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Item 4A City of Southlake JOINT MEETING OF THE SOUTHLAKE CITY COUNCIL AND PLANNING AND ZONING COMMISSION TOWN HALL, 3rd FLOOR TRAINING ROOMS JULY 12, 2007 MINUTES CITY COUNCIL PRESENT: Mayor Pro Tern Carolyn Morris, Deputy Mayor Pro Tern Virginia M. Muzyka, and Councilmembers Laura K. Hill, Vernon Stansell, and John Terrell. CITY COUNCIL ABSENT: Mayor Andy Wambsganss and Councilmember Gregory Jones. PLANNING AND ZONING COMMISSION PRESENT: Chairman Al Morin, Vice- Chairman Brandon Bledsoe, and Commissioners Darrell Faglie, Robert Hudson, C.D. Peebles, and Jeff Wang. PLANNING AND ZONING COMMISSION ABSENT: Mike Springer. STAFF PRESENT: Assistant City Manager / Director of Public Safety Jim Blagg, Assistant to the City Manager Ben Thatcher, Community Relations Officer Pilar Schank Director of Planning Ken Baker, Director of Public Works Bob Price, Deputy Director of Public Works Gordon Mayer, Civil Engineer Cheryl Taylor, Deputy Director of Community Services Chris Tribble, Chief Planner Dennis Killough, Chief Planner Jayashree Narayana, and City Secretary Lori Payne. 1. Introduction and background: Mayor Pro Tern Morris opened the meeting at 6:09 p.m. Director Baker made opening comments and introduced project consultants Jim Richards of Townscape, Inc., and Kurt Schulte of Kimley-Horne. The consultants made presentations on and led discussions on the following agenda items: 2. Status of the median plan and intersection analysis. Mr. Schulte presented information on this item and answered general questions. 3. Preliminary design and location concepts for: a) roadway corridors; b) medians and intersections; c) entry features / corridor identity; d) parkways; e) roundabouts; f) pedestrian / trail amenities; g) wayfinding; and h) other. Mr. Schulte and Mr. Richards presented these items and answered general questions. 4. Preliminary maintenance cost estimates for median landscaping. Director Baker presented preliminary maintenance cost estimates to the group. 5. Preliminary identification of priority locations for undergrounding utilities. Chief Planner Narayana presented information on this item to the group and answered questions. 6. Discussion and comments. The group discussed the items on tonight's agenda. JOINT MEETING OF THE SOUTHLAKE CITY COUNCIL AND PLANNING AND ZONING COMMISSION- JULY 12, 2007 PAGE 1 OF 2 7. Next Steps. No action was taken at tonight's joint meeting. Mayor Pro Tem Morris adjourned at 8:11 p.m. Carolyn M s Mayor Pro Tem { 4:1:Morin Chairman Planning and Zoning Commission 05ei {;:Y Rf ATTEST: 0,.`'`5® oLq,F%oo w A e ~ ~ o • • D ~ U s C* Lori Payne % City Secretary JOINT MEETING OF THE SOUTHLAKE CITY COUNCIL AND PLANNING AND ZONING COMMISSION- JULY 12, 2007 PAGE 2 OF 2 JOINT MEETING OF THE CITY COUNCIL AND PLANNING AND ZONING COMMISSION THURSDAY, JULY 12, 2007 LOCATION: Southlake Town Hall 1400 Main Street, Southlake, Texas Third Floor Training Rooms WORK SESSION: 6:00 P.M. - 9:00 P.M. Discussion of the Southlake Urban Design Study: 1. Introduction and background 2. Status of the median plan and intersection analysis results 3. Presentation of preliminary design and location concepts for: a. Roadway Corridors b. Medians and Intersections c. Entry Features/Corridor Identity d. Parkways e. Roundabouts f. Pedestrian/Trail amenities g. Wayfinding h. Other 4. Preliminary maintenance cost estimates for median landscaping 5. Preliminary identification of priority locations for undergrounding utilities 6. Discussion and Comments 7. Next Steps CERTIFICATE I hereby certify that the above agenda was posted on the official bulletin boards at Town Hall, 1400 Main Street, Southlake, Texas, on Friday, July 6, 2007, by 6:00 p.m., pursuant to the Texas Government Code, Chapter 551. 