in ac- cordance with CISTI-301-68T. 13.2.12 Elastomeric Joints: Elastomeric joints for cast iron soil pipe shall be positive seal, compression type and shall be as approved in accordance with the requirements of this Ordinance. Size~ shape or design of joints shall not be altered by cutting. 13.2.13 Joining Different Materials: Ail joints between pipes of different material shall be made with the proper type of approved adapter fittings, calked, wiped, brazed, soldered, etc. -33- CHAPTER 14 TRAPS AND CLEANOUTS 14.1 TRAPS 14.1.1 General Regulations: Plumbing fixtures, excepting those having integral traps, shall be separately trapped by a water seal trap, placed as close to the fixture as possible. Ao However, a combination plumbing fixture may be installed on one trap, if one compartment is not more than 6 inches deeper than the other and the waste outlets are not more than 30 inches apart. CONTINUOUS WASTE {DRAIN) FOR THREE-COMPARTMENT SINK OR THREE TRAYS OR TWO-FiXTURE CONTINUOUS WASTE WITH END-TRAP OUTLeT Figure 2 Figure 2 illustrates various types of continuous wastes that may be used when connecting a two- or three-compartment fixture. In the case of a two- compartment sink with a food-waste disposer under one compartment, it is best to use a directional fitting. Provided, that one trap may be installed for a set of not more than three single-compartment sinks or laundry trays or three lavatories irmmediately adjacent to each other in the same room, if the waste outlets are not more than 30 inches apart and the trap is centrally located when three compartments are installed. 14.1.2 Vertical Distance of Trap to Fixture: The vertical distance from the fixture outlet to the trap weir shall not exceed 24 inches except for resi- dential washing machines which may be 48 inches. The same principle applies to the distance from an integral fixture trap, as in a water closet, to the con- nection with a horizontal drain. See Figure 3. For horizontal distance from trap to vent see 21.2.2. 14.2.1 P Traps: Approved types of P traps of the same, or larger, diameter of the fixture drain may be used. 14.2.2 Drum Traps: Drum traps shall be not less than 3 inches nor more than 4 inches in diameter with at least a 2-inch water seal. The trap screw shall be one size less than the trap diameter. -34- Figure 3 14.2.3 Trap Seal: Each fixture trap shall have a water seal of not less than 2 inches and not more than 4 inches, except where a deeper seal is found necessary by the Plumbing Inspector for special conditions. 14.2.4 Self-Cleaning: Fixture traps shall be self-cleaning. 14.2.5 Slip Joints: Slip joints or couplings may be used on the trap in- let or within the trap seal or on the exposed part of the water supply. 14.2.6 Prohibited Traps: A. No trap which depends for its seal upon the action of movable parts shall be used. B. Full S-traps are prohibited. C. Bell traps are prohibited. D. Crown-vented traps are prohibited. 14.3 PIPE CLEANOUT S 14.3.1 Underground Drain: Cleanouts, when installed on an underground drain, shall be extended to or above the finished grade directly above the place where the cleanout is installed; or they may be extended to the outside of the building when found necessary by the Plumbing Inspector. 14.3.2 Building Sewer: A cleanout of the same nominal size as the pipe, up to 4 inches and not less than 4 inches for larger pipe shall be installed at the junction of the building (house) drain and the building sewer. Cleanouts shall also be installed at intervals not to exceed 100 feet in straight runs and shall be brought to grade in an approved manner. -35 14.3.3 Change of Direction: A cleanout shall be installed in horizontal drainage piping at each change of direction greater than 45 degrees, except tl~at cleanouts may be installed at the end of branch lines if the change of direction in the branch is made with two 1/8 bends or with a wye and 1/8 bend and is not more than 40 feet from the cleanout. Test tees or approved two-way cleanouts may be used for cleanouts where practical. 14.3.4 Concealed Piping: Cleanouts on concealed piping shall be extended through and t.erminate flush with the finished wall or floor or brought to grade. Pits or chases may be left in the wall or floor, provided they are of sufficient size to permit removal of the cleanout plug and proper cleaning of the system. 14.3.5 Base of Stacks: A cleanout shall be provided at or near the base of each sink waste stack and shall be extended to an easily accessible location above the floor line or to the outside wall. 14.3.6 Direction of Flow: Every cleanout shall be installed so that the cleanout opens in a direction opposite to the flow of the drainage line or at right angle 90 degrees thereto. 14.3.7 Prohibited Connections: Cleanout openings shall not be used for the installation of new fixtures or floor drains except where approved by the Inspector. 14.3.8 Location of Cleanout Plugs: Ail cleanouts shall be so installed that there is at least 18 inches of clearance for the purpose of rodding. When unable to maintain 18-inch clearance, extend cleanout to outside of building or some other accessible location. CHAPTER 15 INTERCEPTORS AND BACKWATER VALVES 15.1 INTERCEPTORS AND SEPARATORS 15.1.1 When Required: a. Grease Traps: Wastes from kitchen sinks and/or dishwashers in any hotel, restaurant, club house, boarding house, public institution, hospital or similar place, shall discharge into an approved type grease trap of adequate size before entering the sanitary drain or sewer. The grease trap shall be properly vented and if more than 4 feet horizon- tally or 30 inches vertically, from the outlet of the fixture it serves, then the fixture shall have a separate trap and vent. No food grinders or garbage disposers shall discharge into a grease trap. The grease re- taining capacity of each grease trap in pounds of grease, shall be equal to twice the rate of flow capacity in gallons per minute of waste water so that the trap shall remove and retain 90% of the grease discharged into it up to its required capacity of accumulated grease. For calculat- ing the required sizes of grease traps the rate of discharge from each fixture connected to the trap shall be based upon the rates shown in the following table: -36- Type ef Fixture R of Flow in GPM Single compartment sink with 1-1/2" waste Double compartment sink with 1-1/2" waste Triple compartment sink with 2" waste Dishwashers - tip to 30 gallon water capacity up to 50 gallon water capacity up to lO0 gallon water capacity Floor Drain - each 15 20 25 15 25 4O 5 Manufactured grease traps shall be selected to fit the flow rate requirements of the connected fixtures from the manufacturer's rating schedule. Concrete grease traps shall be sized as follows: Minimum size up to 7 gpm 18"X18"X24" deep. For each additional gpm flow rate~ size shall be increased by i cubic foot. b. Interceptors: Ail waste water from abattoirs~ poultry dressing olants and fish and/or sea-food markets, when such water is used to con- ~ection with kilting~ dressing, cleaning, washing or handling of such animals, poultry or sea-food, shall discharge into a trough not less than 4 inches deep and 6 inches wide. This trough shall discharge into a properly trapped and vented catch basin not less than 24 X 24 X 30 inches with tight fitting solid cover and frame. (See Plumbing Inspector for proper size.) In fish or sea-food markets the catch basin shall have a 2-inch vent extending through the roof independently of any other vent. c. Commercial Laundries: Commercial laundry wastes shall be equipped with an interceptor having a removable wire basket or similar device that will prevent strings, rags, buttons or other materials detrimental to the public sewer system from passing into the system. Basket or device shall prevent passage into the drainage system of solids 1/2 inch or larger. The basket or device shall be removable for cleaning. The drain from the inter- ceptor shall discharge into a properly vented "P" trap or catch basin. d. Washateria Waste: Waste from washing machines in a washateria shall discharge into a trough at least 4 inches deep and 6 inches wide or into a system of copper or cast iron standpipes and drain pipes. The drain shall then discharge into an interceptor as described in paragraph c. Catch Basin Sizes 0-24 Washing Machines 2z."X24"X48'' deep 24-30 Washing Machines 30"X30"X48" deep 30-60 Washing Machines 36"X36"X48" deep Other interceptors and/or separators shall be used, when in the judgment of the Plumbing Inspector~ they are necessary for the proper handling of liquid- borne wastes containing elements harmful to the building drainage system, the public sewer~ the sewage treatment plant or any of its processes. ]5.1.2 Residential Units: A grease interceptor is not required for indivi- dual dwelling units or private living quarters. 15.1.3 Venting Interceptors: Interceptors shall be so designed that they will not become air bound if closed covers are used. Each interceptor shall be properly vented. -37- 15.1.4 Accessibility of Interceptor: Each interceptor shall be so install- ed as to provide ready accessibility to the cover and means for servicing. ]5.2 BACKWATER VALVES i5.2.1 Fixture Branches: Backwater valves shall be installed in the branch of the building drain which receives only the discharge from fixtures located within such branch and below grade and shall be so constructed as to insure a mechanical seal against backflow. All bearing parts shall be of bronze or other corrosion resistant material. 15.2.2 Diameter: Backwater valves, when fully opened, shall have a capa- city not less than that of the pipes in which they are installed. 15.2.3 Location: Backwater valves shall be so installed as to provide ready accessibility to their working parts. CHAPTER 16 PLUMBING FIXTURES 16.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 16.1.1 Qnality of Fixtures: Plumbing fixtures shall be constructed from approved materials; have smooth impervious surfaces; be free from defects and concealed fouling surfaces; and, except as permitted elsewhere in this Code, shall conform in quality and design to one of the following standards: Staple Porcelain Plumbing Fixtures, NBS Commercial Standard CS 77-48 Vitreous China Plumbing Fixtures, NBS Commercial Standard CS 20-63 Earthenware (vitreous glazed) Plumbing Fixtures~ NBS Commercial Standard CS 77-48 Plumbing Fixtures (for) Land Use, F.S.W W - P - 541a-1947 Formed Steel Enameled Sanitary Ware, F.S. W W - P - 542 Formed Metal Porcelain Enameled Sanitary Ware, NBS Commercial Standard CS 144-47 Hospital Plumbing Fixtures~ NBS Simplified Practice Recommendation R 106-41 Plumbing Fixtures, Fittings Trim R 227-47 Lavatory and Sink Traps R 21-46 Fiberglass Bathtub Units, USAS Z124.1 - 1967 Fiberglass Shower Receptor and Shower Stall Unit USAS Z124.2 16.1.la Alternate Materials: Sinks and special fixtures may be made of soapstone~ chemical stoneware, or may be lined with lead~ copper-base alloy, nicKel-copper alloy, corrosion-resisting steel or other materials especially suited to the use for which the fixture is intended. 16.1.2 Supply Lines Protected: The supply lines or fittings for every plumbing fixture shall be so installed as to prevent backflow or back siphonage. 16.1.3 Prohibited Fixtures and Connections: Pan, valve, plunger, offset, washout, latrine, frostproof, and other waste closets having an invisible seal or an unventilated space or having walls which are not thoroughly washed at eac~ discharge, are prohibited. Any water closet which might permit siphonage of the -38- contents of the bowl back into the tank shall be prohibited. Floor-type trough ~rinals are prohibited. 16.1.4 Strainers Required: Ail plumbing fixtures, other than water closets and siphon-action washdown or blowout urinals, shall be provided with metal strainers. 16.1.5 Waste-Outlets in Lavatories: Lavatories shall have waste outlets not less than 1-1/4 inches in diameter. Wastes may have open strainers or may be provided with stoppers. 16.1.6 Floor Drains: Floor drains shall have approved metal traps and a minimum water seal of 3 inches and shall be provided with removable strainers. The open area of strainer shall be at least two-thirds of the cross section area of the drain line to which it connects. 16.1.7 Control Valves: Compression stops or globe valves shall be install- ed on hot and cold water supply pipes to lavatories, water closets and other fixtures with exposed supplies. 16.2 WATER CLOSETS 16.2.1 Flush Tank Capacity: Water closet tanks shall have a flushing capacity sufficient to properly flush the water closet bowl. 16.2.2 Float ~[K~: Float valves in tanks shall close tight and provide water to properly refill the trap seal in the bowl. 16.2.3 Close Coupled Tanks: The flush-valve seat in close coupled water closet combinations shall be 1 inch or more above the rim of the bowl, so that the flush valve will close even if the closet trapway is clogged; or any closets with flush valve seats below the rim of the bowl shall be so constructed that in case of trap stoppage~ water will not flow continuously over the rim of the bowl. 16.2.4 Automatic Flush Valves: Flush valves shall be so installed that they will be readily accessible for repairing. When the valve is operated, it shall complete the cycle of operation automatically, opening fully and closing positively under the service pressure. At each operation the valve shall deliver water in sufficient volume and at a rate that will thoroughly flush the fixture and refill the fixture trap. Means shall be provided for regulating flush valve flow. Not more than one fixture shall be served by s single flush valve. 16.3 URINALS 16.3.1 Automatic Flushing Tank~ When Required: Tanks flushing more than one urinal shall be automatic in operation and of sufficient capacity to provide the necessary volume to flush and properly cleanse all urinals simeltaneously. 16.3.2 Urinals Equipped with Flush Valves: Flush valves shall be as pre~ scribed in Section 16.2.4 and no manually operated valve shall be used to flush more than one urinal. Automatic electrically operated flush valves in a battery of urinals may be controlled from one central control device. -39- 16.3.3 Trough Urinals: Trough urinals shall be not less than 6 inches deep and shall be furnished with one-piece backs and have strainers with oetlets at least ]-1/2 inch in diameter. The washdown pipe shall be perforated so as to flush with an even curtain of water against the back of the erinal. This pipe shall be securely clamped as high as practicable to the back of the urinal. Trough urinals with tanks shall have a flushing capacity of not less than 1-1/2 gallons of water for each 2 feet of urinal length. Continuous water flow through perforated washdown pipe may be used to flush trough urinals. 16.3.4 Equivalent Length: Trough urinals shall be figured on the basis of 1 urinal for each 18 inches of length; i.e., 24-inch 36-inch 48-inch 60-inch 72-inch trough equals 1 urinal trough equals 2 urinals trough equals 2 urinals trough equals 3 urinals trough equals 4 urinals 16.3.5 in front of side of the Surrounding Materials: The walls and floor space to a point 1 foot urinal lip and 4 feet above the floor~ and at least 1 foot to each urinal, shall be lined with non-absorbent materials. 16.4 FOOD WASTE GRINDER UNITS AND RESIDENTIAL DISHWASHERS 16.4.1 Disposal Unit: Where a disposal unit is installed in one of the compartments of a two-compartment sink, the disposal unit shall discharge dir- ectly into the trap and a continuous waste may be used for the other compartment. 16.4.2 Residential Dishwashers: A dishwasher which drains by gravity and is directly connected to the drainage system shall be provided with a separate trap. Dishwashers having drainage pumps may discharge into the waste outlet pip- ing of an adjacent sink by means of a Y-branch fitting on the inlet side of the sink trap. It may also connect to the opening provided in a disposal unit pro- vided that the pump discharge line rises to an elevation of at least as high as the underside of the sink rim or counter. 16.5 DRINKING FOUNTAINS 16.5.1 Design and Installation: The jet of the fountain should issue from a nozzle of non-oxidizing, impervious material set at an angle from the vertical such as to prevent the return of water in the jet to the orifice or orifices from whence the jet issues. The nozzle and every other opening in the water pipe or conductor leading to the nozzle should be above the edge of the bowl, so that such nozzle or opening cannot be flooded in case a drain from the bowl of the fountain becomes clogged. The end of the nozzle should be protected by non- oxidizing guards to prevent the mouth and nose of the user from coming into con- tact with the nozzle. 16.5.2 Protection of Water Supply: Stream projectors shall be so assembled as to provide an orifice elevation as specified by ANSI A40.4 and ANSI A40.6. -40- 16.6 SHOWt ~(ECEPTORS AND COMPARTblENTS 16.6-] Shower-Pan Required: All shower compartments except approved fac- tory ceceptors, and those built directly on the ground, shall have a properly protected pan of lead, copper or approved equal. The pan shall turn up on all sides at least 4 inches above the finished floor level or 3 inches above finished curb level whichever is the highest. Drain fittings shall be so constructed that the pan may be securely fastened to the drain fitting at the seepage entrance making a water-tight joint between the pan and the drain. Shower receptacle waste out]ets shall be not less than 2 inches in diameter and have removable 16.1~.2 On the Ground: Shower receptors built on the ground shall be con- structed from dense non-absorbent and non-corrosive materials and shall have smooti~ i~}erv~ous s~irfaces, or as provided in Paragraph 16.6.1 16.7 SPECIAL FIXTURES 16.7.1 Specialties; Baptistries, ornamental and lily pools, aquaria, ornamental fountain basins and similar constructions, when provided with water supplies, shall be protected from back-siphonage as required in Paragraph 19.2 or 19.3. Specialties requiring water and waste connections shall be submitted for approval of the Inspector. CHAPTER 17 HANGERS AND SUPPORTS 17.1 STRAIN AND STRESSES 17.1.1 General: Piping in a plumbing system shall be installed without undue strains and stresses, and provision shall be made for expansion, contrac- tion, and structural settlement. 17.2 VERTICAL PIPING 17.2.1 Attachment: Vertical piping shall be secured at sufficiently close intervals to keep the pipe in alignment and carry the weight of the pipe and contents. 17.2.2 Cast-Iron Soil Pipe: Cast-iron soil pipe shall be supported at not less than at every story height and at its base. 17.2.3 Screwed Pipe: Screwed pipe (IPS) shall be supported at not less than every other story height. ]7.2.~ Copper T~bing: Copper tubing shall be supported at each story for piping 1-]/2 inches and over and at not more than 4-foot intervals for 1-1/2 inches and smaller. 17.2.5 Plastic Pipe: Plastic pipe shall be supported at each story for pipe 2 inches or larger and at not more than 4 feet intervals for pipe 1 1/2 inches or smaller. 17.3 HORIZONTAL PIPING 17.3.1 Supports: Horizontal piping shall be supported st sufficiently close intervals to keep it in alignment and prevent sagging. -41- 17~3.2 ~ast Iron Soil Pip~: Cast iron soil pipe shall b~ ~upported at not more than 5' intervals on 5' pipe or 10' intervals on 10' pipe. 17~3.3 Screwed Pipe: Screwed pipe (IPS) shall be supported at approxi- mately 10-foot intervals. 17.3.4 Copper Tubing: Copper tubing shall be supported at approximately 6-foot zntervals for piping 1-1/2 inches and smaller and 10-foot intervals for piping 2 inches and larger. 17.3.5 Lead Pipe: Lead pipe shall be supported by strips or otherwise for its entire length. 17.3.6 Plastic Pipe: Plastic piping shall be supported at not more than 4 teet intervals. 17.3.7 In Ground: Piping in the ground shall be laid on a firm bed for its entire length, except where support is otherwise provided which is adequate iR the judgment of the P]umbing Inspector. 17.3.8 Pipe .in qoncrete: All pipes in concrete or masonry beams, walls, etc. shall be installed in chases or recesses which will permit repair or re- placement. CHAPTER 18 INDIRECT WASTE PIPING AND SPECIAL WASTES 18.1 SPECIAL WASTES 18.1.1 Food Handling: Establishments engaged in the storaRe, preparation, selling~ serving~ processing, or otherwise handling of food shall have the waste piping from all refrigerators, ice boxes, cooling or refrigerating coils, steam tables~ egg boilers, coffee ~rns or similar equipment discharge indirectly into a sink or receptor and the waste o~tlet shall terminate at least 2 inches above the flood rim of such sink or receptor. 18.1.2 Connection: Indirect waste connections shall be provided for drains, overflows, or relief vents from the water supply system or air conditioning units. Condensate water may connect to a sink, lavatory or other equal fixture drain above the trap. 18.1.3 Sterile Materials~ Appliances, devices, or apparatus such as sterilizers~ stills, and similar equipment requiring water and waste connections and used for sterile material, shall be indirectly connected or provided with an air gap between the trap and the appliance. 