WS Item 4ORDINANCE NO. ____
AN ORDINANCE AMENDING CHAPTER 10, ARTICLE V, “PUBLIC
SMOKING”, OF THE SOUTHLAKE CITY CODE TO PROHIBIT
SMOKING IN ALL PUBLIC BUILDINGS OR RESTAURANTS, AND
WITHIN 12 FEET OF THE ENTRANCE TO A PUBLIC BUILDING OR
RESTAURANT, REQUIRING SIGNS AND PROHIBITING CERTAIN
ACTS; PROVIDING FOR SEVERABILITY; PROVIDING FOR SAVINGS
AND CODIFICATION; PROVIDING FOR A PENALTY AND
PUBLICATION; AND DECLARING AN EFFECTIVE DATE.
WHEREAS
, the City Council of the City of Southlake, Texas, finds that secondhand
tobacco smoke is a major contributor to indoor air pollution and that breathing secondhand
smoke (also known as environmental tobacco smoke) is a cause of disease in healthy
nonsmokers, including heart disease, stroke, respiratory disease, and lung cancer, and further
finds as follows:
WHEREAS
, the National Cancer Institute in 1999 found that secondhand smoke is
responsible for the early deaths of approximately 53,000 Americans annually. (National Cancer
Institute (NCI), "Health effects of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke: the report of the
California Environmental Protection Agency. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph 10,"
Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute (NCI), August 1999);
WHEREAS
, the Public Health Service's National Toxicology Program (NTP) has listed
secondhand smoke as a known carcinogen. (See Environmental Health Information Service
(EHIS), "Environmental tobacco smoke: first listed in the Ninth Report on Carcinogens," US.
Department of Health und Human Services (DHHS), Public Health Service, NTP, 2000;
reaffirmed by the NTP in subsequent reports on carcinogens, 2003, 2005);
WHEREAS
, based on a finding by the California Environmental Protection Agency in
2005, the California Air Resources Board has determined that secondhand smoke is a toxic air
contaminant, finding that exposure to secondhand smoke has serious health effects, including
low birth-weight babies; sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS); increased respiratory infections
in children; asthma in children and adults; lung cancer, sinus cancer, and breast cancer in
younger, premenopausal women; heart disease; and death. (Appendix II Findings of the
Scientific Review Panel: Findings of the Scientific Review Panel on Proposed Identification of
Environmental Tobacco Smoke as a Toxic Air Contaminant as adopted at the Panel's June 24,
2005 Meeting," California Air Resources Board (ARB), September 12, 2005);
WHEREAS
, there is no safe level of exposure to secondhand smoke, (Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA), "Respiratory health effects of passive smoking: lung cancer and other
disorders, the report of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Smoking and Tobacco
Control Monograph 4," Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health. National Cancer Institute;
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), August 1993; California. Environmental Protection
Agency, "Health Effects of Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke," 1997; California Air
Resources Board, "Proposed identification of environmental tobacco smoke as a toxic air
contaminant," Sacramento: California Environmental Protection Agency (Cal-EPA). Air
Resources Board, Stationary Source Division, Air Quality Measures Branch, Office of
Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), September 29, 2005);
WHEREAS
, a study of hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction in Helena,
Montana before, during, and after a local law eliminating smoking in workplaces and public
places was in effect, has determined that laws to enforce smokefree workplaces and public places
may be associated with a reduction in morbidity from heart disease. (Sargent, Richard P.;
Shepard, Robert M.; Glantz, Stanton A., “Reduced incidence of admissions of myocardial
infarction associated with public smoking ban: before and after study,” British Medical Journal
328:977-980, April 24, 2004);
WHEREAS
, secondhand smoke is particularly hazardous to elderly people, individuals
with cardiovascular disease, and individuals with impaired respiratory function, including
asthmatics and those with obstructive airway disease. (California Environmental Protection
Agency (Cal EPA), “Health effects of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke,” Tobacco
Control 6(4):346-353, Winter, 1997);
WHEREAS
, the Americans with Disabilities Act, which requires that disabled persons
have access to public places and workplaces, deems impaired respiratory function to be a
disability. (Daynard, R.A., “Environmental tobacco smoke and the Americans with Disabilities
Act,” Nonsmokers’ Voice 15(1):8-9.);
WHEREAS,
the U.S. Surgeon General has determined that the simple separation of
smokers and nonsmokers within the same air space may reduce, but does not eliminate, the
exposure of nonsmokers to secondhand smoke. (Department of Health and Human Services.