4t,tectnnq,~~, 0UTH w ` •V Jt'i Lori Payne, TRM • City Secretary ~ ~ ~ 44•x! '~/jII1810 tlt44 If you plan to attend this public meeting and have a disability that requires special needs, please advise the City Secretary 48 hours in advance at 817-748-8016, and reasonable accommodations will be made to assist you. CITY OF SOUTHLAKE REGULAR CITY COUNCIL MEETING MINUTES: JUNE 19, 2007 LOCATION :1400 Main Street, Southlake, Texas Council Chambers in Town Hall CITY COUNCIL PRESENT : Mayor Andy Wambsganss, Mayor Pro Tem Carolyn Morris, Deputy Mayor Pro Tem Virginia M. Muzyka, and Councilmembers Laura K. Hill, Gregory Jones, and John Terrell. CITY COUNCIL ABSENT : Councilmember Vernon Stansell. STAFF PRESENT :City Manager Shana Yelverton, Assistant City Manager / Director of Public Safety Jim Blagg, Assistant to the City Manager Ben Thatcher, Community Relations Officer Pilar Schank, Manager of Information Services Gary Gregg, Information Systems Technician Sam Cobb, Director of Community Services Steve Polasek, Deputy Director of Community Services Chris Tribble, Deputy Director of Community Services - Library Kerry McGeath, Director of Economic Development Greg Last, Director of Finance Sharen Jackson, Chief of Fire Services Robert Finn, Fire Marshall David Barnes, Chief of Police Services Wade Goolsby, Director of Planning and Development Services Ken Baker, Chief Planner Jayashree Narayana, Director of Public Works Robert H. Price, Deputy Director of Public Works Gordon Mayer, Public Works Operations Manager Chuck Kendrick, City Attorney Tim Sralla, and City Secretary Lori Payne. WORK SESSION: Agenda Item No. 1. Call to order. The work session was called to order by Mayor Wambsganss at 5:13 p.m. Agenda Item No. 2. Invocation. Chaplain of the Month Rolla Goodyear gave the invocation. Mayor Wambsganss led the Pledge of Allegiance. Agenda Item No. 3. Discuss issues relating to the Joint Drug and Alcohol Awareness Committee. Councilmember Hill introduced this item. Council discussed this item. Agenda Item No. 4. Discuss all items on tonight’s meeting agenda. City Council reviewed the consent agenda items with city staff. The work session ended at 6:00 p.m. REGULAR SESSION: Agenda Item No. 1. Call to order. The regular session was called to order by Mayor Wambsganss at 6:00 p.m. Agenda Item No. 2A. Executive Session. Mayor Wambsganss announced City Council would be going into Executive Session pursuant to the Texas Government Code Section 551.071, UNOFFICIAL REGULAR CITY COUNCIL MEETING MINUTES, JUNE 19, 2007 Page 1 of 8 consultation with the city attorney, Section 551.072, deliberation regarding real property, Section 551.074, deliberation regarding personnel matters, and Section 551.087, deliberation regarding economic development negotiations. City Council adjourned for Executive Session at 6:00 p.m. Executive Session began at 6:20 p.m. and ended at 7:31 p.m. Agenda Item No. 2B. Reconvene. Mayor Wambsganss reconvened the regular meeting at 7:43 p.m. and asked if any action was necessary from Executive Session. No action was necessary. Agenda Item No. 3A. Mayor’s Report. Mayor Wambsganss announced upcoming meetings and events. Agenda Item No. 3A1. Recognition of 2007 Colleyville Woman’s Club Scholarship Recipient Kelly Boyles. Mayor Wambsganss introduced Tanya Algood, President-elect of the Colleyville Woman’s Club, who introduced recent graduate and scholarship recipient, Kelly Boyles. Agenda Item No. 3B1. Report of planned Field Day activities from NETARC (Northeast Tarrant Amateur Radio Club). Fire Marshal Barnes introduced Steve Neuse who discussed the Field Day on Saturday, June 23. Agenda Item No. 3C. Local Business Report. Director Last introduced Amber Dinh, Manager of VIP Services, from Starpower who presented her business to Council. Agenda Item No. 3D. Financial Report. A written report was included in Council’s packets. CONSENT AGENDA: Consent agenda items are considered to be routine by the City Council and are enacted with one motion. Agenda Item No. 4A. Approve the minutes from the June 5, 2007, regular City Council meeting. A presentation was not made on