18.1.4 Drips: Appliances~ devices, or apparatus not regularly classed as plumbing fixtures but which have drips or drainage eutlets~ shall be drained by indirect waste pipes discharging into an open receptacle. Condensate waste from residential air conditioning units may drain into a flower bed or other o~t-of- the way place, or may connect to a sink, lavatory or other like fixture drain on the house side of~ and above, the trap. 18.1.5 Commercial Dishwashing Mmchines: Dishwashing machines, except those in private living quarters or dwelling units~ shall be connected as provided in Paragraph 15.1. 18.1.6 Acid Wastes: Acid and chemical waste pipes shall be of materials unaffected by s~ch wastes. All acid and chemical wastes shall be neutralized by passing through a properly constructed and acceptable dilution or neutralizing -42 - device. Such device shall be provided with an automatic intake of diluting water or neutralizing medium so as to make the waste non-injurious before being dis- charged into the sewage system. Details of the nature of the corrosive liquid and the proposed method of treating it must be submitted to and accepted by the Plumbing Inspector before installation. Vent pipes shall also be of acid resis- ting ~aterial. 18.2 LENGTH OF INDIRECT PIPING 18.2.1 Waste Pipe: Any indirect waste pipe exceeding 4 feet in length shall be trapped. t8.2.2 Length Limitation: The maximum length of an unvented indirect waste pipe shall be 15 feet. ]8.2.3 Access for Cleaning: Indirect waste piping shall be so installed as to permit ready access for flushing and cleansing. CHAPTER 19 WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION 19.1 QUALITY OF WATER SL~PLY 19.1.1 Potable Water: Potable water is water which is satisfactory for drinking, culinary and domestic purposes and meets the requirements of the Health Authority having jurisdiction. 19.1.2 Acc. eptable Sources: Where a public supply of potable water is not available, requirements satisfactory to the Governing Authority shall prevail. 19.1.3 Non-Potable Water: Non-Potable water may be used for flushing water closets, urinals and other fixtures not requiring potable water, provided such water shall not be accessible for drinking or culinary purposes. 19.1.4 Identification of Piping: Ail piping conveying non-potable water shall be adequately identified by a durable yellow coloring paint so that it can be readily distinguished from piping carrying potable water. (See ANSI 253-1- 1953 Safety Color Code for Marking Physical Hazards.) 19.1.5 Cross Connections: Potable water-supply piping, water-discharge outlets~ backflow-prevention devices or similar equipment shall not be located so as to make possible their submergence in any contaminated or polluted liquid or substance. 19.1.6 Approval of Devices: Before any device for the prevention of back- flow or back siphonage is installed, it shall have first been certified as meet- ing the requirements and test as required for backflow preventers ANSI A40.6. Devices installed in a potable water supply for protection against backflow shall be maintained in good working condition by the person or persons having control of such devices. The Inspector may inspect such devices and, if found to be defective or inoperative, shall require the replacement or repair thereof. 19.2 PREVENTION OF BACKFLOW BY AIR GAP 19o2.1 Provision for Air Gap: The water distribution system shall be pro- -43 - tected agai~ backflow. Every water outlet shall be protecte~ rom backflow, where possible, by having the discharge end elevated to provide a "minimum re- quired air gap" as defined in ASA A40 8-1955 and illustrated in Figure 4. Where it is not possible to provide a minimum air gap, the water outlet shall be equip- ped with an accessible located backflow preventer complying with requirements as stated in Paragraph 19.1.6 above, installed on the discharge side of the manual control valve. 19.3 VACUUM BREAKERS AND AIR GAPS 19.3.1 Flush Valves: Flush valves shall be equipped with an approved vacuum breaker. The vacuum breaker shall be installed on the discharge side of the flushing valve with the critical level at least 4 inches above the over- flow rim of the bowl. 19.3.2 Trough Urinals: Trough urinals shall be equipped with an approved vacuum breaker installed on the discharge side of the last valve and not less than 30 inches above the spray pipe. 19.3.3 Flushing Tanks: Flushing tanks shall be equipped with an approved ball-cock. The ball-cock shall be installed with the critical level of the vacuum breaker at least 1/2 inch above the full opening of the overflow pipe. In cases where the ball-cock has no hush tube, the bottom of the water supply inlet shall be installed 1 inch above the full opening of the overflow pipe. Figure 4 19.3.4 Lawn ~prinklers: Lawn sprinkler systems shall be equipped with an approved vacuum breaker on the discharge side of each of the last valves. The vacuum breaker shall be at least 6 inches above the highest head and at no time less than 6 inches above the surrounding ground. Where combination control val- ves and backflow preventers are installed, the bottom of the valve shall consti- tute the bottom of the backflow preventer. 19.3.5 Fixtures with Hose Attachments: Fixtures with hose attachments shall be protected by an approved vacuum breaker installed 6 inches above the highest point of usage and on the discharge side of the valve. Except that vacuum breakers on residential spring-loaded hose and spray attachments are not required. 19.3.6 Steam and Water Heating Boilers, Heat Exchangers etc: A backflow preventive device which will automatically vent to atmosphere shall be installed in the water supply line to all steam and hot water boilers and heat exchangers etc. that are supplied from the potable water system. This device shall prevent back flow should the supply pressure be lower than the pressure in the heating system. The device shall be constructed of brass or bronze materials and shall -44- have double ~ated spring loaded soft disc check members separa d by an inter- mediate air break chamber, and shall have sufficient flow capacity to satisfy all requirements of the equipment served. Discs and/or diaphragms shall be of silicone rubber capable of withstanding water to 200°F. and will not stick to their seats after prolonged seating. The device shall be suitable for pressure up to 150 PSI and capable of working with a back pressure from 1 to 75 PSI without leaking. Devices shall be certified as meeting these requirements as well as the applicable sections of ASSE Standards 1001 and ANSI A-40.6 to the Inspection Authority. 19.3.7 Swimming Pools: Swimming pool water supply shall be protected by means of an adequate air gap. 19.3.8 Cooling Water Systems: Potable water supplies to water cooling towers (for air conditioning and/or refrigerators, or other like systems) shall be protected by means of approved and properly installed~ backflow preventors or adequate air gaps. 19.3.9 Private Water Supply: No private water supply shall be inter- connected with the public water system. 19.4 WATER DISTRIBUTION PIPING AND FITTINGS 19.4.1 Ymterials: Materials for water pipes shall be brass, copper, cast iron, wrought iron, open hearth iron, steel, PVC plastic or ABS with appropriate, approved fittings. All threaded ferrous pipe and fittings shall be galvanized (zinc coated) inside and outside. Under ground connections between ferrous and non-ferrous pipe shall be made only through an approved dielectric insulating type of coupling, union, or connector. 19.4.2 Selection of Materials: When selecting the material and size for water supply pipe, tubing, or fittings, due consideration shall be given to the action of the water on the interior and to the soil, fill or other material on the exterior of the pipe. No material that would produce toxic conditions in a potable water supply system shall be used for piping, tubing, or fittings. 19.4.3 Inaccessible Pipes: Inaccessible water piping in or under floor slabs shall be minimum weight Type L, or better, copper tubing. Copper piping shall be continuous through the floor having no fittings or joints below the surface of the floor. 19.4.4 Used Piping: No piping material that has been used for other than a potable water supply system shall be re-used in the potable water supply sys- 19.4.5 Underground Stop and Waste Prohibited: The installation of stop and waste valves below grade is prohibited. 19.4.6 Tank Controls: Supply lines taken from pressure or gravity tanks shall be valved at or near their source. 19.4.7 Water Heating Equipment: A shut-off valve shall be provided in the cold water branch line to each water tank or each water heater. 19.4.8 Water Service Pipe: The water service pipe from the street main to the water distribution system for the building shall be of sufficient size to furnish an adequate flow of water to meet the requirements of the building at -45- peak demand,! d in no case shall be less than 3/4 inch nominal ameter from main to point of first building outlet or branch take-off. 19.4.9 Sizing: The sizing of the water distribution system shall conform to good engineering practice in accordance with the following Table. The minimum size of a fixture supply pipe shall be as provided in the following Table. Type of Fixture or Device Bath Tubs Combination Sink and Tray Drinking Fountain Dishwasher (domestic) Kitchen Sink, residential Kitchen Sink, commercial Lavatory Laundry Tray, 1, 2, or 3 compartments Shower (single-head) Sinks (Serv., slop) Sinks Flushing Rim Urinal (flush tank) Urinal (direct flush valve) Water Closet (tank type) Water Closet (flush valve type) Hose Bibbs Wall Hydrant Minimum Pipe Size (Inches} 1/2 ~/2 3/8 1/2 1/2 3/4 3/8 1/2 1/2 1/2 3/4 1/2 3/4 3/8 1 1/2 1/2 For fixtures not listed, the minimum supply branch may be made the same as for a comparable fixture. 19.4.10 Separation from Drain and Sewer: Except as permitted in Paragraph 19.4.11, the underground water-service pipe and the building drain or building sewer shall be not less than 10 feet apart horizontally and shall be separated by undisturbed or compacted earth. 19.4.11 When Separation Not Required: Where the water-service pipe is 2 inches in diameter, or less, the water-service pipe may be placed in the same trench with the building sewer and/or building drain if construction conditions make it necessary. Provided the bottom of the water-service pipe at all points, shall be at least 12 inches above the top of the sewer at its highest point. The water service pipe shall be placed on a solid shelf excavated at one side of the common trench. The number of joints in the water-service pipe shall be kept to a minimum. The materials and joints of sewer and water-service pipe shall be installed in such manner and shall possess the necessary strength and durability to prevent the escape of solids, liquids~ and gases, therefrom, under all'known adverse conditions such as corrosion, strains due to temperature changes, settle- ment, vibrations, and superimposed loads. I9.4.12 Water Supply Control: An approved shut-off valve shall be install- ed in the water-service pipe on the property side of the meter and protected by an approved enclosure with a removable cover. 19.4.13 Provision for Draining System: Ail water piping in pier and beam construction shall be installed as illustrated. -46- Piping t~ grade to. l ow po,nt Riser Figure 5 !q.4.1A Insulation: Riser to be insulated with approved type insulation from below frost line to 10ottom of top 90° ell. 19.5 WATER HEATERS 19.5.1 Temperature and Pressure Relief Valve: Ail water heaters shall be protected w~th a combination temperature and pressure relief valve installed in the hot water outlet side of the tank or in opening provided for it in top of tank. The temperature sensing element shall be immersed in the water within the upper 6 inches of the storage tank. 19.5.2 Water Heat. ing Equipment: A shut-off valve shall be installed in the cold water supply to each water heater and/or storage tank. Valve shall be near equipment served and readily accessible. 19.5.3 Relief Valve Discharge: The discharge pipe from the temperature and pressure relief valve shall be the same size as the discharge outlet of the valve and shall continue undiminished in size to its termination. This pipe shall be installed to a grade that will allow the entire line to be drained and shall extend to the outside of the building approximately 12 inches above ground. Any deviation from this provision must be approved by the Plumbing Inspector. 19.5.4 Approvals: Temperature and pressure relief valves which have been tested and approved by, or meet the specification requirements of the American Gas Association, the Underwriter's Laboratories, Inc., er other recognized ap- proval authori~ies~ shall be considered acceptable. 19.5.5 Pressure Marking of Storage Tank: Any storage tank hereafter in- stalled for domestic hot water shall have clearly and indelibly stamped in the the metal, or so marked upon a plate welded thereto, or otherwise permanently attached, the maximum allowable working pressure. Such markings shall be in accessible position outside of the tank so as to make inspection or re-inspection readily possible. All storage tanks for domestic hot water shall meet the ap- plicable ASME standards. 20.1 GENERAL 20.1.1 Materials: cHAPTER 20 DRAINAGE SYSTEM Pipe, tubing and fittings for drainage systems shall comply with the provisions of Chapter 12 of this Code. Above ground piping with- in buildings and piping in raceways or tunnels shall be of cast iron, galvanized open-hearth iron, galvanized steel SCH.40, lead, brass, copper pipe, hard copper tube~ or Type PVC or type ABS plastic pipel All materials must conform to the requirements of the Materials and Use Table on Page 27 and the several applicable standards l~sted on pages 28 thru 31. Ail plastic pipe shall be installed in strict accordance with insnructions contained in CS 270-65, for ABS, and CS272- 65 for PVC and/or the manufacturer's specifications. 20.1.2 Underground Piping Within Buildings: Ail such piping shall be cast- iron soil pipe, type DWV, or better, copper, PVC or ABS plastic, conforming to requirements of 20.1.1. 20.1.3 Fittings: Fittings on the drainage system shall conform to the type of piping used. Fittings on screwed pipe shall be of the recessed drainage type. 20.1.4 Alignment and Grade: Horizontal drainage pipe shall be run in practical alignment at a uniform grade. 20.2 BUILDING SEWER 20.2.1 Separate Trenches: The building sewer shall be installed in a separate trench from the water-service pipe, except as permitted in paragraph 19.4.11 and shall be cast-iron sewer pipe, vitrified-clay sewer pipe, bituminized-fiber sewer pipe, asbestos-cement sewer pipe, plastic sewer pipe or type DWV, or better, copper tube. Joints shall be watertight and rootproof. All materials shall be in- stalled in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations. 20.2.2 One Trench: The bu lding sewer, when installed in the same trench with the water-service pipe, as permitted in paragraph 19.4.11, shall be con- structed of durable materials which are corrosion-resistant and shall be so in- stalled as to remain watertight and root-proof. The building sewer shall be tested with a 10-foot head of water or equivalent and found to be tight. 20.2.3 Bituminized-Fiber Pipe: When bituminized-fiber pipe is used, it shall be installed in strict accordance with the manufacturer's specifications and ASTM Standards D-2316-69. 20.2.4 Plastic Pipe: Use of plastic pipe shall be limited to that speci- fied in Materials and Use Table on page 27 and shall conform to and be install- ed as required by the applicable standards listed on pages 28 through 31. 20.2.5 Filled or Unstable Ground: A building sewer or building drain in- stalled in filled or unstable ground shall be of cast-iron pipe, except that non-metallic drains may be laid upon an approved concrete pad if installed in accordance with 20.2.1. 20.2.6 Depth of Building Sewer: Building sewers must be installed with a minimum of 12 inches of cover. Where conditions prohibit the required amount of cover~ cast-iron soil pipe with caulked or approved mechanical joints must be used, unless other means of protecting the pipe is provided. 20.3 DRAINAGE PIPING INSTALLATION 20.3.1 Uniform Grade: Horizontal drainage piping shall be installed at a uniform slope or grade as follows: -48- Small Piping: Horizontal drainage piping of 3-inch diameter and less shall be installed with a fall of not less than 1/4 inches per foot. Large Piping: Horizontal drainage piping larger than 3-inch diameter shall be installed with a fall of not less than 1/8 inch per foot. Minimum Velocity: Where conditions do not permit building drains and sewers to be laid with a fall as great as that specified, then a lesser slope may be permitted provided the computed velocity will not be less than 2 feet per second. NOTE: Ta~:]o ]) gives ~ppro~'f~to flo,~ velocity of se~agc for given slopes and nipe diameters. D. FLOU ~IDCITIES Dia. of Pi~ 1/16TM ra]]/ft. ~/~" fall/ft. ]/4~ fall/ft. 1/2" fall/rt. INCHE~ los fps Fps fps l~ 1.61 1% ].2A 1.76 2.45 o 1.02 1.44 2?)3 2.88 2!; 1.14 ].61 2.28 ~.23 3 1.24 1.76 2.4~ 3.53 4 1.g4 2.03 2.88 4.07 5 1.61 2.2~ /.23 4.56 6 1.76 2.4q 3.53 5.00 3 2.03 2.3~ 6.07 5.75 Iq 2.25 3.2~ 6.56 6.64 20.4 FIXTURE UNIT VALUES 20.4.1 Use of Fixture Unit Value: Fixture unit values as given in Para- graph 20.4.2 designate the relative load factor of different kinds of fixtures which shall be employed in estimating the total load carried by a soil or waste pipe and shall be used in connection with the tables of sizes for soil, waste, and drain pipes for which the permissible load is given in terms of fixture units. - 49 - 20.4.2 Table of Fixture Unit Value: Fixture Type Bathroom group consisting of water closet, lavatory, and bathtub or shower stall Bathtub*(1) (with or without overhead shower) ............ Bidet ......................... Combination sink and tray ..... Combination sink-and-tray with food disposal unit .......... Dental unit or cuspidor ....... Dental lavatory ............... Drinking fountain ............. Dishwasher, *(2) domestic ..... Floor drains *(3) ............. Kitchen sink, domestic ........ Kitchen sink, domestic, with food-disposal unit .......... Lavatory *(4) ................. Lavatory ...................... Lavatory, barber, beauty parlpr ...................... Lavatory, surgeon's ........... Laundry tray (1 or 2 compart- ments) ...................... Shower stall, domestic ........ Showers (group) per head ...... Sinks Surgeon's ................... Flushing rim (with valve)... Service (trap standard) ..... Service (P trap) Pot, scullery, etc. *(2) .... Urinal, pedestal, syphon jet, blowout ................ Urinal, wall lip .............. Urinal stall, washout ......... Urinal trough *(2) (each 2-foot section) .................... Wash sink *(2) (circular or multiple, each set of faucets ..................... Water closet: Tank operated ............... Valve-operated .............. Fixture-unit Value As Load Factor (Tank water closet ......... 6 (Flush-valve water closet...8 Minimum Size of Trap (Inches) 2 1-1/2 3 Nominal 1-1/2 3 1-1/2 Separate 4 traps 1-1/2 1/2 1-1/4 1 i-1/4 112 2 1-1/2 1 2 2 1-1/2 3 1-1/2 1 Small PO 1-1/4 2 Large PO 1-1/2 2 1~1/2 2 1-1/2 2 1-1/2 2 2 3 3 1-1/2 8 3 3 3 2 2 4 1-1/2 8 Nominal 3 4 1-1/2 4 2 2 1-112 2 Nominal 1-1/2 4 Nominal 3 8 3 - 50 - *(I) A shower head over a bathtub does not increase the fixture value. *(2) See Paragraph 20.4.3 for method of computing unit value of fixtures not listed in Table 20.4.2 or for rating of devices with intermittent flows. *(3) Size of floor drain shall be determined by the area of surface water to be drained. *(4) Lavatories with 1-1/4 or 1-1/2 inch traps have the same load value; large P.O. plugs have greater flow rate. 20.~.3 Fixtures Not Listed in Paragraph 20.4.2: Paragraph 20.4.2 shall be estimated as follows: Fixture Drain or Trap Size Fixtures not listed in Fixture Fixture Drain Fixt~re Unit Value or Trap Size Unit Value 1-1/4 inches and smaller .... 1 1-1/2 inches ................ 2 2 inches ............ 3 2-1/2 inches .......... 4 3 inches .......... 5 4 inches .......... 6 20.5 DETERMINATION OF SIZES FOR THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM 20.5.1 Maximum Fixture-Unit Load: The ~aximum number of fixture-unit units that may be connected to a given size of building sewer, building drain~ horizontal branch, or vertical soil or waste stack is given in Paragraph 20.5.2 and 20.5.5. 20.5.2 Table of Building Drains and Sewers: Maximum number of fixture- units that may be connected to any portion *(1) of the building drain or the building sewer: Fall Per Foot Diameter of Pipe (Inches) 1/16 inch 1/8 inch 1/4 inch 1/2 inch 2 ..................................................... 21 20 2-1/2 ................................................. 24 31 3 ........................................... 20.(3) 27~(2) 36*(2) 4 .......................................... 180 216 250 5 .......................................... 390 480 575 6 .......................................... 700 840 1,000 8 ................................ 1,400 1,600 1,920 2,300 10 ................................ 2,500 2,900 3,500 4,200 12 ................................ 