The Heath Consequences of Involuntary Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. Public
Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, 1986);
WHEREAS
, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have determined that
the risk of acute myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease associated with exposure to
tobacco smoke is non-linear at low doses, increasing rapidly with relatively small doses such as
those received from secondhand smoke or actively smoking one or two cigarettes a day, and has
warned that all patients at increased risk of coronary heart disease or with known coronary artery
disease should avoid all indoor environments that permit smoking. (Pechacek, Terry F.; Babb,
Stephen, “Commentary: How acute and reversible are the cardiovascular risks of secondhand
smoke?” British Medical Journal 328: 980-983, April 24, 2004);
WHEREAS
, given the fact that there is no safe level of exposure to secondhand smoke,
the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (AHRAE) bases
its ventilation standards on totally smokefree environments. ASHRAE has determined that there
is currently no air filtration or other ventilation technology that can completely eliminate all the
carcinogenic components in secondhand smoke and the health risks caused by secondhand
smoke exposure, and recommends that indoor environments be smokefree in their entirety.
(Samet, J.; Bohanon, Jr., H.R.; Coultas, D.B.; Houston, T.P.; Persily, A.K.; Schoen, L.J.;
Spengler, J.; Callway, C.A., “ASHRAE position document on environmental tobacco smoke and
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the development of acute coronary syndromes: the CARDIO2000 case-control study,” Tobacco
Control 11(3):220-225, September 2005);
WHEREAS
, the Society of Actuaries has determined that secondhand smoke costs the
U.S. economy roughly $10 billion a year: $5 billion in estimated medical costs associated with
secondhand smoke exposure, and $4.6 billion in lost productivity. (Behan, D.F.; Eriksen, M.P.;
Lin, Y., “Economic Effects of Environmental Tobacco Smoke,” Society of Actuaries, March 31,
2005);
WHEREAS
, numerous economic analyses examining restaurant and hotel receipts and
controlling for economic variables have shown either no difference or a positive economic
impact after enactment of laws requiring workplaces to be smokefree. Creation of smokefree
workplaces is sound economic policy and provides the maximum level of employee health and
safety. (Glantz, S.A. & Smith, L. The effect of ordinances requiring smokefree restaurants on
restaurant sales in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 87:1687-1693, 1997;
Colman, R.; Urbonas, C.M., “The economic impact of smoke-free workplaces: an assessment for
Nova Scotia, prepared for Tobacco Control Unit, Nova Scotia Department of Health,” GPI
Atlantic, September 2001);
WHEREAS
, hundreds of communities in the U.S., plus numerous states, including
Texas, California, Delaware, Florida, Massachusetts, Montana, New Jersey, New York, and
Washington, have enacted laws requiring workplaces, restaurants, bars, and other public places
to be smokefree, as have numerous countries, including Ireland, New Zealand, Norway,
Scotland, Sweden, Uganda, and Uruguay;
WHEREAS
, smoking is a potential cause of fires, cigarette and cigar burns and ash
stains on merchandise and fixtures, and other economic damage to businesses. (“The high price
of cigarette smoking,” Business & Health 15(8), Supplement A: 6-9, August 1997);
WHEREAS
, the City Council finds there is no legal or constitutional “right to smoke.”
Business owners have no legal or constitutional right to expose their employees and customers to
the toxic chemicals in secondhand smoke. On the contrary, employers have a common law duty
to provide their workers with a workplace that is not unreasonably dangerous;
WHEREAS
, the City Council finds the congregation of smokers within 12 feet of
buildings in which smoking is prohibited can impair entry into and exit from these buildings,
create noxious clouds of concentrated nuisance smoke that harm the rights of nonsmoking
patrons and passersby, and create a hazard of such concentrated smoke drifting into the indoor
environment; and
WHEREAS
, the City Council also finds the smoking of tobacco is a form of air
pollution, a positive danger to health, and a material public nuisance. Accordingly, the City
Council finds and declares that the purposes of this ordinance are (1) to protect the public health
and welfare by prohibiting smoking in public places and places of employment, (2) to guarantee
the right of nonsmokers to breathe smoke-free air, and (3) to recognize that the need to breathe
smoke-free air shall have priority over the desire to smoke.