this item. Council approved the minutes as presented. Agenda Item No. 4B. Cancel or reschedule the July 3, 2007, regular City Council meeting. Council canceled the meeting on July 3, 2007. Agenda Item No. 4C. Authorize an Amended Residential Developer Agreement with MDC Johnson Place, L.L.C., for Johnson Place, located on the west side of Randol Mill Avenue and north of Johnson Road. A presentation was not made on this item. Agenda Item No. 4D. Approve renewal of a lease agreement for undeveloped property (17.373 acres) in Bicentennial Park. A presentation was not made on this item. Agenda Item No. 4E. Authorize an amended contract with RPGA Design Group, Inc., for the design of the new DPS Headquarters for a total fee of $1,765,000. Assistant City Manager / Director Blagg presented this item to Council during the work session and answered their questions. Martin Schelling, President of the Crime Control and Prevention District Board, addressed this item. UNOFFICIAL REGULAR CITY COUNCIL MEETING MINUTES, JUNE 19, 2007 Page 2 of 8 Agenda Item No. 4F. Authorize the purchase of 2.13 acres out of the R. Eads Survey, Abstract No. 481, Tarrant County, Texas, being a portion of a 16.602 acre tract of land as described by deed to SLTS Land, LP recorded under Instrument No. D205049245, Deed Records, Tarrant County, Texas, in the amount of $1,182,981 less a discounted infrastructure payment of $250,431 for a net sales price of $932,550. A presentation was not made on this item. st Agenda Item No. 4G. Ordinance No. 662-C, 1 Reading, Revise the City of Southlake’s Drought Contingency Plan. Director Price presented this item to Council during the work session. nd Agenda Item No. 4H. Ordinance No. 480-512, 2 Reading (ZA06-189), Zoning Change and Site Plan for proposed Southlake Design Center, located at 280 Commerce Street. Current Zoning: S- P-1 Detailed Site Plan District. Requested Zoning: S-P-1 Detailed Site Plan District. SPIN Neighborhood #7. The applicant has requested to table this item until the July 17, 2007, City Council meeting. nd Agenda Item No. 4I. Ordinance No. 480-LLL, 2 Reading, An amendment to the Comprehensive Zoning Ordinance No. 480, as amended, as it pertains to the creation of the SF-2 Single Family Residential Zoning District. Staff tabled this item until the August 7, 2007, City Council meeting. Agenda Item No. 4J. Resolution No. 07-030, (ZA07-045) Specific Use Permit for a mass gathering event at Gateway Church located at 1085 South Kimball Avenue. Current Zoning: S-P- 1 Detailed Site Plan District. SPIN Neighborhood #7. The applicant has requested to table this item until the July 17, 2007, City Council meeting. st Agenda Item No. 4K. Ordinance No. 480-492, 1 Reading (ZA06-045), Zoning Change for a portion of Lot 1, Block 1 Arnold Estates, located at 1275 Shady Oaks Drive with access through 520 West Highland Street. Current Zoning: RE Single Family Residential Estate District. Requested Zoning: SF-1A Single Family Residential District. SPIN Neighborhood #11.The applicant has requested to table this item to until the August 7, 2007, City Council meeting. Motion was made to approve consent agenda items 4A; 4B; 4C; 4D; 4E; 4F; 4G; to table item 4H until the July 17, 2007, City Council meeting; to table item 4I until the August 7, 2007, City Council meeting; to table item 4J until the July 17, 2007, City Council meeting; and to table item 4K until the August 7, 2007, City Council meeting. Motion: Muzyka Second: Terrell Ayes: Hill, Jones, Morris, Muzyka, Terrell, Wambsganss Nays: None Approved: 6-0 REGULAR AGENDA: Agenda Item No. 5. Public Forum. Mayor Wambsganss opened the public forum. UNOFFICIAL REGULAR CITY COUNCIL MEETING MINUTES, JUNE 19, 2007 Page 3 of 8 Patty Gleim, 1905 Amesbury Court, Southlake, Texas, spoke against high density housing and in support of no more than two homes per acre. Mayor Wambsganss closed the public forum. nd Agenda Item No. 6A. Ordinance No. 480-445a, 2 Reading (ZA07-030), Zoning Change and Site Plan for Shady Oaks Offices on property being legally described as Lots 9 - 12, L.G. Hall No. 686 Addition and being located at 640 West Southlake Boulevard, 620 West Southlake Boulevard, 600 West Southlake Boulevard, and 660 West Southlake Boulevard. Current Zoning: S-P-1 Detailed Site Plan District. Requested Zoning: S-P-1 Detailed Site Plan District. SPIN Neighborhood #13. Chief Planner Narayana presented this item to Council. Applicant Terry Wilkinson answered Council’s questions. In accordance with Section 4.21 of the City Charter, the caption for this item is listed as follows: AN ORDINANCE AMENDING ORDINANCE NO. 480, AS AMENDED, THE COMPREHENSIVE ZONING ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF SOUTHLAKE, TEXAS; GRANTING A ZONING CHANGE ON A CERTAIN TRACT OR TRACTS OF LAND WITHIN THE CITY OF SOUTHLAKE, TEXAS, BEING LEGALLY DESCRIBED AS LOTS 9 - 12, L.B.G. HALL NO. 686 ADDITION; AND BEING 4.008 ACRES, AND MORE FULLY AND COMPLETELY DESCRIBED IN EXHIBIT “A” FROM “S-P-1” DETAILED SITE PLAN DISTRICT WITH “O-1” OFFICE DISTRICT USES TO “S-P-1” DETAILED SITE PLAN DISTRICT WITH “O-1” OFFICE DISTRICT USES, AS DEPICTED ON THE APPROVED SITE PLAN ATTACHED HERETO AND INCORPORATED HEREIN AS EXHIBIT “B”, SUBJECT TO THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS CONTAINED IN THIS ORDINANCE; CORRECTING THE OFFICIAL ZONING MAP; PRESERVING ALL OTHER PORTIONS OF THE ZONING ORDINANCE; DETERMINING THAT THE PUBLIC INTEREST, MORALS AND GENERAL WELFARE DEMAND THE ZONING CHANGES AND AMENDMENTS HEREIN MADE; PROVIDING THAT THIS ORDINANCE SHALL BE CUMULATIVE OF ALL ORDINANCES; PROVIDING A SEVERABILITY CLAUSE; PROVIDING FOR A PENALTY FOR VIOLATIONS HEREOF; PROVIDING A SAVINGS CLAUSE; PROVIDING FOR PUBLICATION IN THE OFFICIAL NEWSPAPER; AND PROVIDING AN EFFECTIVE DATE. No one spoke during the public hearing. nd Motion was made to approve Ordinance No. 480-445a, 2 Reading (ZA07-030), Zoning Change and Site Plan for Shady Oaks Offices, removing the bank carport and other carports shown in red on the plan; adding berms similar to the existing berms including dwarf Buford hollies to be planted; changing all trees to a minimum of four inch caliper in size; accepting the applicant’s agreement to install the four foot sidewalk as earlier discussed; subject to Site Plan Review Summary No. 4, dated May 30, 2007, and subject to the recommendations of the Planning and Zoning Commission. Motion: Terrell Second: Jones Ayes: Hill, Jones, Morris, Muzyka, Terrell, Wambsganss UNOFFICIAL REGULAR CITY COUNCIL MEETING MINUTES, JUNE 19, 2007 Page 4 of 8 Nays: None Approved: 6-0 Agenda Item No. 6B. ZA07-051, Revised Site Plan for Bicentennial Park to include Safety Town on property located at 200 - 450 West Southlake Boulevard, 301 and 400 North White Chapel Boulevard, 275, 315 and 379 Shady Oaks Drive. Current Zoning: CS Community Service District and AG Agricultural District. SPIN Neighborhood #10. Chief Planner Narayana presented this item to Council. No one spoke during the public hearing. Motion was made to approve ZA07-051, Revised Site Plan for Bicentennial Park to include Safety Town on property located at 200 - 450 West Southlake Boulevard, 301 and 400 North White Chapel Boulevard, 275, 315 and 379 Shady Oaks Drive as presented. Motion: Morris Second: Terrell Ayes: Hill, Jones, Morris, Muzyka, Terrell, Wambsganss Nays: None Approved: 6-0 Mayor Wambsganss announced Council will consider item 7A later in the meeting. st Agenda Item No. 7B. Ordinance No. 480-410a, 1 Reading (ZA07-050), Zoning Change and Revised Concept Plan for Southlake Town Square on properties located at 245 North Carroll Avenue, 1297 Division Street, 1301 and 1501 East State Highway 114 and at the southeast intersection of the eastbound East State Highway 114 frontage road and Central Avenue. Current Zoning: DT Downtown District, C-3 General Commercial District, and S-P-1 Detailed Site Plan District. Requested