3,900 4,800 5,600 6,700 ~(1) Includes branches of the building drain. ~(2) Not over 2 water closets. ~(3) Water Closets not permitted. - 51 - 20.5.3 Minimum Size of Soil and Waste Stacks: No soil or waste stack shall be smaller than the largest horizontal branch connected thereto except that a 4 X 3 W.C. connection shall not be considered as a reduction in pipe size. 20.5.4 Minimum Size of Stack Vent or Vent Stack: Any structure in which a building drain is installed shall have at least one vent stack carried full size through the roof not less than 3 inches in diameter. Said stack to be located in bath room most remote from building sewer. 20.5.5 Table of Horizontal Fixture Branches: Diameter of Pipe (Inches) l-l/4 1 1-1/2 3 2 5*(3) 2-1/2 9*(3) 3 16'(2) 4 120 5 300 6 580 8 1,200 10 2,500 12 3,900 Maximum Number of Fixtures Units That May Be Connected To: Up to 3 stories in height Over 3-stories in height Any horizontal *(1) fix- Total at 1-story or ture branch branch interval 1 2 4*(3) 7*(3) 12'(2) 90 200 35O 600 1,000 1,500 *(1) Does not include branches of the building drain line. *(2) Not over two water closet. *(3) Water closets not permitted. 20.5.6 Stack Loading and Vent Requirements Table: 20.5.6a Stack and Vent Diameter Plus Length of Vent (1 to 3 stories in height) Stack Loading Size of Soil Fixture or Waste Line Units (Inches) Connected Diameter of Vent Required (Inches) 1-1/4 1-1/2 2 2-1/2 3 4 5 6 8 Maximum Total Length of Vent (Feet) 2 10'(3) 30 75 200 3 30*(2) 60 200 500 4 240 30 190 250 900 5 540 30 70 300 900 6 960 24 100 250 1,000 8 2,200 30 80 350 1,100 [0 3,800 30 80 350 - 52 - *(1) Twenty percent of the above total length may be installed in a horizontal position. *(2) Not more than 2 water closets may be installed on a three-inch line. *~3) Water closets not permitted. 20.5.6b Stack and Vent Diameter Plus Length of Vent (Over 3 stories in height) Stack L~ading Size of Soil Fixture or Waste Line Units (Inches) Connected 2 24*(3) 3 60*(2) 4 5O0 5 1,100 6 1,900 8 3,600 10 5,600 i2 8,400 Diameter of Vent Required <Inches) 1-1/4 1-1/2 2 2-1/2 3 4 5 8 10 Maximum Total Length of Vent (Feet? 2O 3O 150 50 80 400 20 70 180 700 20 50 200 20 70 25 700 200 700 60 250 800 25 60 250 500 25 60 2%0 General: Vent lines are to be no smaller than one pipe size less than the fixture trap being served, and in no case less than one and one quarter (1-1/4) inches. All water closet revents are to be no less than 2 inches in size. *(1) Twenty percent of the above total vent length may be installed in a horizontal position. *(2) Not more than 6 water closets may be installed on a 3-inch stack. *(3) No water closets permitted. CHA~ ~ER 21 VENTS AND VENTING 21.1 GENERAL REQUIREMA~NTS 21.1.1 Vent Pipe Material: Vent pipe material shall conform to the re- quirements of Table 12.1.4 except that material shall be the same as that re- quired for waste or soil pipe to a point not less than 6 inches above highest fixture on the stack. Acid vent pipe material shall be the same as that requir- ed for acid waste and the acid vent system shall not connect to sanitary vent system but shall extend separately through the roof. 21.1.2 Underground: Vent piping placed underground shall be cast iron~ bard copper tube or plastic pipe~ Type ABS or PVC. All materials to conform to the requirements of the applicable standards listed on pages 28 through 31. All plastic pipe to be installed in accordance with the instructions in CS 270-65 for ABS and CS 272-65 for PVC. - 53 - 21.1.3 Main Stack: Every building in which plumbing is installed shall have at least one main stack~ which shall run undiminished in size or 3 inches, whichever is the lesser, and as directly as possible, from the building drain through to the open air above the roof. 21.1.4 Vent Terminals: Extensions of vent pipes through a roof shall be terminated at least 10 inches above it except that whare a roof is to be used for any purpose other than weather protection~ the vent extension shall be run at least 6 feet above the roof~ and shall be anchored to the construction in a manner approved as safe by the Inspector. 21.1.5 Location of Vent Terminal: No vent terminal from a drainage system shall be directly beneath any door, window, or other ventilating opening of the building or of an adjacent building nor shall any such vent terminal be within 10 feet horizontally of such an opening unless it is at least 2 feet above the top of such opening. 21.1.6 Flashings: Joints at the roof around vent pipes shall be made watertight by the use of flashings. Such flashings shall be made of lead, copper or other approve~ materials. 21.1.7 Flag Poling: Vent terminals shall not be used for the purpose of flag poling~ T.V. aerials, or similar purposes. 21.1.8 Vent Grades and Connections: Ail vent and branch vent pipes shall be so graded and connected as to drip back to the soil or waste pipe by gravity. 21.1.9 Vertical Rise: Where vent pipes connect to a horizontal soil or waste pipe, the vent shall be taken off above the center line of the soil pipe, and the vent pipe shall rise vertically, or at an angle not more than 45 degrees from the vertical, to a point at least 6 inches above the flood-level rim of the fixture it is venting before offsetting horizontally or before connecting to the branch vent. Exceptions to this provision are floor drains and "P" traps installed under floors. 21.1.10 Height Above Fixtures: A connection between a vent pipe and a vent stack or stack vent shall be made at least 6 inches above the flood-level rim of the highest fixture served by the vent. Horizontal vent pipes forming branch vents~ relief vents, or loop vents shall be at least 6 inches above the flood- level rim of the highest fixture served. Island sinks where traps are to be inaccessible may be installed with 2-inch, deep-seal P-traps below floor and vented with 2-inch pipe to wall with cleanout. 21.1,11 Bar and Soda Fountain Sink Wastes: Where the location and/or con- struction of bars, soda fountains or counters make the venting of the sink traps unfea$ible~ sinks shall waste into a floor sink or drain that is properly trapp- ed and vented. 21.1.12 Fixtures Back-to-Back: Two fixtures set back-to-back, within the distance allowed between a trap and its vent, may be served with one continuous vent pipe, provided that each fixture wastes separately into an approved double- fitting having inlet openings at the same level. (See Paragraph 21.6.3) While Paragraph 21.6.3 states "fixtures set back-to-back," fixtures set side-by-side also come under its provision. - 54 - 21.1.13 Trap Seal Protection: The plumbing system shall be provided with a system of vent piping which will permit the admission or emission of air so tha~ under normal and intended use the seal of any fixture trap shall not be sub- jected to a pressure differential of more than 1 inch of water. 21.1.14 Trap Dip: The vent pipe opening from a soil or waste pipe, except for water closets and similar fixtures, shall not be below the weir of the trap. 21.1.15 Crown Vent Prohibited: No crown vent shall be used nor shall any vent connection be made within 2 pipe diameters of the trap weir. 21.1.16 Determining Length of Vent Stacks: The length of the vent stack or main vent shall be its developed length from the lowest connection of the vent system with the soil stack, waste stack or building drain to the vent stack terminal, if it terminates separately in the open air, or to the connection of the vent stack with the stack vent, plus the developed length of the stack vent from the connection to the terminal in the open air, if the two vents are con- nected together with a single extension to the open air and shall comply with requirements of Table 21.6.5. 21.2 FIXTURE TRAP VENTS 21.2.1 Distance of Trap From Vent: Each fixture trap shall have a pro- tecting vent so located that the slope and the developed length of the fixture drain from the trap weir to the vent fitting are within the limitations set forth in Paragraph 21.2.2, except that water closets, and similar fixtures, shall not be more than 5'-0" developed length, measured from the top of the floor flange to the inner edge of the vent. See Figure C below. 21.2.2 Distance of Fixture Trap From Vent Table: Size of Fixture Drain (Inches) Feet Inches Max. Slope per Foot 1-1/4 2 6 1/4" 1-1/2 3 6 1/4" 2 5 0 1/4" 3 6 0 1/4" 4 10 0 1/4" 21.2o3 Hydraulic Gradient and Developed Length: Figure A, below, illus- trates both the hydraulic gradient principle and the method of measuring dis- tance from trap to vent. A fixture drain which slopes more than one pipe dia- meter between the vent opening and the trap weir has a greater tendency to self- siphon the trap seal than a fixture drain installed at a slope of not more than one pipe diameter. Figure B, below, illustrates how to. measure the developed length of a drain from the weir' of a fixture trap to a vent opening, including an offset. This developed length, should not exceed the developed lengths shown in Paragraph 21.2.2. Figure C, below, shows typical rough-in for water closet. Distance from fixture outlet A, to L of bend not to exceed 24 inches. Developed length from A to stack B, or vented line, not to exceed 60 inches. - 55 - i V~ent Pipe Opening One Pipe Diameter -Hydraulic Gradient pWeir Fi, gure,A Figure B Figure C 21.3 COMMON VENT DEFINED 21.3,1 This is a vent connecting at the junction of two fixture drains and servicing as a vent for both fixtures. An individual vent installed vertically may be converted to a common vent for two fixture traps when both fixture drains connect with a vertical drain at the same level, Fixture I Fixture Fixture ~ ~ Fixture Dotted lines represent common vents { Fixtures ~ Fixtures - 56 - 21.4 WET VENTING AND STACK VENTING 21.4.1 Single Bathroom Groups: A single bathroom group of fixtures may be installed with the drain from a back-vented lavatory, kitchen sink, or combina- tion fixture serving as a wet vent for a bathtub or shower stall and for the water closet, provided: Ao Not more than 4 fixture units drain into a 2-inch diameter wet vent. B. The horizontal branch connects to the stack at the same level as the water closet drain, or below the water closet drain when in- stalled on the top floor. It may also connect to the water closet bend. See diagram below, and diagrams on pages 57, 58, and 59. 21.4.2 Examples Showing Approved Wet Vent Installations: ] 3" Stack Vent Lay 1 ! Tub Shower 71oil Stack I~.. 3" Stack Vent 2" Branch Vent Lay. 1 ~"~-~ ~ 3" --~ ,~ 1 [ Sink 3" Soil Stack - 57 - 2[.4,3 Wet Ve~ ng Examples: 3" W.C. 3" Stack Vent 2" Branch Vent I I Sink with Dis- ~ ~ posal Lav. ik"l 2" Tub or Shower ;"~"~'3" Soil Stack Lav. 1%" Sell Stack Stack Vent Lav. 1 ~" Tub or ~ 3" Shower 2" Soil S~ 3" San. Tee with 2" side inlet Stack Vent Sink 1~" ' 3" San. Tee with 2" ~ide inlet 1~( 3" Stack Vent 3" W.C. ----~ Soil Stack----~ Sink with Disposal k~ ~" 1%" ~-'X'JTub or Shower 2" 3" San. Tee with 2" side inlet -58- 21.4.4 Wet Venting and Stack Venting Limitation: A drawing of any wet vented or stack vented installation which differs from the examples shown in Paragraph 21.4.2 and Paragraph 21.4.3 shall be submitted to the Inspector for review and approval prior tc inatallation. 21.4.5 Multi-Story Bathroom Groups: On the lower floors of a multi-story building~ the waste pipe from 1 or 2 lavatories may be used as a wet vent for 1 or 2 bathtubs or showers provided that: A. The wet vent and its extension to the vent stack is not less than 2 inches in diameter. See Paragraph 21.4.6 B. Each water closet b~zlow the top floor is individually back vented. C. The vent stack is sized as given in Paragraph 21.4.7 below. 21.4.6 Multi-Story Wet Venting: Typical Bathroom Plan NOTE: This arrangement may be continued to any number of floors provided all W.C.s be- low top floors are revented as shown on first floor, all lays. are vented as shown on second floor~ and pipes are sized in accordance with requirements of Tables 20.5.2, 20.5.6a and 20.5.6b. Through Roof ~o or Connect to ~ ~.~ ~ Main Stack '~P~ Revent-- 1½"~ rub 3"x3"x3" San. Tee with double 2" side openings ELEVATION Typical Two-Story Wet Venting -59- Lava tory Lavator~ 3II W.C. (Wet vented ~.~ ~ by Lay.) 3"x 3"x 3"x 2" side inlet W.C. (Wet vented by Lav.) Brought to Ac- cessible location ~~ .a~2" (1¥' Copper) All Connections be- tween vents must be at least 6 inches above highest fixture on either etack. _Tub or Shower ~,.._2" (1¥' Copper) ~.~r....~Tub or Sho~er ~ 2" TYPICAL TWO-STORY WET VENTING -60- _ Branch or revent shall connect to ~in vent at least 6 inches above flood-level rim of top fixture Lav. ~.~..~ ~ Tub or Shower Tub and W.C. connect to stack at same level. Both wet vented by Lavatory Lay. This line must ~..~.~ be sized in ac- cordance with pro- visions of Table 20.5.2. ~Tub or Shower -- -~'~ ~' no more than two W.C. waste ~ into it and the total num- ~ bet of fixture units do ~ not exceed provisions ~ of 20.5.2. TYPICAL TWO-STORY STACK VENTING -61 - Lay. W.C. ---~'~ W.c.(Wet vented by ~. minor fixtures) Tub or Shower 3 x 2 Reducer ( Lav. ~ ~ , (Wet vented by ~ ~ ~.j W.C. minor fixtures) tends to receive 1~' ---~ 4" waste from t~o ~3" ~ Tub or tubs or showers. ~ Shower These to be roughed ~ similar to ~wo shown. TYPICAL TWO-STORY ~ACK-TO-BACK BATH INSTALLATION Ail branch or revents to con- nect to main vent at least 6 inches above flood-level rim of highest fix- ture. -62- 2].4.7 Size of Vent Stacks: Number of Wet-Vented Fixtures 1 or 2 bathtubs or showers 3 to 5 bathtubs or showers 6 to 9 bathtubs or showers 10 to 16 bathtubs or showers Diameter of Vent Stacks (Inches) 3 4 21.4.8 Exception.: In multi-story bathroom groups, wet-vented in accordance with Paragraph 21.4.5, the water closets below the top floor need not be indivi- dually vented if the 2-inch waste connects directly into the water closet bend st a 45-degree angle to the horizontal portion of the bend in the direction of flow. See Paragraph 21.4.6. 21.5 INDIVIDUAL FIXTURE REVENTING 21.5.1 Horizontal Branches: One sink and 1 lavatory, or 3 lavatories within 8 feet developed length of a main-vented line, may be installed on a 2-inch horizontal waste branch without reventing, provided the branch is not less than 2 inches in diameter throughout its length; and provided that the wastes are connected into the side of the branch, and the branch leads to its stack connection with a slope of not more than t/4-inch per foot. 21.5.2 Limits of Fixture-Units Above Bathtubs and/or Water Closets: A fix- ture or combination of fixtures whose total discharge rating is not more than 3 fixture-units may discharge into a stack, not less than 3 inches in diameter, above a water closet and/or a bathtub or shower without the use of revents provided nei- ther of the fixtures is a bathtub, the fixture unit rating of the stack is not otherwise exceeded, and their waste piping is installed as otherwise required in Paragraph 21.2.2. 21.6 CIRCUIT AND LOOP VENTING 21.6.1 Batte~: A branch soil or waste pipe to which two but not more than six floor mounted water closets are connected in battery into the side of a horizontal branch may be vented by a circuit or loop vent which shall take off in front of the last fixture connection. In addition, lower floor branches serving more than 3 water closets shall be provided with a relief vent taken off in front of the first fixture connection. When lavatories or other similar fixtures discharge above such branches, each vertical branch shall be provided with a continuous vent. All blowout type fixtures shall be individually vented. 21.6.2 Vent Connections: When the circuit, loop, or relief vent connec- tions are taken off the horizontal branch, the vent branch connection shall be taken off at a vertical angle or from the top of the horizontal branch. 21.6.3 Fixtures Back-to-Back in Battery: When fixtures sre connected to one horizontal branch through a double Y or a sanitary cross in a vertical posi- tion, a cor~mon vent for each two fixtures back-to-back or double connection shall be provided. The common vent shall be installed in a vertical position as a continuation of the double connection. See Paragraph 21.3.1. -63- 21.6.4 Pipe Sizes Horizontal Soil or Waste Pipe Diameter (Inches) 4 4 5 6 Fixture Units (Maximum No.) for Circuit or Loop Vent Systems: Diameter of Circuit or Loop Vent (Inches) 2-1/2 3 4 5 Maximum Horizontal Length (Feet) 100 20 52 200 200 18 50 180 300 12 50 180 580 10 40 140 21.6.5 Size and Length of Vents: Size of Soil Fixture Or Waste Units Stack (Inches) Connected Diameter of Vent Required (Inches) 1-1/4 1-1/2 2 2-1/2 3 4 5 Maximum Length of Vent (Feet) 6 8 2 12 2 20 2-1/2 42 3 10 3 3O 3 60 4 100 4 200 4 500 5 200 5 500 5 1,100 6 350 6 620 6 960 6 1,900 8 600 8 1,400 8 2,200 8 3,600 10 1,000 10 2,500 10 3,800 10 5,600 30 75 26 50 -- 30 100 -- 30 100 .... 60 .... 50 .... 35 100 260 .... 30 90 250 .... 20 70 180 ...... 35 80 ...... 30 70 ...... 20 50 ...... 25 50 ...... 15 30 ........ 24 ........ 20 150 ................................. 200 600 ..................... 200 500 ..................... 80 400 ..................... 1000 ............... 900 ............... 700 ............... 350 1000 .......... 300 900 .......... 200 700 .......... 200 400 1300 ..... 125 300 1100 ..... 100 250 1000 ..... 70 200 700 ..... 50 150 500 1300 40 100 400 1200 30 80 350 1100 25 60 250 800 -- 75 125 1000 -- 50 100 500 -- 30 80 350 -- 25 60 250 -64- cHAPTER 22 NATURAL GAS PLUMBING* 22.1 TESTING AND INSPECTION 22.1.1 Testing Procedure: visions of Chapter 9.3. Testing and inspection shall comply with pro- 22.2 GENERAL REGULATIONS 22.2.1 New Material Required: All pipe used for the installation, exten- sion~ alteration, or repair of any gas piping shall be new, standard-weight wrought iron, Black Steel, galvanized steel, or copper, free from splits, inter- nal obstructions or other defects. Burred ends shall be reamed to the full bore of the pipe. Ail fittings shall conform to the type of pipe used. All materials shall meet the requirements of the applicable Standards as listed in 12.1.5, Materials Standards, or the Standards listed in this Chapter. 22.2.2 Outside Gas Lights: Type "K" or "L" copper or Polyethelene tubing may be used for underground piping to outdoor appliances such as gas lights, gas grills, incinerators, etc. Polyethelene tubing shall be manufactured in accordance with requirements for PE 3306 tubing in Specifications for Plastic Gas Pressure Tubing, Pipe and Fittings. ASTM Designation D-2513-66T. The Polyethelene extrusion compound from which the tubing is made shall meet the requirements of Type III, Grade 3, as described in ASTM D-1248-60T, Specifications for Polyethelene Molding and Extrusion Compounds which are re- ferred to in C.S. 255-63. The tubing shall be homogeneous throughout and free of visible cracks, holes, foreign inclusions or other defects. It shall also be uniform in color, opacity, density and other physical properties. This material shall be connect- ed together by use of flared fittings and screwed connections and be installed in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations. 22.2.3 Underground Service Lines: Service lines underground shall be type "K" or "L" copper, standard weight wrought iron, galvanized steel, black steel protected against soil corrosion with an approved type protective coating, or polyethelene pipe, tubes and fittings conforming to A.S.T.M. D-2513-57 and ~- and shall be installed according to manufacturer's recommendations. C.S .... 63, Field wrapping shall be limited to short sections stripped for threading and fittings. 22.2.4 WelRed Joints: Welded joints may be used wherever practical in such cases of industrial and coromercial installations where piping of 2-inches and larger is specified. All welding shall be performed by a "Certified Welder" with a current rating in force. *The provisions of this Chapter apply only to installations served by natural gas. Where liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is used this Chapter should be dis- regarded and such liquefied petroleum gas installations shall be made in ac- cordance with the regulations of Articles 60-52-2 and 6053, Revised Civil Sta- tutes of Texas, 1925 (As Amended 1951). -65- 22.2.5 Approved Stop and Hose Cocks: Ail stop cocks and hose cocks used in connection with gas house piping shall be of a type designed and approved ~)r use with natural gas. Fittings 3 inches and smaller shall be of galvanized malleable iron but cast-iron fittings may be used in sizes above 3 inches. An approve(t type plug valve shall be installed in the meter loop on the street side. 22.2.6 Bushings: Bushings shall not be used on concealed work. On ex- posed work reducing couplings are to be preferred to bushings. When bushings ~st be used, they should reduce no less than two pipe sizes. 22.2.7 Concealed Piping: Unions, gland or compression-type joints, run- ning threads, and right and left couplings shall not be used on concealed gas piping. When necessary to insert fittings in existing piping which has been installed in a concealed location, the piping may be re-connected by the use of a ground joint union with the nut "Center punched" to prevent loosening by vibration. 22.2.8 Insulated Connections: All connections between ferrous and non- ferrous piping, except appliance connections, shall be made by the use of die- lectric couplings or unions. 