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NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE
CITY OF SOUTHLAKE, TEXAS:
SECTION 1.
The declarations, determinations and findings made in the preamble of this ordinance are
hereby adopted and made a part of the operative provisions hereof.
SECTION 2.
The Article V, Chapter 10 of the Southlake City Code is hereby amended to read as
follows:
ARTICLE V.
PUBLIC SMOKING
Sec. 10-151. Definitions.
The following definitions shall apply to this article:
“Smoke” or “Smoking” means inhaling, exhaling, or burning a lighted cigar, cigarette,
pipe or other lighted tobacco product in any manner or form.
“Public building” means any building other than a building used as a private residence or
hotel/motel room. If portions of a building are used as a private residence or hotel room and
another portion of the building is used for business purposes or commercial activities, then
“public building” as used herein shall apply to the portions of the building used for business
purposes or commercial purposes, but not the portion used solely as a residence or hotel room.
“Restaurant” means an establishment that primarily serves food prepared in the kitchen of
the same establishment for patrons and may serve alcohol with a valid Texas Alcoholic Beverage
Commission License as long as the establishment derives less than 75% of its gross revenues
from alcohol sales and includes all indoor and outdoor seating areas, kitchen, bar area, restrooms
and lobby.
“Bar” or “Tavern” means an establishment that derives 75% or more of the
establishment’s gross revenue from the on-premise sale of alcoholic beverages.
Sec. 10-152. Smoking prohibited in public buildings or restaurants, or within 12
feet of an entrance to a public building or restaurant; signs required; and prohibited acts.
(a) It shall be unlawful for any person to perform the following acts in any public
building or restaurant in the City of Southlake or within 12 feet of any entrance to any public
building or restaurant:
(1) smoke,
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(2) carry a lighted cigarette, cigar, or tobacco-containing pipe, or
(3) light a cigarette, cigar or tobacco-containing pipe.
(b) It shall be unlawful for any owner of any restaurant, bar and tavern to allow the
operation of the establishment unless one or more of the following signs have been posted at a
location clearly visible to a person entering the food establishment:
(1) a “No Smoking” sign, or
(2) the international “No Smoking” symbol (depiction of a burning cigarette enclosed
in a red circle with a red bar across it).
(c) It shall be unlawful for any owner or operator of any public building to place or
allow to be placed any of the following items in any public building or within 12 feet from an
entrance to any public building:
(1) ashtrays;
(2) smoking paraphernalia, or
(3) signs that indicate that smoking is permitted.
Sec. 10-153. Penalty.
Any person who violates this article shall be guilty of a health and sanitation
misdemeanor violation and subject to a fine of not more than $2,000.00. Each day that a
violation is permitted to exist shall constitute a separate offense.
SECTION 3.
Sections 10-154 through 10-158 of the Southlake City Code are hereby repealed.
SECTION 4.
If any provision of this ordinance, or the application thereof to any person or
circumstances, shall be held invalid or unconstitutional by a Court of competent jurisdiction,
such invalidity shall not affect the other provisions, or application thereof, of this ordinance
which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the
provisions of this ordinance are declared to be severable.
SECTION 5.
It is the intention of the City Council that this ordinance shall become a part of the Code
of the City of Southlake, Texas, and it may be renumbered and codified therein accordingly, in
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the manner approved by the City Attorney. The Code of the City of Southlake, Texas, as
amended, shall remain in full force and effect, save and except as amended by this ordinance.
SECTION 6.
This ordinance shall become effective immediately upon publication that meets the
requirements of the Charter of the City of Southlake after final passage and approval by the City
Council.
PASSED AND APPROVED ON FIRST READING THIS _____ DAY OF
________________, 2007.
____________________________________
MAYOR
ATTEST:
____________________________________
CITY SECRETARY
PASSED AND APPROVED ON SECOND READING THIS _____ DAY OF
________________, 2007.
____________________________________
MAYOR
ATTEST:
____________________________________
CITY SECRETARY
EFFECTIVE: ______________________
APPROVED AS TO FORM AND LEGALITY:
_________________________________
City Attorney
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