Zoning: DT Downtown District. SPIN Neighborhood #8. Director Baker presented this item to Council. Applicant Frank Bliss, 1008 Quail Run Road, Southlake, Texas, gave a presentation and answered Council’s questions. st Motion was made to approve Ordinance No. 480-410a, 1 Reading (ZA07-050), Zoning Change and Revised Concept Plan for Southlake Town Square, noting the City will retain 0.44 acres of open space with location to be determined later; requiring a schematic for the open space to be brought before Council prior to the final approval of the block north of the Brownstones; and requiring the open space north of the Brownstones to be open to the public. Motion: Terrell Second: Jones Ayes: Hill, Jones, Morris, Muzyka, Terrell, Wambsganss Nays: None Approved: 6-0 st Agenda Item No. 7C. Ordinance No. 480-526, 1 Reading (ZA07-049), Zoning Change and Site Plan for Department of Public Safety Central Facility on property being legally described as Lots 1A, R. Eads No. 481 Addition and a portion of Tract 3J, R. Eads Survey, Abstract No. 481 and being located at 245 and 667 North Carroll Avenue. Current Zoning: CS Community Service UNOFFICIAL REGULAR CITY COUNCIL MEETING MINUTES, JUNE 19, 2007 Page 5 of 8 District, DT Downtown District and C-3 General Commercial District. Requested Zoning: S-P-1 Detailed Site Plan District. SPIN Neighborhood #8. Director Baker presented this item to Council. Applicant Robert Garza of RPGA Architects made a presentation and answered Council’s questions. Council discussed this request. st Motion was made to approve Ordinance No. 480-526, 1 Reading (ZA07-049), Zoning Change and Site Plan for Department of Public Safety Central Facility, subject to the Site Plan Review Summary No. 2, dated June 1, 2007, and subject to the recommendations of the Planning and Zoning Commission. Motion: Jones Second: Morris Ayes: Hill, Jones, Morris, Muzyka, Terrell, Wambsganss Nays: None Approved: 6-0 Mayor Wambsganss called for a break at 8:49 p.m. and reconvened the meeting at 9:07 p.m. st Agenda Item No. 7D. Ordinance No. 480-527, 1 Reading (ZA07-052), Zoning Change and Concept Plan for Southlake Regional Medical Center located at 335 State Highway 114. Current Zoning: AG Agricultural and SF-1A Single Family Residential District. Requested Zoning: S-P- 2 Generalized Site Plan District. SPIN Neighborhood #11. Director Baker presented this item to Council. Applicant Jim Williams, President of LandPlan Development Corporation, 5400 Dallas Parkway, Frisco, Texas, made a presentation and answered Council’s questions. Mr. Williams introduced Barry Knight, Fernando Andrade, and Jeff Walker who gave brief presentations and answered Council’s questions. Mayor Wambsganss read the names of those who did not wish to speak but wanted to record their opposition to this item: Leslie Arnold, 920 Turnberry Lane, Southlake, Texas; Doris Lafavers, 303 East Highland Road, Southlake, Texas; and, Helen Madden, 181 East Highland Road, Southlake, Texas. Mayor Wambsganss allowed members of the audience to speak. L.O. Brightbill, III, 335 East Northwest Parkway, Southlake, Texas, spoke in support. Mike Lafavers, 303 East Highland Road, Southlake, Texas, spoke about the future development of Highland Road. Patrick Gray, 411 East Highland Street, Southlake, Texas, spoke in support. st Motion was made to approve Ordinance No. 480-527, 1 Reading (ZA07-052), Zoning Change and Concept Plan for Southlake Regional Medical Center granting the requested variances as approved by the Planning and Zoning Commission; subject to Concept Plan Review Summary No. 2, dated June 1, 2007; incorporating applicant’s presentation tonight and the agreement with the homeowners as stated by the applicant; confirming and incorporating underground utilities as UNOFFICIAL REGULAR CITY COUNCIL MEETING MINUTES, JUNE 19, 2007 Page 6 of 8 described by the applicant; trees to be live oaks and red oaks as well as other appropriate types of trees; requiring