22.2.9 Pipe Supports: Ail house piping shall be securely fastened to floor joists or sills with either galvanized pipe straps or pipe hooks, or with perforated pipe straps, and in such a manner as to prevent pipe from sagging and becoming trapped. The following maximum spacing of supports shall be used: 1/2 inch pipe 6 feet 3/4 inch or 1 inch pipe 8 feet 1-1/4 inch or larger pipe (horizontal) 10 feet 1-1/4 inch or larger pipe (vertical) each floor 22.2.10 Proximity to Electric Wire: No gas pipe shall be run closer than six inches to any electric wire unless such electric wire be inside a conduit. 22.2.11 Branch and Extension Piping: Gas must not be supplied from a small- er pipe to a larger one. All branch outlet pipes shall be taken from top or sides of main supply lines and never from below. 22.2.12 Underground Pipe and Other Concealed Locations: No gas piping shall be built into or embedded in any brick, stone, masonry, or concrete and no such piping shall be installed in or on the ground under any building or structure and all exposed gas piping shall be kept at least 6 inches above grade, except as set forth in Paragraph 22.2.13, 22.2.16A and 22.2.16B. 22.2.13 Underground House Pipe: When it is necessary that a house pipe be laid underground, the underground portion including joints and risers shall be protected against soil corrosion with an approved type protective coating and shall be ~raine~ to an accessible and suitable drip. 22.2.14 Accessibility of Concealed Piping: Gas piping shall not be run in floor= or through heating, cooling, or ventilating ducts, elevator shafts, furnaces, refrigerating rooms, drying ovens or in any place where proper venti- lation cannot be continuously provided. -66- 22.2.15 Ditch for Gas Pipe: Gas piping shall not be run in the same ditch with water~ sewer, or any other utility line. A lateral clearance of not less than 2 feet shall be maintained. Gas piping shall not be located in cinder fill. 22.2.16 Gas Piping in Floors: Where the Plumbing Inspector determines that there is no way to avoid the installation of piping in solid floors, then one of the following methods of installation, when approved by the Plumbing Inspector, shall be followed: House piping may be installed in a casing of iron pipe with tightly sealed ends and joints. The casing shall extend at least 2 inches beyond the point where the pipe emerges from the floor. Where re- quired, the casing shall be vented to the outside atmosphere and/ or coated as specified in Paragraph 22.2.13. B. House piping may be installed in a channel in the floor. Such channel is to be suitably covered so as to permit ready access to the piping and prevent the entrance of corrosive materials, or it may be filled with some noncorrosive material which can be removed with a minimum of damage to the floor. C. Paragraphs 22.2.16A and 22.2.16B apply to gas pipe in solid floors, walls or ceilings. Gas pipe in stud walls, ceilings or floors of joist construction need not have any protective coveT- ing. 22.2.17 Joint Compound: White lead or other suitable joint compounds shall be used sparingly and applied only to the male threads in making up joints on gas house piping. 22.2.18 Three-Way Valves: Three-way valves shall not be permitted. 22.2.19 Defective Pipes or Fittings: Repair of split or faulty pipe or fittings shall not be allowed. 22.3 PIPE SIZE FOR GAS SYSTEM 22.3.1 Table 1 - Maximum Length of Pipe in Feet Number of 1/2 3/4 1-1/4 1-1/2 2-1/2 1/2 inch inch inch 1 inch inch inch 2 inch inch 3 inch Openings pipe pipe pipe pipe pipe pipe pipe pipe 1 27 50 70 100 150 200 300 400 2 50 70 100 150 200 300 400 ~ 24 70 100 150 200 300 400 4 50 100 150 200 500 400 5 35 100 150 200 300 400 6 60 150 200 300 400 8 45 120 200 300 400 65 200 300 400 10 42 175 300 400 13 120 300 400 15 90 270 400 18 -67- 22.3.1 Table 1 - Maximum Length of Pipe in Feet: (Continued) Number of I/2 3/4 1-1/4 1-I/2 2-1/2 1/2 inch inch inch 1 inch inch inch 2 inch inch 3 inch Openings pipe pipe pipe pipe pipe pipe pipe pipe 20 70 210 400 23 55 165 400 25 45 135 330 30 80 200 35 60 ]50 40 5~ I25 50 80 65 50 75 35 22.3.2 Sizing Pipe Systems - For Known Demand: In cases where the demand in cubic feet per hour of the various appliances are known, Table 2~ below, shall be used for determining the size of house piping required. 22.3.3 Table 2 - Minimum Size Where the Demand and Maximum Length are Length of Pipe 1/2 3/4 In Feet Diameter of Pipe in Inches 1 1-1/4 1-I/2 2 3 4 6 a Demand in Cubic Feet per Hour 15 76 172 345 750 1200 2480 6500 13880 38700 79000 30 55 120 241 535 850 1780 4700 9700 27370 55850 45 44 99 199 435 700 1475 3900 7900 23350 45600 60 38 86 173 380 610 1290 3450 6800 19330 39500 75 77 155 345 545 1120 3000 6000 17310 35300 90 70 i41 310 490 1000 2700 5500 15800 32250 105 65 131 285 450 920 2450 5100 14620 29850 120 120 270 420 860 2300 4800 13680 27920 !50 !09 242 ~80 780 2090 4350 12240 25000 180 i00 225 350 720 1950 4000 11160 22800 210 92 205 320 660 1780 3700 10330 21100 240 190 300 620 1680 3490 9600 19740 270 178 285 580 1580 3250 9000 18610 300 170 270 545 1490 3000 8500 17660 450 140 226 450 1230 2500 7000 14420 600 119 192 390 1030 2130 6000 12480 22.3.4 Sizing Pipe Systems for Unknown Demand: In cases where the rating is not known, the capacity given in the following table may be used. Such demand shall be determined in cubic feet per hour by dividing the manufacturer's BTU input rating of the appliance by 1,000. -68- 22.3.5 ~able 3 Appliance - Approximate Maximum Gas Consumption for o~me Common Appliances Input BTU per Hr. (Approx.) Range, domestic, 4 top burners & 1 oven burner 62,500 Range, domestic, 4 top burners & 2 oven burners 82,500 Range, domestic, 6 top burners & 2 oven burners 107,500 Hot Plate or laundry stove, domestic, per burner 9,000 Room heater, domestic, radiant type, per single radiant 2,000 Room heater, domestic, radiant type, per double radiant 4,000 Water heater, automatic instantaneous: Capacity: 4 gal. per minute 150,000 6 gal. per minute 225,000 8 gal. per minute 300,000 Water heater, domestic, circulation or side arm 25,000 Refrigerator 2,500 For automatic storage water heaters and other appliances, the input should be determined from the manufacturer's rating. 22.4 STOVES AND OTHER APPLIANCES 22.4.1 Prohibited Location of Water Heater: No water heater which depends un the combustion of natural gas fo~ heat shall be installed in any room used or designed to be used for sleeping purposes, bathroom, clothes closet, or in any closet or other confined space opening into any bath or bedroom. (For exceptions see Paragraph 22.8.1.) 22.4.2 Location of Appliance Stops: Each and every gas stove, range, cooking stove, water heater, and other gas consuming appliance shall be provid- ed with a lever handled stop cock located in the riser above the floor,and on the upstream side of the union, at the appliance. Such stop cock shall be readily accessible at all times. 22.4.3 Appliance Connections: Gas connection to stoves, ranges, cook stoves, water heaters and other appliances, shall be made by rigid metal connections, except that American Gas Association approved flexible metal may be used for connections for small portable heating appliances, provided there is mo cock on such portable heating appliance. Non-portable appliances such as central heating, water heating, and similar equipment shall be connected to the gas piping with rigid pipe or by approved semi-rigid tubing not more than 2 feet in length. Hot plates, clothes dryers, room heaters, refrigerators, domestic gas ranges, and similar equipment, shall be connected to the gas piping with rigid pipe, approved semi-rigid tubing or approved appliance connectors of flexible metal tubing and fittings. When a semi-rigid tubing connection or a connector of flexible metal tubing and fittings is used, it shall connect to an outlet in the same room as the appliance. The length of the connector shall not exceed 6 feet. The connector shall be installed so as to be pro- tected against physical damage. -69- 22.4.4 Prohibited Connections: The connection of an appliance with any type of gas hose is prohibited, except when used with lavatory, shop, or iron- lng equipment that requires mobility during operation. Such connections shall have the shut-off or stop-cock installed at the connection to the building pip- ing. ~ere gas hose is used, it shall be of the minimum practical length, but not to exceed 6 feet and shall not extend from one room to another nor pass through any walls, partitions, ceilings, or floors. Under no circumstances shall gas hose be concealed from view or used in a concealed location. Only listed gas hose shall be used. Listed gas hose shall be used only in accor- dance with the terms of its listing. Gas hose shall not be used where it is likely to be subject to excessive temperature (above 125° F.). 22.4.5 Canopies and Vents in Hotels, Restaurants~ Etc. Ranges, hot plates, etc. used in hotels, restaurants, and hamburger stands where gas is used for fuel, must be provided with canopies properly vented into brick, tile or metal flues extending to open air at least 18 inches above the roof. Vent pipes from canopies may connect with a chimney flne in attic if flue is provided with an approved liner; or may extend through the roof to open air at least 15 inches above the roof and termi- nate with an approved cap. Wood partitions through which vent pipes pass must be protected by a thimble with a proper air space, except that no vent pipe shall pass through any closet or pantry used for the storage of clothing, household goods of any combustible material. 22.4.6 Draft Diverters Required: Water heaters and gas appliances having pilot b~rners must be provided with down draft devices above the fixtures in the vent, near the appliances. 22.4.7 Size of Vent and Flue Connections: Furnaces and water heaters must be provided with vent and flue connections at least as large as the vent connec- tion on the furnace or water heater and extend to open air at least 15 inches above the roof and terminate with an approved cap. =~.°° 5 L~S~E~ APPLIA~NCES AND ACCESSORIES 22.5.1 Defining the Word "Listed": The word "listed" used in connection with appliances and accessories throughout the present text refers to appliances and accessories which are shown in a list published by an approved national re- cognized testing agency", qualified and equipped for experimental testing, and maintaining an adequate periodic inspection of cnrrent production of listed models and whose listing states either that the appliance or accessory complies with nationally recognized safety requirements or has been tested and found safe for use in a specified manner. *The American Gas Association, Inc. Laboratories and Underwriters' Labora- tories~ Inc. are s~ch nationally recognized testing agencies. -70- 22.5.2 Types of Gas: It shall be determined that the appliance has been designed for use with the gas to which it will be connected. No attempts shall be made to convert the appliance from the gas specified on the rating plate for use with a different gas without consulting the local gas company or the manu- facturer for complete instructions. 22.5.3 Permissible Temperatures on Combustible Materials: All gas appli- ances and their flue or vent connectors shall be installed so that continued or intermittent operation will not create a hazard to persons or property. They shall not~ during operation~ raise the temperature of unprotected combustible walls~ partitions, floors~ or ceilings more than 9~ F above normal room tem- perature when measured with mercury thermometers or conventional bead type thermocouples. 22.6 AIR FOR COMBUSTION 22.6.1 Ventilation Requirements: Appliances shall be installed in a loca- tion in which the facilities for ventilation permit satisfactory combustion of gas and proper venting under normal conditions of use. While all forms of build- ing construction cannot be covered in detail, this requirement may usually be met by application of one of the following methods in ordinary building construc- tion. In buildings of conventional frame, brick, or stone construction without enclosed appliance rooms, basement storm windows, or tight stair doors, infiltration is normally adequate to provide air for combustion and draft hood dilution. Where appliances are installed in a confined space within a building having adequate air infiltration, provisions shall be made for supplying this space with air for combustion and ven- tilation. This may be accomplished through use of two permanent openings freely communicating with interior areas of adequate infiltration or by compliance with provisions of Stem C. Where necessary, continuous ducts having cross-sectional areas equal to the openings shall be utilized to communicate with the source of air supply. The minimum dimension of rectangular air ducts shall be not less than 3 inches. Where appliances are installed in a confined space within a building of unusually tight construction, air for combustion and ventilation must be obtained from outdoors or from spaces freely communicating with the outdoors. (Crawl space, attic, or open air.) Under these conditions, there shall be two openings having a combined free area of not less than one square inch per 1000 BTU per hour of input rat- ing. One opening shall be near the top of the enclosure and one near the bottom. These openings shall be of approximately equal area and shall communicate with the selected source, or sources of adequate air supply, by ducts. Ducts shall be continuous and of the same cross-sectional area as the openings to which they connect. The minimum dimensions of rectangular air ducts shall be not less than 3 inches. -71- 22.7 PRESSURE REGULATORS 22.7.1 Vent%ng Roqu%remeBts for Pressure Regulators: Gas appliance pres- sure regulators requiring access to the atmosphere for successful operation shall be equipped with a vent pipe leading into the combustion chamber adjacent to a constantly burning pilot, unless constructed or equipped to 'limit the escape of gas from the vent opening in the event of diaphraghm failure to not more than 1.0 cu. ft. per hr. of a 0.6 sp. -gr. gas at 7 inches water column pressure. Tbe vent terminal shall be located so that the escaping gas will be readily ignited from the pilot flame and the heat liberated will not adversely affect the operation of the thermal element. The terminus of the vent shall be se- curely held in a fixed position relative to, and approximately 1/2 inch below, the pilot flame. Figure 2 22.8 WATER HEATERS 22.8.1 Prohibited Installations: Fuel fired water heaters shall not be installed in bathrooms or bedrooms. However, listed water heaters of the auto- matic storage type may be installed as a replacement in a bathroom, when speci- fically authorized by the Plumbing Inspector, providing they are properly vented and are supplied with adequate combustion air. 22.8.2 Location: Water heaters shall be located as close as practicable to the flue or vent. They should be so located as to provide short runs of piping to fixtures. -72 - 2208.3 Clearance: Listed gas-fired water heaters shall be positioned in relation to combustible construction with a minimum clearance in accordance with Table 22.8.4 In no case shall clearance be such as to interfere with the requirements for combustion air and accessibility for servicing. See Paragraph 22.6.1. Unlisted water heaters shall be installed with a clearance of 12 inches on all sides and rear. Combustible floors under unlisted water heaters shall be protected in accordance with the P1L~mbing Inspector's instructions. 22.8.4 Minimum Clearances for Listed Gas-Fired Water Heaters: Type of Heater** Nearest Part of Jacket Type A 6 Type B 2 Type C '' **Type A-Miscellaneous (including circulation tank~ underfired). Type B-Underfired, insulated automatic storage heaters. Type C-Type B units with one or more flat sides and tested for installation flush to wall. Flat Side Flush instantaneous, uninsulated 22.9 CENTRAL HEATING BOILERS AND FURNACES 22.9.1 Independent Gas PipinM: The gas line shall be a separate line direct from the meter to the boiler or furnace= unless the existing gas line is of ample capacity. Any contemplated use of existing gas piping shall be verified. 22.9.2 Manual Main Shut-off Valves: Where a complete shutoff type auto- matic pilot system is not utilized, a manual main shut-off valve shall be provid- ed ahead of all controls except the manual pilot gas valve. Where a complete shut-off type automatic pilot system is utilized, a manual main shut-off valve shall be provided ahead of all controls. A suitable manual valve shall be provid- ed for shutting off the main burner gas independently of the pilot gas. A union connection shall be provided downstream from the manual main shut-off valve to permit removal of the controls. 22.9.3 Clearance: Listed central heating boilers and furnaces shall be installed with clearances not less than specified in Table 22.9.4, except that appliances listed for installation at lesser clearances may be installed in ac- cordance with their listings. In no case shall the clearance be such aa to interfere with the requirements for combustion air and accessibility. 22.9.4 Minimum Clearances for Listed Central Heating Boilers and Furnaces: Jacket Projecting Sides Flue Box or and Rear Front Draft Hood Type of Appliance Above Boilers 6 6 18 6 Furnaces 18' 6 18 6 *A vertical clearance of 6 inches may be used with warm air furnaces equipped with mechanical means to circulate the air with an approved temperature limit control that cannot be set higher than 250° F. -73- 22.10 FLOOR FURNACES 22.10.1 ~ible floors. floors. Installation: Listed floor furnaces may be installed in combos- Unlisted floor furnaces shall not be installed in combustible 22.10.2 Manual Main Shut-off Valve: A separate manual main shut-off valve shall be provided ahead of all controls and a union connection shall be provid- ed downstream from this valve to permit removal of the controls or the floor 22.10.3 ComSustion Air: Fixed ventilation by means of a duct or grille arranged to supply air from a permanently ventilated attic~ underfloor space~ or open air, shall be provided to any confined space which encloses the floor furnace. The duct or grille shall be screened and have a free area at least twice the free area of the vent collar of the floor furnace or one sq. in. per ]00© BTU per hour of gas input, whichever is the greater, and shall be install- ed in such a manner as to insure proper comi>ustion. 22.i0.4 Placement: The following are requirements for properly placing the furnace or furnaces to serve one story: No floor furnace shall be installed in the floor of any aisle or passageway of any auditorium, public hall, or place of assembly or in an exit-way from any such room or space. Walls and Corners - With the exception of wall-register models, a floor furnace shall not be placed closer than 6 inches to the nearest wall. and wall register models shall not be placed closer than 6 inches to a corner. Co Draperies - The furnace shall be so placed that a door, drapery, or similar object cannot be nearer than 12 inches to any portion of the register of the furnace. D. No door or doors that can be closed shall be permitted between the floor furnace location and the controlling thermostat. 22.10.5 Clearance: The lowest portion of the floor furnace shall have at least a 6-inch clearance from the general ground level, except that where the lower 6-inch portion of the floor furnace is sealed by the manufacturer to pre- vent entrance of water, the clearance may be reduced to not less than 2 inches. When these clearances are not present, the ground below and to the sides shall be excavated to form a "basin-like" pit under the furnace so that the required clearance is provided beneath the lowest portion of the furnace. A 12-inch clearance shall be provided on all sides except the control side, which shall have an ]8-inch clearance. 22.10.6 Access: Provision shall be made for access to the floor furnace by means of an opening in the foundation wall of at least 18 by 24 inches, locat- ed at some convenient point, and a clear and unobstructed passageway to the floor f~rnace of at least 18 inches high by 24 inches wide. 22.10.7 Seepage Pan: Whenever the excavation exceeds 12'inches or water seepage is likely, a watertight copper pan~ concrete pits or other suitable ,~ateriat shall be used. A copper pan shall be made of not less than 16-ounce-per- square-foot sheet copper. Th~ man shall be anchored in place , so as to prevent floating, and the walls shall e~tend at least 4 inches above the ground level, with 12 inches clearance on all sides except the control side, which shall have 18 inches clearance. When the equipment is sealed by the manufacturer to meet this condition~ the pan or pit may be omitted if not required for maintaining a dry condition for service access. 22.10.8 Wind Protection: Floor furances shall be protected~ where neces- sary~ against severe wind conditions. 22.10.9 Upper Floor Installations: Listed gas floor furnaces may be in- stalled in an upper floor provided the furnace assembly projects below into a utility room~ closet, garage, or similar non-habitable space. In such instal- lations, the floor furnace shall be enclosed completely (entirely sepa=ated from the non-habitable space) with means for air intake to meet the provisions of Paragraph 22.10.3 with access facilities for servicing on the control side, with minimum furnace clearances of 6 inches to all sides and bottom, and with the enclosure constructed of portland cement plaster on metal lath or material of equal fire resistance. 22.11 DUCT FUP, NACES 22.11.1 Independent Gas Piping: The gas line shall be a separate line direct from the meter to the duct furnace, unless the existing gas line is of ample capacity. Any contemplated use of existing gas piping shall be verified. 22.11.2 ClearancR: Listed gas-fired duct furnaces shall be installed with clearances of at least 6 inches between adjacent walls, ceilings, and floor of combustible construction and the appliance projecting flue box or draft hood, except that duct furnaces listed for installation at lesser clearance may be in- stalled in accordance with their listings. In no case shall the clearance be such as to interfere with the requirements for combustion air. See Paragraph 22.10.3. Unlisted d~ct furnaces shall be installed with clearances to combust- ible construction in accordance with the requirements for central heating fur- naces and boilers, Paragraph 22.11.3. Combustible floors under unlisted duct furnaces shall be protected in an approved manner. 22.11.3 Erection of Furnace: A duct furnace shall be erected and firmly supported in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. 22.11.4 Accessibility: The installation of duct furnaces shall be such as to make them accessible for servicing. 22.11.5 Circulating Air.: Circulating air shall not be taken from the same enclosure in which the f~r~ace is located. 22.11.6 Duct Furnaces Used with Air Conditioning Systems: Duct furnaces, when used in conjunction with an air conditioning system~ shall not be located downstream from the evaporator coil. -75- 22.I2 APPL ~E AND EQUIPMENT VENTS 22.12.l Appliances Requiring Vents: Vents shall be required on floor fq~r-. ndces, suspended heating units, insert wall furnaces, boilers, AGA appliances havi~g do~ draft diverts, duct furnaces, attic furnaces, below the floor hea~- lng units, water heaters (and other gas-fired appliances designed to be used with a vent) 22.12.2 ~ype of Vents: Such vents for equipment having an hourly BTU in- put rating of 750,000 or less shall be constructed of approved double wall metal pipes having an exterior casting of galvanized iron or aluminum and an interior lining of aluminum or non-corrodible metal and separated by not less than 1/2-in¢:h ~f dead air space, or other listed type of vent approved by the Plumbing Inspec- tor. except that water heaters shall be vented with double-wall metal pipe. 22.12.3 ~upports A~i vent pipes shall be s~pported by and secured to rigid structural members in such manner as to prevent vertical or horizontal displacement. Vent stacks shall extend continuously through the roof to a poimt not less than 15 inches above same or not closer than 36 inches to nearest part of roof, measured horizontally. 22.12.4 Industrial or Public Buildingq: In buildings used for commercial, iadustrial or public purposes, equipment having an hourly BTU input rating of more than 750,000 shall be connected to stacks designed and built according to ~ccepted engineering standards and approved by the City Plumbing Inspector. 22.12.5 Vent Caps: An effective vent cap which does not reduce the cross- sectional area of the vent outlet and also protects against wind-induced down drafts, rain and snow shall be used. 22.12.6 Vent Flashings: vanized iron shall be used. 22.12.7. Vertical Vents: considered to be vertical. Sheetmetal flashings of aluminum, copper or gal- Any vent 45° or less, from the vertical is 22.13 VE~TING RF~UIREMENTS (The following tables apply specifically to double-wall Type B gas vents constructed of metal, including all fittings, from the draft hood outlet to top of vent.) 22.13.1 Individual Vents: Total Vent Height is the vertical distance be- tween the draft hood outlet and the vent J top. The position or rise of a connector or the location of an offset, has no ef- fect on the total vent height. Length of lateral is the horizontal distance or offset between the draft hood out- let and the final vertical portion of vent. See Figure A. Figure A -76- 22.13.2 Procedure for Using the Individual Vent Table: To determine the ~roper vent size for an individual vent, apply the Table on the following page as follows: (2) (3) Determine total vent height and length of lateral, based on ap- pliance and vent location~ and height to top of vent pipe. Read down the total vent height column at the left to a height equal to or greater than the total vent height. Select the horizontal row for the appropriate length of lateral (Zero for straight vertical vents). Read across to the first column which shows a capacity equal to or greater than the appliance nameplate heat input, except for room heaters~ floor furnaces~ and vented recessed heaters~ in which case stop at the first value which is equal to or greater than 1.4 times the nameplate heat input. (5) If the vent size shown at the top of the column containing the correct capacity is equal to or larger than the appliance draft hood, use the vent shown by the Table. (6) If, however, the vent shown is smaller than the draft hood size, see Paragraph 22.13.4. 22.13.3 Example: A typical individual venting project ia shown in Figure B. The furnace has a 150,000 BTU capacity and a 6-inch draft hood. Procedure: Go down the Total Vent Height column to 20-foot height and across on the line for 10-foot lat- eral. 150,000 BTU capacity is found in 5-inch size 2287000 BTU capacity is shown in 6-inch size column. 5-inch size is adequate because total height exceeds 10 feet (See Paragraph 22.13.4). Figure B Regardless of the size vent shown by the Tables or Calculator for such appliances, do not connect four-inch draft hoods to three-inch vents. 22.13.4 ~edBction of Vent Size: The vent size determined from the Table may be used even though there is a draft hood-to-vent reduction, provided that the follow- ing conditions are observed: a. The vent is at least 10 feet in height. b. There is no more than one pipe size reduction c. The vent pipe is at least 4" in diameter. -77- TABLE 6 IRUIIIUUHL frill IHDLr MAXIMUM CAPACITY. Thousands of BTU Per Hour' TOTAL LENGTH VENT 0, 6" ilO"', 12" 14'r 16" 18' 20" 22" 4~]GNTLATENAL 3" 4" 5" 7" 8"~ ~°' 45 06 125 180 245 320Ii5001 72O 970 1280 1630 2000 2430 2900 36 59 94 137 190 250 405 I ~ 740 g~o 1220 1520 1830 2T80 4' 4' 2g 5~ 06 133 105 243 395I 570 730 950 1215 15ID 1820 2170 9' 27 53 64 125 175 232 377 ' 525 706 930 1190 1505 [ 1810 2160 O 46 g~ 141 205 205 37O 570 850 1170 1530 1960 243O 2950 3529 2' 36 67 105 157 217 205 455 650 890 1170 1400 1650 2229 2670 6' 6' 32 61 106 149 205 273 435 630 870 1150 1470 1820 2210 265~ 12' 28 55 9! 137 106 255 4O6 610 840 1110 1430 1795 2180 2606 O 50 94 155 235 320 415 660 970 1320 1740 222O 2750 336~ 4010 2' 40 75 129 106 247 322 515 745 1020 1340 1700 2110 25~0 3050 8' 9' 35 66 106 165 227 303 450 720 1006 1320 1670 2070 2530 3030 ]6' 28 50 96 148 206 28t 450 685 950 12'60 1600 2035 2470 2960 0 53 100 166 255 345 450 72o 1060 1450 1925 2450 305o 3710 4450 2' 42 01 129 195 273 355 500 850 1130 1480 1890 ?340 2840 3390 10' lo` " 70 115 175 245 330 525 795 1080 1430 1840 2280 278o 3340 20' -- 06 100 154 217 300 486 ! 735 1030 1360 1780 223O 2720 3250 0 58 112 187 205 390 525 846 1246 1720 2270 2900 3620 4410 5300 2' 48 93 150 225 316 414 675 985 1350 1770 2260 28oo ~10 4o00 15' 15' 37 76 128 198 275 373 610 905 1250 1675 215~ 2700 3300 3900 30' -- 60~ 107 169 243 328 553 845 1180 1550 2050 2620 3210 3840 0 61 119 j 2~2 307 430 575 930 1350 t900 2529 3250 4o60 4980 6o00 2' 51 106 16~ 249 346 470 755 1100 1520 2900 2570 3200 3910 4700 20' 10' 44 80 150 228 321 443 710 1045 1460 1940 2500 3130 3830 4000 ]0' 35 70 134 200 295 410 605 990 1390 1660 2430 3050 3760 4550 3o` -- 66 120 186 273 380 626 945 1270 1706 2330 2980 3650 4390 O 64 120 220 336 475 65~ 1060 1550 2170 2928 3770 4750 5~50 7O00 2' 56 112 105 200 394 535 865 1310 1800 238O 3050 3810 4~5~ r.5~00 30' 2o' - gQ 154 237 343 473 784 1185 1650 2290 2870 3650 W00 5310 44)' -- -- -- 2~ 298 415 705 1075 1520 2060 2700 3480 4270 5140 0 06 132 220 353 500 685 1140 1730 2400 3230 4180 5270, 6500 780~ 2' H 118 16~ 298 429 579 960 1420 2000 2600 3420 4300 I~ 6320 ,40' 20' -- N 167 261 377 516 860 1310 1830 2460 3200 4050~ 6070 40' -- -- -- 223 333 460 785 1205 1710 2310 3026 3846 4780 5020 O -- 136 236 323 535 730 1250 1920 2700 3650 4740 i 6000 7380 9060 2' -- 125 213 330 47o 650 I 1060 1605 2250 i 3020 392~ 4960 6130 7400 60' 30' -- -- 170 275 397 555 930 1440 2050 , 2780 3640 4700 5730 7000 60' .... 334 475 830 1285 1670 2500 3380 4330 5429 0 -- -- 239 384 550 755 1290 2~20 28OO [ 3900 5100 6450 ~ 6750 2' -- -- 212 350 495 683 1145 1740 2460I 3320 4310 5450 6740 02~0 80' 40' -- -- -- 275 404 570 900 1515 2160 2980 3920 5~g 6270 7650 ~0' ...... 050 1420 2000 2750 340 4680 5850 7200 0 -- -- -- 4~ 560 770 1310 2950 2950 4050 5300 6700 8600 10,300 2' -- -- -- 375 510 700 1170 1820 2550 3500 46(]0 ,5~ 7290 8806 I00' ~o' .... 405 575 1060 1550 2250 3100 4000 5300 6~0 1100 I00' ...... 870 143Q 205~ 2850 3750 4900 6100 7500 A ..... See slep 4 of p~ragraph 22.1:3,2 · "--" Where no capacity is given, vent may be liable to bolh spillage and condensation. C Ilegordless of oltitude, always design vent for seo level nameplate appliance ~nput. D "0" lateral applies only to a vertical vent attoched to o top o~tlet draft hood. -78- 22.13.5 Combined Vents: A "combined" vent is a venting system for two or more appliances at one level attached to a common vent. "Least Total Height" is the vertical distance from the highest appliance draft hood outlet in the system to the top of the vent. This is one fixed dimension for any one system regardless of the number or placement of appliances in the system. "Connector Rise" for any appliance is the vertical distance from its draft hood outlet to the point where the next connector joins the system. A "Common Vent" is the portion of the venting system above the lowest interconnection. When the common vent is entirely vertical, it is called a Vertical or "V" type. Otherwise the common vent is a Lateral or "L" type. 22.13.6 Procedure for Determining Each Vent Connector Size: (1) (2) (3) (4) Determine the Least Total Height for the system. Determine the Connector Rise for each appliance. Enter the vent connector Table at the appropriate Lease Total Height. Continue across on the line for the first appliance Connector Rise to the nameplate BTU rating (or the next higher rating) for that appliance. Read the connector vent size for that appliance at the top of this column. At the same Least Total Height, repeat the procedure for the Connector Rise and BTU rating for each appliance. size. ~ N GAUTIO : Never use a connector smaller than draft hood outlet 22.13.7 Procedure for Determinin~ Size of Cormnon Vent: (1) Add together all appliance BTU input ratings to determine the Total BTU rating. (2) Enter the Common Vent Table at the same Least Total Height used in Paragraph 22.13.6. (3) Continue across either on the "L" line or on the "~' line as indicated in Paragraph 22.13.5. (4) Stop at the first value which is equal to or greater than the total BTU rating. (5) Read the size of the Common Vent at the top of this column. CAUTION: Regardless of table results, Common Vent must always be at least as large as the largest connector. If both connectors are the same size, the common vent must be at least one size larger. ~OTE: If practical it is better to place the water heater directly under the vertical vent as shown in Figure D. This causes a better draft in the vent when the furnace is not being used. -7q- 22.13.8 Example: Figure Figure B Figure C Figure A shows a typical two-appliance combined-vent system. To determine common vent and individual connector sizes, use the following procedures: (1) Enter the Vent Connector Table at a Least Total Height of 15 feet and a Connector Rise of 1 foot. Read across to the BTU rating next higher than the water heater rating. This is the column showing 53,000 B%~O. At the top of this column a 4-inch connector size is designated for the water heater. See Figure A, above. (2) Enter the Vent Connector Table at the same Least-Total Height (15 feet) but this time for the furnace Connector Rise of 3 feet. Read across to 111,000 BTU (the next higher rating above 105,000 BTU). At the top of this column a vent connector size of 5 inches is designated for the furnace connector. See Figure B, above. (3) The sum of the two ratings is the 1402000 BTU. Enter the Common Vent Table at ehe same Least Total Height (15 feet) and on the "~' line. For a total capacity of 144,000 BTU, the column head- ing directs a 5-inch common vent for this system. See Figure C, -80- TABLE 7 COMBINED VENT TABLES VENT CONNECTOR TABLE MAXIMUM INPUT TO VENT CONNECTOR, Thousands of BTU P~ Hour IrilT CONNECTOI ESE 3~ 4" 5" 6" 7' 8" 10''r 12" 14" 16" 18'F 20" 1' 24 43 68 .2O 133 175 372 392 534 6gl 8~ Igl~ 1320 1570 4' 2' 2~ k 5t ; gl ' 116 156 2~6 322 I #4 600 702 glo 1220 1760 6' 2' 51 I 55 N 124 16a 229 ! 345 496 653 053 lo00 1335 1010 10n O' 2' 32 i 57 O0 120 175 230Jl 350 516 Sgl! 910 1150 1420 1726' 2~5g 3' ~ 64161 145 1gl 2~ 4.0.2 500 7, 103e 1306 1,10 1950 232o 1' 26 L 50 76 ,13 154 2oo I 314 452 i 640 840 1. 1310 1505 ,glo . 120 1. 214 I 333 4~ 697 i 910 1101 1420 1726 295~ 15' 2' 1' 35 ," . 142 193 253 i 2O4 568 790j 1030 1305 1610 1950 232O 1' 35 62 07 140 190 248I ~ 560 650 1110 1405 1735 2100 25~0 40' 2' 41 73 115 166 225 215 i 5462~ 665 964 12S0 1590 1.5 2380 2836 7' 37 104 150 294 ~ ! 417 i tO0 I ~5° 11210 1530 10" 2280 27. TABLE 8 COMMON VENT TABLE MAXIMUM COMBINED INPUT TO EACH SECTION OF COMMON VENT, Thousands o! BTU Per Hour LEAST TOTAL VTXT _~ NOrm1 r~t' 3" i 4" T 5" 6" 7" i 2" 14" '-'16" 18"! 20" 22" 24" ' , I L -- i 45 r 7O 101 138 ~ I60 r 2OQ J 4O4 600 780 1220 1445 1760 4'F v - I 50 i . ~27 ,3 1225 I 355 ', 506 .6 ! ~ ,~ 10. L -- 52 i 02 H7 160 ~ 710 325 406 708 025 I 1170 1445 6' v - I 05 I~03 147 2o0 i 26~ ; 410 : 5~8 i 615 I' 1"5 I 1345 1"0 1570 2390 L -- [ 50 I 01 1~0 i 178 ! 230 i ~65 r ~ 793 [ 1035 I 1310 162O 1926 3330 8' v -- ! 73 ; .4 ~03 I 223 ~ ~ ! 4~5 i 652 I 512 111o0 I mo ~8. 2200 2.0 L -- ; 63 , . 102 ! ~93 2O0 i 395 T 506 ~ 865i.3e I T,2O 1.65 2O90 25~0 10' V -- I 70 ! 124 176 i 242 315 ~ 495 i 713 i 995 1300 i TO45 2030 2400 2O2O , - 73 11,,: i. I 2. ,, .0 ,00 i 0. i l- 131, 11., !=0 1.30 15' v - i 9~ I 144 i = I 260 i ~5 i 5~5 625 iusa i mo i ls~o I 2360 2790 34o0 L -- ! 6~ ~27 ~,2 250 ~ 325 ~ 5~0 i 726 I~ i~,7O ~.0 12300 12720 133~0 30'I v - I 110 105 i ~ i ~60 ; 470 740 1025 ;1525 199~ ' 2520 ; 3110 ', 3~" 4450 ~ i v 246 ~a4 468 61~ 055 ~300 2010 ~ 2~2O 332O i 4~O0 i -81- 22.14 ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS 22.14.1 National Electrical Code: Ail electrical connections between gas appliances and the building wiring shall conform, at least, to the National Elec. trical Code, ASA C1, 1971. 22.14.2 Electric Ignition and Control Devices: No devices employing or depending upon an electrical current shall be used to control or ignite a gas supply if of such a character that failure of the electrical current could re- suit in the escape of unburned gas or in failure to reduce the supply of gas ander conditions which would normally result in its reduction unless other means are provided to prevent the development of dangerous temperatures, pressures or the escape of gas. 22.14.3 Electrical Ground: The gas piping shall not be used as a.~round- ing electrode for an electric fuse panel~ telephone circuit or lightening arres- ter, nor shall electric circuits utilize gas piping, casing of controls, panels or other metal parts in lieu of wiring. This provision shall not apply to low voltage control and ignition circuits, and to electronic flame detection device circuits incorporated as part of the appliance. 22.15 COMPLIANCE WITH ACCEPTED STANDARD 22.15.1 National Standard: Ail work installed under the Gas Fitting Sec- tion of this Code shall comply to the standards of the National Board of Fire Underwriters for the installation of gas piping and gas appliances in buildings as recon~nended by the American Insurance Association, a pamphlet normally referred to as NBFU Pamphlet No. 54. Except where specifically changed by Tables within this Code~ all provisions of NBFU Pamphlet No. 54 shall apply to work installed under this Code. CHAPTER 23 TRAILER PARK PLUMBING AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS 23.1 GENERAL 23.1.1 Adherence to Code: Trailer park plumbing and drainage systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with the provisions of this Chap- ter and the installation requirements of this code. 23.1.2 Prohibited Pipin~ Installation: No gas piping, non-metallic drain- age or vent piping, sewage disposal system or parts thereof, shall be located in any area where a trailer may be parked, or a cabana, or other structure may be built. 23.1.3 Plans and Specifications Required: Before any plumbing or sewage disposal facilities are installed or altered in any trailer park, duplicate plans and specifications shall be filed and proper permits obtained from the City Plumbing Inspection Department. Plans shall show in detail: A. Plot plan of park~ property lines, driveways, existing or proposed buildings and the sizes of trailer sites. -82- B. Complete specification and piping layout of proposed plumbing system or alteration. C. Complete specification and layout of proposed sewage disposal system or alteration. 23.2 DRAINAGE AND VENT INSTALLATION 23.2.1 Drainage Installation: Each trailer site shall be provided with a 3-inch I.P.S. male or female threaded connection extending above the surrounding grade from a 3-inch, minimum size, vented "P" trap. See Figure F, page 86. Traps shall be located with reference to the immediate boundary lines of the de- signated space or area within each trailer site that will actually be occupied by the trailer. Each such trap shall be located in the rear third quarter sec- tion along the left boundary line of the trailer parking area. See Figure G~ page 87. Each trap inlet connection shall be protected at ~rade by a concrete pad not less than 4 inches thick and 18 inches square if 90 ell is used. See Figure B, page 85. Concrete pad should be not less than 8 inches thick and 16 inches square if vertical trap inlet is used. See Figure D, page 85. No trap shall be more than 24 inches below grade. Each trap inlet connection shall be effectively capped with a screw type cap, or plug when not in use. 23.2.2 Trailer Drainage Connectors: Connectors from trailer drain to trap inlet shall be of sanitary semi-rigid pipe installed so that there is no trap in the connector. 23.2.3 Materials: All traps, risers from traps, horizontal vents and the first 5 feet from the trap on each trap branch shall be of materials approved for underground use within a building; provided, however, that approved type non-metallic pipe may be used for the balance of the system when not under any trailer or any possible future building site. 23.2.4 Wet Vents: Drainage systems may be wet vented as set forth in this section of the code. 23.2.5 Location and Size of Vents: Each wet vented drainage system shall be provided with a vent not more than 15 feet downstream from its upper trap, and long mains shall be provided with additional relief vents at intervals of not more than 100 feet thereafter. The minimum size of any vent serving a wet vented system shall be not less than 3 inches in diameter and it need not be larger than 4 inches in diameter. See Figure C, page 85. 23.2.6 Prohibited Wet Vents: The drainage system of any building shall not discharge into a wet vented line. No building or house sewer shall serve as a wet vent. 23.2.7 Vent Supports and Protection: Vents shall be securely fastened to 4 X 4 redwood post or have equivalent support. Galvanized iron or galvanized steel vents may be anchored in a substantial concrete base and the redwood post eliminated, providing that the concrete extends not less than 12 inches above the junction with the cast-iron pipe or fitting. Galvanized vent pipe, steel or iron may extend below ground vertically and may directly intersect a drainage line, providing the entire section around the vent pipe and drainage line is encased in concrete to orevent movement. Galvanized vent pipe that is to be encased in concrete shall first be coated with bituminous paint or equivalent protective material. -$3- 23.2.8 Size and Location of Cleanouts: Cleanouts shall be provided at the upper end of each horizontal drainage line and at intervals of not more than 50 feet thereafter. Each cleanout shall be brought up to grade and made readily accessible. Cleanout fittings shall not be less than the size of the pipe except that none need I~e larger than 4 inches. 23.2.9 Pipe Sizes: For the purpose of determining pipe sizes, each trail- er site connection shall be assigned a waste loading value of 6 fixture units and each trailer park drainage system shall be sized as provided in Paragraph 23.2.10. 