more detail on building materials by the second reading with samples if possible; including Exhibit ‘D’ as presented to City Council tonight; requiring developer to show first phase of the development including landscaped areas; requiring a clear depiction of the parking garages will be provided; requiring Exhibit ‘E’ of the Concept Plan to be reworked to show the correct building heights and corrected entrances and any other changes based on Council’s recommendations; requiring clear depictions of the views from the Highland Street residences; requiring any construction entrances to be located on the State Highway 114 access road; noting the applicant’s agreement to a 20 foot bufferyard along Highland Street with 3 ½ foot berm; requiring that any roof-mounted mechanical equipment will not be visible from State Highway 114; requiring internal sidewalks to be five feet in width; and requiring shrub plantings to be five feet on center instead of three feet. Motion: Jones Second: Muzyka Ayes: Hill, Jones, Morris, Muzyka, Terrell, Wambsganss Nays: None Approved: 6-0 Mayor Wambsganss called for a break at 10:59 p.m. and reconvened the meeting at 11:17 p.m. Agenda Item No. 9A. Consider SP07-181, Variance to Sign Ordinance No. 704-C for Edwin Watts Golf to be located at 2801 East State Highway 114. Chief Planner Narayana presented this item to Council. Applicants Zeeg Bullock of Barnett Signs, Ed Killion, and Sven Kesler of Edwin Watts Golf answered Council’s questions. Motion was made to approve SP07-181, Variance to Sign Ordinance No. 704-C for Edwin Watts Golf, requiring a maximum letter height on the north elevation signage at 30.25 inches and a maximum letter height on the east elevation signage at 24 inches; requiring the raceway not to be visible; and requiring the colors to be as shown. Motion: Terrell Second: Muzyka Ayes: Hill, Jones, Morris, Muzyka, Terrell, Wambsganss Nays: None Approved: 6-0 Agenda Item No. 9B. Consider SP07-182, Variance to Sign Ordinance No. 704-C for Cornerstone Plaza, located at 2707, 2717, and 2729 East Southlake Boulevard. Chief Planner Narayana presented this item to Council. Applicant Christine Sotello from Schafter Plaza 25 Ltd., 301 Knox Street, Suite 207, Dallas, Texas, answered Council’s questions. Council discussed this item. After discussion, the applicant requested to table this item to the July 17, 2007, City Council meeting. Motion was made to table this item until the July 17, 2007, City Council meeting. Motion: Terrell UNOFFICIAL REGULAR CITY COUNCIL MEETING MINUTES, JUNE 19, 2007 Page 7 of 8 Second: Muzyka Ayes: Hill, Jones, Morris, Muzyka, Terrell, Wambsganss Nays: None Approved: 6-0 Executive Session. Mayor Wambsganss announced City Council would be going into Executive Session pursuant to the Texas Government Code, Section 551.074, deliberation regarding personnel matters. City Council adjourned for Executive Session at 11:41 p.m. Executive Session began at 11:46 p.m. and ended at 12:13 a.m. Reconvene. Mayor Wambsganss reconvened the regular meeting at 12:13 a.m. st Agenda Item No. 7A. Ordinance No. 909, 1 Reading, Appoint a Municipal Judge and authorize the Mayor to execute an agreement with the Municipal Judge and provide an effective date. st Motion was made to approve Ordinance No. 909, 1 Reading, Appoint a Municipal Judge and authorize the Mayor to execute an agreement with the current Municipal Judge and provide an effective date with a term expiring in two years. Motion: Muzyka Second: Hill Ayes: Hill, Jones, Morris, Muzyka, Terrell, Wambsganss Nays: None Approved: 6-0 Agenda Item No. 11. Adjournment. Mayor Wambsganss adjourned the meeting at 12:14 a.m. *An audio recording of this meeting will be permanently retained in the City Secretary’s Office. ______________________________ Andy Wambsganss Mayor ATTEST: ______________________________ Lori Payne, TRMC City Secretary UNOFFICIAL REGULAR CITY COUNCIL MEETING MINUTES, JUNE 19, 2007 Page 8 of 8