23.2.10 ~ipe Sizes for Trailer Park Drainage System: Max. No. Trailers Individually Vented System Max. No. Trailers Wet Vented Size of System Drain 2 1 *3" 30 10 4" 100 50 6" 400 ** 8" *The maximum length of any 3-inch trap branch is 6 feet from its vent. **Will require special design. Consult Plumbing Inspector. 23.3 WATER DISTRIBUTING SYSTEM 23.3.1 General Requirements: Each trailer park water distributing system shall conform to the requirements of Chapter 19 and shall be so designed and maintained as to provide a residual pressure of 20 P.S.I. at each trailer site under normal operating conditions. 23.3.2 Size of Supply Connection: Each trailer site branch water supply coenection shall be not less than one-half inch inside diameter. 23.3.3 Protection From Cross Connections: An approved combination vacuum breaker and check valve shall be installed on the water supply branch at, or near, the trailer connection. See Figure A, page 85. 23.3.4 Relief Valves: An approved pressure relief valve shall be install- ed immediately on the discharge side of each vacuum breaker and check valve. See Figure A, page 85. Each pressure relief valve shall be equipped with a full size drain with the end of the pipe not more than 2 feet nor less than 6 inches above ground and pointing downward. Such drain may terminate at other approved loca- tions. No part of such drain may be trapped. No shut-off valve shall be install- ed between a relief valve and the trailer it serves. 23.3.5 Shut-off Valves: A shut-off valve shall be installed immediately upstream from the combination vacuum breaker and relief valve. See Figure A, Page 85. -84- 23.3.6 Ditch: Water pipe shall be installed in a separate ditch from non- metallic drainage pipe or as required in Chapter 19. 23.4 INSPECTION 23.4.1 Testing: Installations shall be tested and inspected as required by the installation requirements of this code. 23.5 RESPONSIBILITY 23.5.1 Code Violations: When it is evident that there exists or may exist, a violation of any pertinent regulation, the owner, lessee, operator, person in charge of the park or any person causing a violation, shall immediately discon- nect the trailer water supply and sewer connection from the respective park systems and shall employ such other corrective measures as may be ordered by the City Plumbing Inspector. 23.5.2 Maintenance: Ail required devices or safe guards shall be main- tained in good working order. The owner, operator, lessee or his designated agent shall be responsible for their maintenance. CHAPTER 24 INDIVIDUAL SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM 24.1 GENERAL Private sewage disposal facilities shall be installed in strict accordance with requirements of the laws of the State of Texas. The ~ollowing sections of the Texas General Sanitation Law of 1945 (Article 4477-1, Vernon's Annotated Civil Statutes) are concerned with the treatment and disposal of domestic sewage. "Sec. 4.(b) No kitchen waste, laundry waste, or sewage shall be allowed to accumulate, discharge or flow into any public place, gutter, street, or high- way. "Sec. 5t(a) Ail human excreta in populous areas must be disposed of through properly managed sewers, treatment tanks, chemical toilets, approved privies, or by other methods approved by the State Department of Health. The disposal system shall be sufficient to prevent the pollution of surface soil, the con- tamination of any drinking water supply~ the infection of any flies, cockroaches, or the creation of any other nuisance. "Sec. 5.(b) All effluent from a septic tank hereafter constructed shall be disposed of through a subsurface drainage field designed in accordance with good public health engineering practice or any other method which does not create a In general, the mass use of individual wells for water supply and septic tanks for sewage disposal in suburban developments has usually created health problems and is, therefore, an undesirable practice. The modern sewage col- lection system and central treatment plant provides the most economical, trouble-free -85- TRAILER PARK PLUMBING DETAILS Approved type comuznation check valve and ~, breaker Figure A Vent lO ft. High. 10 ft. &#x~jfro~ Property Line · . to Grade llow 6 fixture units for each Trailer Trap No Clay Pipe Within 1 ft. of Surface Figure C Pad / Protect Pipe ," thru Concrete Figure B Trailer Coach Sewer Connection ~ble Sanitary Trailer r Park~~Connection to Permit .~wey of Trailer Without Damage to ~~umbing ~Netal Cover Traile Connection Concrete Cap When Not in Use Figure D Durham Elbow- Pad ~.~Max. Ri~er 24" First 5 ft. cast iron pipe Max. Trap An 3" - 6 ft. Max. Trap Arm 4" - 15 ft. Figure E -86- TYPICAL WET VENT INSTALLATION Keep Vents Not Less than 10' from property Conventional system (Size according to unit load) line I ~a~ Relief Vent C.O. / ~ Every 100' .,~ .,1_~1~ · Trunk Line ~ ///~ 1/4" Grade (2%)~ Cleanout Every 50.~ Wet Vented Branch / . / -- 1/8" Grade (1%) / Figure F 4" - Maximum Trap Arm 15' 3" - Maximum Trap Arm 6' Maximum Ne. of Traps on any single Branch of Wet Vented System: 3" - Pipe 1 Trap 4" - Pipe 10 Traps 6" - Pipe 50 Traps Main vent for 3" Branch Main vent for 4" Branch Main vent for 6" Branch 3" - Pipe (Relief 3") 3" - Pipe (Relief 3") 4" - Pipe (Relief 3") For individually vented trailers size vents and drains to house plumbing standards. -87- TRAILER COURT DETAILS All Trailer Space Must Be Shown And Boundary Lines Approved Before Locating Plumbing Keep Trap l' to 3' from this line' And l' Min. fro~ Trailer Wheel Front o[ Trailer Sl~a Trailer First Quarter of Trailer Second Quarter of Trailer Third Quarter of Trailer Fourth Quarter of Trailer 5' Min. Rear of Space This Di·tanc~ Var ia · Figure G -88- and effective method yet devised for the disposal of domestic sewage. For most unsewered, non-urban areas, s septic tank and soil absorption system may be used instead. Detailed technical information concerning any phase of household sewage disposal may be obtained upon request from the Division of Sanitary Engineering, Texas State Department of Health, Austin, Texas. 24.2 SITE CONSIDERATIONS The builder should first decide whether a septic tank and soil absorption system will work in his particular case. In general, the proposed site for the septic tank and absorption system must be located a safe distance from water wells, streams, etc., and soil conditions must be suitable. Further, the site must not be in an area subject to flooding, and topography should permi~gravity flow through the entire process. TABLE 1 Minimum Safe Distance in Feet Soil Vitrified Absorp- Cast- Clay Pipe Septic tion Iron With Water- To Tank System Sewers Tight Joints Water Wells, Cisterns and Pump Suction Pipes Streams and Ponds 50 150 10 50 5O 5O -- 5O Foundation Walls of Structures 5 15 Property Lines 10 10 .... Some subsurface exploration and testing will probably be necessary to determine suitability of the soil at the proposed site. Two conditions must exist: 1. The average percolation time (see "Percolation Test" in Chapter 24.4) should be within the range specified in Table IV, page 92. 2. Impervious strata should be at least four feet below the bottom of the soil absorption system, and the maximum elevation of the groundwater table should be at least four feet below ground surface. 24.3 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION 24.3.1 House Sewer: The line from the house plumbing system to the septic tank should be constructed of structurally sound pipe such as cast iron, vitri- fied clay, or concrete. Cast iron pipe should be used under driveways. The pipe should have a minimum inside diameter of four inches and be laid in a straight line at a grade of not less than one-fourth inch fall per foot of pipe. The material used to seal the pipe joints should effectively prevent leakage and entry of roots at the joints. -89- 24.3.2 Septic Tank: A properly-designed septic tank will be watertight and will hold all sewage from the home for about a two-day period, in which time gravitational force will cause the settling out of most of the sewage solids. The solids, which slowly accumulate in the tank borrom, will then undergo a rot- ting process and in a few months become more stable chemically. Periodically, the tank will become filled with solids and require emptying. As additional sewage is introduced into the tank~ the original settled liquid is displaced and overflows into the subsurface absorption field. It is very important that the septic tank be made big enough. Probably the best method of estimating sewage loading is based upon the number of bed- rooms in the house to be served. The addition of ground-up garbage solids will also have a significant bearing upon required tank capacity. Table I! should be used to determine the required minimum septic tank liquid capacity. TABLE II Septic Tank Minimum Liquid Capacity No. of Bedrooms Septic Tank Capacity (Gallons) A B 2 or less 500 750 3 60O 900 4 800 1,000 For each additional 200 250 A. Without garbage grinder or automatic washer. B. With garbage grinder and/or automatic washer. The flow line of the inlet pipe should be three inches higher than the operating tank liquid level (which is determined by the flow line of the out- let pipe) to assure rapid drainage of house plumbing. Liquid penetration of the inlet device should be at least six inches but never greater than that of the outlet device. Liquid penetration of the outlet device should be approxi- mately forty percent of the tank liquid depth. "T" branches are recommended for inlet and outlet devices because they provide a means for venting decomposition gases from the tank and absorption system through the house plumbing. Otherwise, the gases will probably leak from around the lid and cause an odor nuisance in the vicinity of the Septic tank. "T" branches also offer ready access for maintenance. To prevent es- cape of scum and floating solids from the tank, the open spaces between the tops of the inlet and outlet devices and the underside of the tank lid should not be greater than approximately two inches. For rectangular tanks built according to suggested dimensions given in Table III, the proper liquid penetration and riser height of the inlet and out- let devices will be provided if standard four-inch vitrified clay "T" branches-- or equivalent fittings of the same dimensions--are used. It is recommended how- ever, that the barrel of the inlet device be shortened to give a liquid pene- tration of six inches. (See Figure 1). -90- A properly designed single compartment tank will give acceptable perfor- mance. Recent research data indicates that two tanks in series or a two- compartment tank, with approximately one-half to two-thirds of the total volume i, the first compartment, will provide an extra degree of solids removal, which is especially valuable under poor soil conditions. The second tank or compart- ment should have inlet and outlet devices designed the same as for a single- compartment tank, except that the elevation, or flow line of both inlet and outlet devices in the second unit should be the same ss the outlet device in the first unit. Means of entry should be provided to each compartment for inspection, cleaning and maintenance. Both the inlet and outlet devices should be accessible for inspection and maintenance without having to enter the septic tank. For tanks not buried too deeply, the use of sectional slab covers will conveniently and safely provide the needed access. For tanks buried deeply, manholes with risers are recommended. The septic tank should be of sturdy, water-tight construction. Materials used may be concrete (reinforced poured in place or precast), or tile with concrete base and cover, or metal. Metal tanks shall be plainly marked that they meet U. S. Dept. of Commerce Commercial Standard CS 177-62. 24.3.3 Soil Absorption System: Liquid discharging from a septic tank re- quires further treatment to render it safe and chemically stable. A well-designed subsurface soil absorption system will allow these liquids to seep away into the ground at a slow rate without creating a health hazard or nuisance. After the prospective builder has picked out a suitable area, with the consideration of safe distances and topography in mind, he should then determine whether soil formations in the chosen area will allow the soil absorption system to work. (See page 93 concerning how to determine suitability of the soil at a parti- cular site.) Where the topography, or ground slope, is not too steep, a flat or level system of gravel-filled trenches is recon~nended. The use of a loop trench will avoid dead ends and assure maximum effective utilization of all portions of the system. The capacity of any particular absorption system is fixed by the total area of trench bottom built into the system. The amount of this required mini- mum area will depend upon the expected sewage load (number of bedrooms) and the average soil percolation time. The soil percolation time may be determined by performing a percolation test as recommended in Paragraph 24.4.5. Ail parts of the trench bottom should be at the same elevation, permissible variation in total trench depth of a minimum eighteen inches to a maximum of twenty-four inches. Permissible variations in trench widths range from a mini- mum of approximately eighteen inches to a maximum of thirty-six inches. Minimum recommended spacing between adjacent edges of parallel trenches is approximately five feet. Liquid from the septic tank is conducted to the absorption system via a water-tight line similar to the house sewer. The liquid is distributed uniform- ly through the gravel-filled trenches by a pipeline of four inch farm drain tile or equivalent materials. It is recommended that the distribution piping be laid level in the trenches, with a minimum of six inches gravel depth under the pipe and a two-inch gravel cover. Thus, a total gravel depth of approximately twelve inches would be required. To avoid root troubles, an additional six inches of gravel should be provided underneath the distribution tile within ten feet of trees or large shrubs. The filtering media may be clean, graded gravel, broken bricks washed rock, or similar aggregate and may range in size from one-half to Figure 1. Single Compartment Septic Tank TABLE III Suggested Dimensions for Rectangular Tanks Tank Capacity Inside Inside Inside Gallons Width Length Depth (Refer 500 3 ' -0" 6 ' -0" 4 ' -9" 9" 750 3 ' -6" 7 ' -6" 4 ' -10" 9" 900 3 ' -6" 7 ' -6" 5 ' -7" 9" to Fig. 12" 12" 12" I I I I I I , Figure 2. Two Septic Tanks in Series. Cross Section. -92- JMNT P~01 4" TILE LINE FOR EFFLUENT DISTRIBUTION NOTE COYER OF TAR PAPER STRIP FOR CROSS SECTION SiDE view Figure 3. Details of Soil Absorption Trench Construction Figure 4. Typical Lay-out for Ground Level TABLE IV Minimum Required Trench Per Bedroom Average Required Trench Total Trench Length (Feet) Percolation Rate Bottom Area for Specified Trench Widths (Minute per Inch) (Square Feet) 18" 24" 30" 36" 1 85 57 43 34 29 3 100 67 50 40 34 4 115 77 58 46 39 5 125 84 63 50 42 10 165 110 83 66 55 15 190 127 95 76 64 30 250 167 125 100 84 45 300 200 150 120 100 60 330 220 165 132 110 Over 60 Unsuitable for soil absorption systems Notes: 1. A minimum sized installation should be designed on the basis of a two-bedroom house, i.e., double the minimum area requirement as given in Table IV. 2. Table IV provides for the normal household appliances, including automatic sequence washer, mechanical garbage grinder and dishwasher. two and one-half inches. Pipe joints of the distribution line, preferably twelve inch length~ are laid with small gaps (the thickness of a pencil or less) between joints to allow the slow escape of the liquid. Covering the top half of the distribution pipeline with lengths of tar-paper or equivalent material is recom- mended to prevent the entry of fine materials into the openings between joints. A covering of strsw~ hay, tarpaper, or similar material over the top of the gravel is also recommended to prevent the soil backfill from invading the gravel until the backfill becomes stabilized. Where the topography, or ground slope, is too steep for feasible construction of a closed-loop trench system~ the following alternate layout may be used. A single, level trench, constructed like the closed-loop trench, is built along a contour, and the overflow from this line is conducted via a water-tight line to the next lower level~ where a second trench can be built along a contour similar to the upper trench. The pattern can be repeated until the required minimum trench bottom area has been provided. It is recommended that no individual trench exceed one hundred feet in length. Poor construction practices will cause serious damage to the soil absorption system. It is, therefore, extremely important that care be taken to avoid seal- ing the surface on the bottom and sides of the absorption trenches through smear- ing. Trenches should not be excavated when the soil is wet enough to smear or compact easily. Open trenches should be protected from surface runoff, and if it is necessary to walk on a trench, use a temporary board on the bottom to re- duce the damage. All smeared or compacted surfaces should be raked to a depth of one inch and loose material removed just before the gravel or other media is laid. The top of a new absorption trench should be hand-tamped and overfilled with about four to six inches of earth to prevent later settling below grade. Automobiles or heavy machinery will crush the distribution tile and should be excluded from the area unless provisions are made to support the extra weight. 24.4 PERCOLATION TEST 24.4.1 Number and Location of Tests: Six or more tests shall be made in separate test holes spaced uniformly over the proposed absorption field site. 24.4.2 Type of Test Hole: Dig or bore a hole, with horizontal dimensions of from four to twelve inches and vertical sides to the depth of the proposed absorption trench. 24.4.3 Preparation of Test Hole: Carefully scratch the bottom and sides of the hole with a knife blade or sharp-pointed instrument in order to remove any smeared soil surfaces and to provide a natural soil interface into which water may percolate. Remove all loose material from the hole. Add two inches of coarse sand or fine gravel to protect the bottom from scouring and sediment. 24.4.4 Saturation and Swelling of the Soil: It is important to distinguish between saturation and swelling. Saturation means that the void spaces between soil particles are full of water. This can be accomplished in a short period of time. Swelling is caused by intrusion of water into the individual soil particle. This is a slow process, especially in clay-type soil, and is the reason for re- quiring a prolonged soaking period. -94- In the conduct of the test, carefully fill the hole with clear water to a minimum depth of twelve inches over the gravel. In most soils, it is necessary to refill the hole by supplying a surplus reservoir of w~ater, possibly by means of an automatic syphons to keep water in the hole for at least four hours and preferably over-night. Determine the percolation rate twenty-four hours after water is first added to the hole. This procedure is to insure that the soil is given ample opportunity to swell and to approach the condition it will be in during the wettest season of the year. Thus~ the test will give comparable re- suits in the same soil whether made in a dry or in a wet season. In sandy soils containing little or no clay, the swelling procedure is not essential, and the test may be made as described under Paragraph 24.4.5C, after the water from one filling of the hole has completely seeped away. Fig. 5. Septic-Tank System for sloping ground -95- 2~.4.5 Percolation-rate Measurement: With the exception of sandy soils, percolation-rate measurements shall be made on the day following the procedure described under Paragraph 24.4.4. A. If water remains in the test hole after the overnight swelling period, adjust the depth to approximately six inches over the gravel. From a fixed re- ference point~ measure the drop in water level over a thirty-minute period. This drop is used to calculate the percolation rate. B. If no water remains in the hole after the overnight swelling period, add clear water to bring the depth of water in the hole to approximately six inches over the gravel. From a fixed reference point, measure the drop in water level at approximately thirty-minute intervals for four hours, refilling six inches over the gravel as necessary. The drop that occurs during the final thirty- minute period is used to calculate the percolation rate. The drops during prior periods provide information for possible modification of the procedure to suit local circumstances. C. In sandy soils (or other soils in which the first six inches of water seep away in less than thirty minites, after the overnight swelling period), the time interval between measurements shall be taken at ten minutes and the test run for one hour. The drop that occurs during the final ten minutes is used to calculate the percolation rate. 24.5 MAINTENANCE OF SEPTIC TANKS Septic tanks should be cleaned before too great a volume of settled sewage solids accumulate. If either the deposited solids or flating scum layer ap- proaches too closely to the bottom of the outlet device, particles will be scour- ed into the soil absorption system. If this condition is allowed to continue, the so]ids will eventually clog and ruin the absorption system. Construction of a new absorption system is usually necessary in such a case. A tank which receives normal loading should be inspected at yearly inter- vals to determine if it needs emptying. Experience for a particular system will indicate the desirability of longer or shorter intervals between inspections. A long stick wrapped with rough, white toweling and lowered to the bottom of the tank will show the depth of solids and the liquid depth of the tank. The stick should be small enough in diameter so it can be lowered through the outlet device to avoid scum particles. After several minutes, if the stick is carefully re- moved~ the height to which the solids have built up can be distinguished by black particles clinging to the toweling. It is recommended that the tank be emptied when the solids level has built up to approximately twelve inches from the bottom of the outlet device. Professional septic tank cleaners with tank trucks and pumping equipment, are located in most large communities and can be hired to perform this service. In any case, the contents of the septic tank may contain disease-causing organisms and should be disposed of in a manner that is acceptable to local health authorities. Immediate replacement of broken-off inlet or outlet fittings in the septic tank is essential for effective operation of the system. -96- CHAPTER 25 INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES 25.1 GENERAL Suitable water for drinking purposes seldom occurs in nature. Rain and snow waters become contaminated quickly by dust, insecta~ animals and man. Some of the organisms introduced into~ter by these means cause typhoid fever, para- typhoid fever, bacillary and amoebic dysentery. The organisms causing these diseases are excreted in human discharges and if defective excreta disposal methods or a lack of safeguards around the water source allow the organiams to reach water supplies~ human illness will result. In order that we may free ourselves of these dread diseases~ certain safe- guards must be provided. We cannot depend on the physical appearance of water as a measure of safety for it is possible that clear and sparkling waters may be unsafe. For complete satisfaction~ the water supply should be safe, pleasant to taste~ clear and free of gases and minerals that impart disagreeable odors. Too, a good water supply is one what is adequate for needs, dependable and con- venient. A minimum of approximately 50 gallons of water per person per day is required in those homes with complete plumbing facilitiest In homes not equip- ped with plumbing, the water demand may decrease to about 10 gallons per person per day. Of course, if stock or irrigation water is to be provided from the household supply, additional allowances must be made. Table I gives water usage information that will be applicable in most farm and suburban areas. Detailed technical information concerning any phase of water supply or treat- ment may be obtained upon request from the Division of Sanitary Engineering, Texas State Department of Health, Austin, Texas. TABLE I Use Water Consumption per Day Household - (hot and cold running water, Kitchen, Laundry, bath, etc.) 50 gal. per person Livestock - Dairy cows (drinking only) Dairy cows (drinking and servicing) Beef cattle, horses and mules Hogs Sheep Chickens (layers and broilers) Turkeys 15 gal. per head 35 gal. per head 12 gal. per head 4 gal. per head 2 gal. per head 4-6 gal. per 100 birds 10-18 gall per 100 birds Other Uses - Dairy utensil washing Flushing dairy barn Sanitary hog wallow Garden watering: 1 inch hose 30-50 gal. 30-50 gal. 100-400 gal. 625 gal. per 1,000 sq. ft. -97- 25.2 THE LOCATION OF WELLS ~,ile the determination of a safe distance between ground water supplies a~d a possible source of contamination is dependent on many factors, to safe- g~ard your well from possible sources of contamination such as stock and poultry yards, privies, septic tanks, absorption fields, etc., it is recommended that the well be located at least 150 feet from such sources of contamination. If local conditions will not permit a distance of 150 feet between the well and the entire septic tank system, the watertight septic tank should be installed at ]east 50 feet from the well and an effluent line of tight joints should be laid so that no part of the open jointed absorption field will be located within 150 feet of the well. It is also recommended that the well be located so that flood- ing and the entrance of surface water are prevented. For existing wells located less than 150 feet from possible sources of contamination, the construction of diversion ditches or levees between the well and potentional sources of contami- nation might be considered. Water producing formations located less than 10 feet from the original ground surface should be considered potentially unsafe and should not be utili- zed as a domestic water supply. Deeper wells drawing water from rock formations, such as limestone that are creviced or channeled, should also be regarded with suspicion until several analyses have demonstrated that the water is free from contamination. Even then, occasional analyses should be made because polluted water may travel long distances through crevices or underground channels with- out being purified. 25.3 WELL CONSTRUCTION 25.3.1 Dug Well: The shallow dug well constructed with hand tools is only deep enough to reach shallow ground water. This type of well generally furnishes comparatively little water, and it is difficult to maintain so as to assure a clear and safe water supply. To be protected from surface contamination, a dug well must be provided with a watertight casing and a concrete cover. The casing or curbing for dug wells is usually constructed of stone, brick, tile or metal. No matter what the choice of materials may be, it is recommended that the upper 10 feet of the casing or curbing be enclosed with reinforced concrete 6 inches in thickness. A sanitary pump should be installed to draw the water, and surface drainage should be such that surface waters are diverted from the well. Figure 2 illustrates a properly constructed dug well. 25.3.2 Drilled Well: Drilled wells are deep enough to reach a more plen- tiful and more reliable water supply. A casing of steel or other approved ma- terial should be placed in a drilled well to prevent caving of the formations penetrated and also to insure protection of the water supply from contamination by water from shallow strata. To secure maximum protection against possible con- tamination, the well should be cased from the top of the water producing forma- tion to at least 18 inches above the elevation of the concrete surface slab or finished floor of the well house. The casing should also extend at least 1 inch above the top of the foundation upon which the pump or motor is mounted. It is also desirable to have the well casing pressure cemented from the top of the water formation to the earth's surface; at least, a mixture of watertight con- crete should be placed around the upper i0 feet of the casing, or deeper if necessary to exclude water from shallow formations as illustrated in Figure 3. The drilled well should also be provided with a cover sloped away from the casing. -98- #OUSE WELL ~O~:d)RPTlOdd FIELD ~ I I Figure 1. Properly Located Well -99- ACCESS PUMP MP RODS SLOPE* 2 PER FOOT ID FEET NFORCED THICK MORTARED BRICK BRICK Figure 2. Protected Dug Well -100- CON CR.E,I~.E' DIA. 8GRIPE'NED AND CHLONINATION PER FOOT qEINFORCED CONCRETE Figure 3. Protected Drilled Well -101- 25.3.3 Bored Well: Bored wells may be constrocted with the aid of hand ~r machine driven augers. Casings of tile, metal or other suitable material should be provided in the excavation and extended from the earth's surface to the water stratum to be developed. Similar to dug wells~ bored wells do not tap deep sources of water and are, therefore, subject to the same difficulties of providing relatively large yields, and they may be affected considerably during periods of drought. 25.3.4 Driven Wells: A driven well is constructed by driving a pipe fit- ted with a well point with a pile or other driving device. Such installations are limited to localities where water-bearing sands lie at comparatively shallow depths and where the water sands are not located below layers of rock which would prohibit the driving of the pipe. 25.4 ABANDONMENT OF WELLS Permanently abandoned wells should be filled with suitable materials to protect the water-bearing formations from contamination. Wells may be deemed satisfactorily filled when: (1) Drilled or cased wells are filled completely with cement grout, concrete, or clean puddled clay, (2) Dug or bored wells are filled completely with puddled clay or its equal after as much as possible of the curbing is removed. This procedure should be carried out whether or not a new well is to be constructed nearby. Abandoned wells should never be used for the disposal of sewage, septic tank effluents or other wastes. 25.5 SUGGESTED CHLORINATION ACCESS FOR WELLS It sometimes becomes necessary to disinfect wells. In order that the pro- tective seal need not be broken for introduction of chlorine compounds, it is suggested that a pipe be installed through the well seal to provide an access for chlorination. This pipe should either be capped or raised and equipped with an elbow turned downward and screened or capped. 25.6 DISINFECTION OF WATER SUPPLIES New wells and equipment become contaminated during construction and instal- lation. Also, existing wells that have been opened for repair are subject to contamination from tools, dust, soil, hands, etc. Certainly any water supply that has been tested bacteriologically and found unsafe should not be used until disinfection is completed. However, it is not wise to assume that water will be indefinitely safe even after disinfection. For this reaaon, construction and location defects should be removed prior to disinfecting an existing well, and periodic samples should be submitted for bacteriological analysis after disin- fection has been carried out. An effective and economical method of well disinfection is the introduction of a chlorine solution into the well and circulating it through the system. The amount of chlorine to use in disinfection will depend on the amount of water in the well or tank and the condition or chlorine demand of that water. The follow- ing table enables a rapid calculation of water volume in your well or cylindri- cal tank° -102- TABLE ii DIAMETER OF WELL r ~ DrilledWe~,~ Pepcn of water in well or Gallons tank (ft.) 4 in. 6 in. 8 in. Dug Well or Cylindrical Cistern, Gallons 3 ft. 4 ft. 5 ft. 6 ft. I 1/2 1-1/2 2-1/2 53 94 147 2 I-1/4 3 5 106 188 394 3 2 4-I/2 7-1/2 159 282 441 4 2-1/2 6 lO 212 376 588 5 3-1/4 7-1/2 12-1/2 265 470 735 7 4-1/2 10-l/2 ,~7-1/2 371 658 i029 g 5-1/4 12 20 424 752 1176 9 6 13-1/2 22-1/2 477 846 1323 lO 6-1/2 15 25 530 94o 1470 11 7 16-1/2 27-1/2 583 1034 1617 12 8 18 30 636 1128 1764 212 424 636 848 1060 1484 1696 1908 2120 2332 2544 Example: A dug well 5 feet in diameter and containing 7 feet of water would contain 1029 gallons of water. The capacity of a rectangula~ well, box or tank is found by multiplying the length by the width by the heights all in feet, then multiplying by 7-1/2. This will give the total gallonage. Chlorine compounds in powder~ solution and tablet form are available at most drug, feed and grocery stores. T~i~e chlorine concentration is usually designated on the label of each product in tiirms of the percentage of "available chlorine." Laundry bleaches, sanitizers acce~itable for utensil sterilization in the dairy and food industries and chlorine g~roducts recognized for water sterilization are all acceptable for use in treatin~ individual water supplies. Local health of- ficials and municipal water plant operators will be happy ~o offer advice con- cerning suitable chlorine compounds. CHApT~rl 26 26.1 PROHIBITING WOP~K WITHOUT A PF~R~MIT No person, firm or corpor=~zo, or other entity shall install or perform any plut'abing work as defined in this Code without first having secured a permit in accordance with the provisions of this Code. 26.2 PROHIBITING USE OF L~TESTED INSTALLATIONS No person, firm, corporation, or other entity shall cause or permit any plumb- ing installation to be connected with the City water or sewer system or to any gas distributing system nor shall such person, firm, corporation or other entity use or permit the use of any such plumbing installation, or cause or permit any water, sewage or gas to flow through the same before it has been inspected and approved as herein provided. -103- 26.3 PENAL?IES ~-ny person, either by himself or ~gent, and any firm, corporation or other en- tity who violates any of the provisions of this Code shall be deemed guilty of a mis- demeanor and, upon conviction of any such violation, shall be fined in any sum not to exceed ONE HUNDI%ED DOLLARS ($100.00); and each day during which such violation contin- ues shall constitute a separate and distinct offense. In any case of a violation of any of the terms or provisions of this ordinance by any corporation, the officers and agents actively in charge of the business of such corporation shall be subject to the penalty herein provided. Any offense defined herein which has been defined by laws of the State of Texas as an offense and fc~ which penalty has been prescribed shall be punished as provided in said State Law, and nothing herein shall be held as fixing any penalty contrary to a penalty provided ~y the taws of the State of Texas. Nothing con- tained herein shall prevent the City of Southlake, Texas, from taking such other lawful action, by injunction suit or otherwise, as is necessary to prevent or remedy any viol- ation. 26.4 FORM OF COMPLAINTS In any prosecution hereunder, it ~hall not be necessary for the complaint to negative any exceptions contained in th~s Code concerning any prohibited act, but any such exception may be urged as a defensD by any person charged by such complaint. 26.5 RESPONSIBILITY FOR DEFECTS UNCHA~$ED This Code does not relieve from qi[ lessen the responsibility or liability of any person owning, operating, controlling, !ipr installing any plumbing, gas piping or gas- fired appliances, for damages to persoq or property caused by any defect therein, nor shall the City be regarded as assuming ~ny such liability by reason of the inspection authorized herein or certificate of ap~i[oval issued as herein provided. 26.6 SEVERABILITY CLAUSE Should any section or provision Q[ this ordinance be declared by the courts to be unconstitutional or invalid, such decision shall not affect the validity of the ordi- nance as a whole, or any part hereof, Q~her than the part so declared to be unconstitu- tional or invalid. 26.7 REPEALING CLAUSE All ordinances or parts of ordingi~ces in conflict herewith are hereby repealed. 26.8 EFFECTIVE DATE This ordinance shall take effect ~fter its passage and publication as required by law. /' Mayor ATTEST: City Secretary APPROVED AS TO FORM: City Attor~ -104- or alley, th~ pl~ber shall drop back on the owner'~ property a sufficient distance to go o with ~he City lateral. Re shall then place a When available-The location of the City Sewer Lateral at point "A" will be furnished to the plumber on request for permit for Sewer. The plumber shall then be responsible for uncovering and confirming the location of said City Sewer Lateral at point "A" prior to construction of the House Lateral. METHOD FOR CONNECTING PLUMBER'S LATERAL TO CITY SEWER -105- PLUMBING LAYOUT FOR BAPTISTRY -106- ~TL REST ROOM INSTALLATION ILLUSTRAT- ING LOOP VENT SECOND OR TOP FLOOR INSTALLATION ILLUS- TRATING CIRCUIT VENT -107- -108- -109- 0 0 0 (D C) -112- o 0 CD o S o S o ~ -113- -114- -115- INDEX Page ACID Vent Pipe Material ..................................................... Wastes ................................................................. ADMINISTRATION ............................................................ AIR GAP Provision For .......................................................... Swimming Pools ......................................................... APPE~kLS AND ADVISORY BOARD Duties and Powers of ................................................... Election and Adoption of Rules ......................................... Organization of ........................................................ APPLIANCE And Equipment Vents .................................................... Connections ............................................................ Connections Prohibited ................................................. Gas Consumption of ..................................................... Listed, and Accessories ................................................ Stoves and Other ....................................................... Vertical Vents ........................................................ BACKWATER VALVES .......................................................... BAR AND SODA FOUNTAIN SINK Wastes ................................................................. BONDING PROVISION Bond Required .......................................................... BUILDING Drains and Sewer Tables ................................................ Existing (Code Deviation) .............................................. Sewer .................................................................. Sewer Required ......................................................... CATCH BASINS Sizes of ............................................................... When Required .......................................................... CENTRAL H~ATING BOILERS AND FURNACES Clearance .............................................................. Piping of .............................................................. Shut Off Valves ........................................................ CHANGE OF DIRECTION Drainage Fittings For .................................................. Drainage Fitting Table ................................................. 53 42 17 43 45 19 18 18 76 69 7O 69 70 69 76 38 54 23 5O 24 48 23 37 36 73 73 73 23 23 -117- CIRCUIT VENTING Battery of Fixtures .................................................... Connections of ......................................................... Pipe Sizes For ......................................................... CLEANOUTS Base of Stacks ......................................................... Building Sewer ......................................................... Change of Direction .................................................... Concealed Piping ....................................................... Location of ............................................................ Pipe....... ....... ...... ....... ................................. ..... .. Prohibited Connections ................................................. COMBUSTION AIR Details of ............................................................. Ventilation Requirements ............................................... COMMON VENT, Sanitary Defined ................................................................ Typical Examples ....................................................... COMMON VENT, Gas Appliance Determining Size oF ................................................. Illustrations ....................................................... Minimum Size ........................................................ Table of Sizes ...................................................... COMPLAINTS Form of ................................................................ CONFORMANCE WITH CODE ..................................................... CROSS CONNECTIONS Approval of Preventive Devices ......................................... Provision for Air Gap .................................................. DEFINITIONS ............................................................... DISPOSAL UNITS ............................................................ DISTANCE Trap to Fixture ........................................................ Trap to Vent Table ..................................................... DRAINAGE Building Sewer ......................................................... Fittings ............................................................... Fixture Branches ....................................................... Installation ........................................................... Materials .............................................................. Page 63 64 36 35 36 36 36 35 36 71 71 56 56 79 8O 8O 81 104 23 43 43 2 4O 34 55 48 48 52 48 47 -118- DRAINAGE (Continued) Stack Loading .......................................................... Table of Sizes ......................................................... DRINKING FOUNTAINS Design and Installation ................................................ Protection of Water Supply ............................................. DUCT FURNACES Circulating Air ........................................................ Clearance .............................................................. Erection of ............................................................ Piping of .............................................................. DUTIES OF INSPECTOR ....................................................... EXEMPTED ACTIVITY And Appliance Work .................................................... Exemptions ............................................................ Home Owners ........................................................... Maintenance, Utility .................................................. FEES Permit and Inspection ................................................. Table of .............................................................. FITTINGS Sanitary For Change in Direction ............................................ Prohibited ......................................................... Table of ........................................................... FIXTURES Back-to-Back .......................................................... Dishwashers, Residential .............................................. Drinking Fountains .................................................... Food Waste Grinder .................................................... General Requirements .................................................. Prohibited ............................................................ Quality of ............................................................ Showers ............................................................... Special ............................................................... Standards for ......................................................... Table of Horizontal Branches .......................................... Traps ................................................................. Trap Vents ..... Unit Values ........................................................... Unit Value Table ...................................................... Urinals ............................................................... Water Closets ......................................................... FLASHINGS ................................................................ Page 52 51 4O 4O 75 75 75 75 17 16 16 16 16 21 21 23 24 24 54 4O 4O 4O 38 38 38 41 41 38 52 34 55 49 5O 39 39 54 -119- FLOOR FURNACES ................................ See Furnaces GAS PLUMBING, NATURAL ......................... See Plumbing GARBAGE DISPOSERS ......................................................... GREASE TRAPS General ................................................................ HANGERS AND SUPPORTS For Horizontal Pipe .................................................... For Vertical Pipe ...................................................... INDIRECT WASTE PIPING AND SPECIAL WASTES .................................. INDIVIDUAL FIXTURE RE-VENTING ............................................. INDIVIDUAL SEWAGE DISPOSAL Design and Construction ................................................ Detail Sloping Ground System ........................................... General ................................................................ Minimum Capacity Septic Tank ........................................... Percolation Test ....................................................... Safe Distance Table .................................................... Septic Tank Details .................................................... Site Considerations .................................................... Soil Absorption System ................................................. Trench Required Per Bedroom ............................................ INDIVIDUAL WATER SUPPLIES Capacity of Wells, Table ............................................... General ................................................................ Location of Wells ...................................................... Protected Drilled Well~ Detail ......................................... Protected Dug Well, Detail ............................................. Table of Consumption ................................................... Well Construction ...................................................... INSPECTION And Tests .............................................................. When Required .......................................................... INSPECTOR, Plumbing ........................... See Plumbing Inspector INTENT AND PURPOSE ........................................................ INTERCEPTORS Accessibility of ....................................................... And Backwater Valves ................................................... And Separators ......................................................... Residential ............................................................ Page 4O 36 41 41 42 63 89 95 85 90 94 89 92 89 93 93 103 97 98 101 100 97 98 21 21 38 38 36 37 -120- Page INTERCEPTORS (Continued) Venting of ............................................................. 37 When Required ........ 36 JOINTS And Connections ........................................................ 32 Asbestos Cement Pipe ................................................... 33 Bitumenized Fiber Pipe ................................................. 33 Calked ................................................................. 32 Cement Mortar ........................................................... 33 Elastomeric ............................................................ 33 Flared ................................................................. 32 Hot Poured.., .......................................................... 32 Joining Different Materials ............................................ 33 Plastic Pipe .......................................................... 33 Solder or Sweat ........................................................ 32 Threaded ............................................................... 32 Types of ............................................................... 32 Wiped .................................................................. 32 LIABILITY OF INSPECTOR .................................................... 18 LICENSING REQUIREMENT Exemptions............. ............................................. · .. 16 Plu bing License Required .......... 16 LISTED APPLIANCES AND ACCESSORIES Permissible Temperatures ............................................... 71 Pressure Regulators .................................................... 72 Type of Gas ............................................................ 71 Ventilation Requirements ............................................... 71 LOOP AND CIRCUIT VENTING Battery ................................................................ 63 Fixtures Back-to-Back in Battery ....................................... 63 Pipe Sizes For ......................................................... 64 Vent Connections ....................................................... 63 MATERIA-LS ~knd Uses Table ......................................................... 27 List of Standards .............................................. 28, 29, 30, 31 Minimum Standards ...................................................... 26 Not Listed ............................................................. 26 Use of ................................................................. 26 PENALTY 103 And Closing Provisions ................................................. 104 Penalties .............................................................. 103 Prohibiting Work Without a Permit ............................ 104 Responsibility for Defects ............................................. -121- PERMITS And Inspection Fees Table .............................................. Duration of ............................................................ False Statement or Bad Faith ........................................... Fees and Inspections ................................................... Issuance of ............................................................ Not Required ........................................................... Non-Transferable ....................................................... Persons Who May Obtain ................................................. Required ............................................................... Special ................................................................ PIPE CLEANOUTS ................................ Also See Cleanouts .......... PIPE AFFECTED BY THIS ORDINANCE ........................................... PLASTIC PIPE Installation of ........................................................ Joints ................................................................. Standards For .......................................................... PLUP[BING FIXTURES ............................. See Fixtures PLUMBING INSPECTOR Authority of ........................................................... Duties of .............................................................. Liability of ........................................................... Powers of .............................................................. Prohibited Interests ................................................... PRESSURE REGULATORS Natural Gas ............................................................ Venting Requirements For ............................................... PROHIBITED FITTINGS AND CONNECTIONS .......... See Fittings PROHIBITED FIXTURES AND CONNECTIONS ....................................... QUALITY OF WATER SUPPLY Acceptable Sources ..................................................... Approval of Devices .................................................... Cross Connections ...................................................... Fixtures With Hose Attachments ......................................... Flushing Tanks ......................................................... Identification of Pioing ............................................... Lawn Sprinklers ........................................................ Non-Potable Water ...................................................... Potable Water ......................................................... Provision for Air Gap ................................................. Selection of Materials ................................................ Separation from Drain and Sewer......... ........................... · · · Swimming Pools ........................................................ Underground Stop and Waste ............................................ Used Piping ........................................................... Vacuum Breakers and Air Gaps .......................................... Whe Separation Not Req ired ...... -122- Page 21 21 2O 21 20 2O 20 2O 19 20 35 1 33 33 30 4O 18 17 18 17 17 72 72 38 13 43 43 44 44 43 44 43 43 43 45 46 45 45 45 44 46 Page RAT PROOFING Exterior Openings ...................................................... 25 Interior Openings ...................................................... 25 REGULATIONS General, Gas Plumbing ................................................. 65 Generals Individual Sewage Disposal Systems ........................... 85 General, Individual Water Supplies .................................... 97 General, Sanitary Plumbing ............................................ 23 General, Trailer Park Plumbing ........................................ 82 RELIEF VALVE Approvals .............................................................. 47 Discharge .............................................................. 47 Pressure ............................................................... 84 Temperature and Pressure ............................................... 47 REPEALING CLAUSE .......................................................... 104 SEPTIC TANK ........................ See Individual Sewage Disposal SEVERABILITY CLAUSE ....................................................... 104 SEWERS And Drains Table ....................................................... Depth of ............................................................... Drainage Piping Installation .......................................... In Filled or Unstable Ground .......................................... Materials and Use Table ...................................... Maximum Fixture Unit Load ............................................. Requirements for Bitumenized Pipe ..................................... Separate Ditch ............................................... 51 48 48 48 27 51 48 ......... 25, 48 SHOWERS On the Ground .......................................................... Pan Required ........................................................... Receptors and Compartments ............................................. SOIL ABSORPTION SYSTEM ............. See Individual Sewage Disposal SOIL STACK ......................... See Stacks SOLDER JOINTS ............................................................. SPECIAL FIXTURES...' ....................................................... SPECIAL WASTES Acid ................................................................... Commercial Dishwashing Machines ........................................ Drips .................................................................. Food Handling .......................................................... 41 41 41 32 41 42 42 42 42 -123- SPECI~kL WASTES (Continued) Indirect Connection .................................................... Length of Indirect ..................................................... Sterile Materials ...................................................... STACKS Loading and Vent Requirements Tables ................................... Material and Use ....................................................... Minimum Size of ........................................................ STACK VENTING ................................. See Vents, Sanitary STOP AND WASTE ............................................................ SWEAT JOINTS .............................................................. TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES ........ See Relief Valves THREADED JOINTS ........................................................... TITLE CITED ............................................................... TRAILER COURT DETAILS .................... See Trailer Park Plumbing TRAILER PARK PLUMBING Court Details .......................................................... Ditch .................................................................. Drain and Vent Installation ............................................ General ................................................................ Inspection and Testing ................................................. Location and Size of Vents ............................................. Materials .............................................................. Pipe Sizes ............................................................. Pipe Size Table ........................................................ Plumbing Details ....................................................... Plumbing Sketch ........................................................ Prohibited Wet Vents ................................................... Relief Valves .......................................................... Responsibility ......................................................... Size and Location of Cleanouts ......................................... Shut-off Valve ......................................................... Vent Support and Protection ............................................ Water Distributing System .............................................. Wet Vent Installation .................................................. TRAPS And Cleanouts .......................................................... Continuous Waste Details ............................................... General Regulations .................................................... Prohibited ............................................................. Seal ................................................................... Page 42 43 42 52 27 52 45 32 32 1 86 85 83 82 85 83 83 84 84 86 86 83 84 85 84 84 83 84 87 34 34 34 34 36 35 -124- Page TRAPS (Continued) Slip Joints ............................................................ 35 Vertical Distance to Fixture .......................... ~ ................ 34 URINALS ................................................................... 39 USED PIPING ............................................................... VACUb~ BREAKERS Approval of ........................................................... Fixtures with Hose Attachments ....................................... Heat Exchangers ...................................................... Lawn Sprinklers ...................................................... Provision for ........................................................ Swimming Pools ....................................................... Trough Urinals ....................................................... With Flush Valves .................................................... 45 43 44 44 44 44 45 44 44 VENTS AND VENTING, SANITARY Bar and Soda Fountains ................................................. Circuit and Loop ..................................................... Common Vent .......................................................... Determining Length of ................................................ Distance From Trap Table ............................................. Flashings ............................................................ General Requirements ................................................ Grades and Connections .............................................. Height Above Fixtures ............................................... Hydraulic Gradient and Developed Length .............................. Individual Fixture Re-Venting ........................................ Main Stack ........................................................... Main Vent Stack ....................................................... Multi-Story Wet Venting ................................................ Size and Length of Vent Table .......................................... Size of Vent Stacks .................................................... Sizes for Circuit and Loop ............................................. Stack Loading and Vent Requirement Table ............................... Stack Venting .......................................................... Stack Venting~ Sketches and Details ................................... Terminals ............................................................. Trap Dip ......................................................... Trap Seal Protection .............................................. Underground ....................................................... Vent Pipe Material ................................................ Vertical Rise ..................................................... Wet Venting ..................................................... Wet Venting Limitations ........................................... Wet Venting, 9~etches and Details .............................. 57 54 63 56 55 55 54 53 54 54 55 63 54 54 59 64 63 64 52 57 58 ,61 54 55 55 53 53 54 .. 57 .. 59 58, 59, 60 VENTS AND VENTING, GAS And Canopies in Hotels, Restaurants, etc ............................... Appliance and Equipment Vents .......................................... Appliance Requiring Vents .............................................. 70 76 76 -125- Page VENTS AND VENTING, GAS (Continued) Diverters Required..- .................................................. 70 Pressure Regulators .................................................... 72 Reduction of Vent Size ................................................. 77 Size of Vent and Fine Connections ...................................... 70 Type of ................................................................ 76 Venting Reqairements ................................................... 76 Venting Tables ......................................................... 78, 81 WASTES Acid ................................................................... 42 Fittings and Connections ............................................... 23 Food Grinder ........................................................... 40 Indirect ............................................................... 42 Individual Sewage Disposal System ...................................... 73 Lavatory ............................................................... 39 Materials For .............................................. 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 Requiring Interceptor and/or Backwater Valve ........................... 36 Special ................................................................ 42 Stack Size ............................................................. 52 Water Closet ........................................................... 25 WATER CLOSETS Connections ............................................................ 25 General ................................................................ 39 WATER HEATERS General ................................................................ 47 -126-