1989-07-24
C
CITY OF SOUTHLAKE
667 N. Carroll Avenue
ZONING BOARD OF ADJUSTMENTS MINUTES
July 24, 1989 7:30 P.M.
Present: Art Sorenson, Chairman; John Scoggan, Vice-Chairman.
Members: Robert Downard, Ernest Johnson, Jim Wooll, and,
alternate, Joe Bentley.
Absent: Dennis Minder, alternate member.
City Staff Present: Zoning Administrator, Karen Gandy; City
Attorney, E. Allen Taylor, and Director of Public Works, Mike
Barnes.
The meeting was called to order at 7:30 p.m. by chairman, Art
Sorenson.
Agenda Item #2. Approval of Minutes
The minutes of the June 26, 1989 Board of Adjustments meeting were
approved as corrected.
Motion: Wooll
Second: Downard
Ayes: Wooll, Downard, Johnson, Scoggan and Sorenson
Nays: None
Approved: 5-0 vote.
Agenda Item #3. Administrative Comments
City Attorney, E. Allen Taylor noted that during the last Board of
Adjustments meeting, alot of time was spent discussing the
posture of the Lemke Suit. He thought the Board would be
interested in knowing that an appeal was filed on July 21, 1989 in
the 2nd Court of Appeals.
r
Agenda Item #5. Case #69. Request for Appeal
CA A request for an appeal of the official interpretation that day
care centers were not a permitted use in the Community Service
District.
The City Attorney ruled that this case is to be considered under a
Special Use Permit and therefore, should be heard by the City
Council.
Board of Adjustments Minutes
July 24, 1989
page two
Agenda Item #4. Case #67. Request for Variance
A request for a variance to the zoning ordinance No. 334, Section
5.15 (c) 4, residential accessory uses: Antennae height
restriction of a a 60 foot maximum. Owner: Truman Reynolds.
Applicant: Michael Kreuser. Location: 1616 Heather Lane, being
Block 2, Lot 4, Heatherwood Estates. Public Hearing.
A presentation was made by Karen Gandy, who stated, that Mr.
Kreuser is requesting a 90 foot antennae to be located on his
property, adding that this is his hobby. It was established that
the current zoning ordinance is 60' antennae, and the applicants
are aware of this.
Public Hearing
Bill Taylor- 1613 Heather Lane
He is concerned over the interference to garage doors, alarms, and
television being effected by the antennae.
Bruce Balm- 1612 Heather Lane
He is also concerned over the ham operators effect on televisions,
and etc.
Michael Kreuser- applicant (proposed property owner)
He stated he has had his antennae in several areas for several
years. The interference is a valid concern. His neighbors in
Houston had no problems. The tower being higher, helps with the
interference, and the interference goes over the houses.
He added that he is a week-end operator, and is willing to work
with neighbors who might have problems. His signal would be going
over Grapevine Lake. The antennae would be in the back of his
house and looks like a big TV antennae It will sit about 60' above
the roof of the house.
r Mr. Sorenson stated that the issue here is not whether or not he
can erect an antennae, the ordinance allows this, the issue is the
height that he wants.
Mr. Wooll asked Mr. Kreuser to explain what he had to do to get
his amateur radio license, stating, it is much more than what you
have to do to get a CB license.
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Kreuser stated because of his license, if any one has a
!R complaint, they can report him to the proper authorities. He also
added, that because of the slope of the yard, we are not talking
about a large difference.
Board of Adjustments Minutes
July 24, 1989
page three
Agenda Item #4 Continued
Mr. Gustafson - 1613 Heatherbrook
He also has the same concerns as the others in his neighborhood.
Mr. Kreuser has a contract on the house and it is contingent upon
the variance being granted. Current owner of the house is Truman
Reynolds.
Mr. Sorenson read from Ordinance No. 334 (4) "non-commercial
radio and television receiving antennae and non-commercial radio
transmitting antennae limited in height to sixty (60) feet
(measured from the ground line in front of the dwelling or use
facing a public street), and further provided no electrical, radio
or television signal interference is created which would adversely
affect such signals, whether audio or visual to nearby dwellings
and other permitted uses."
Mr. Taylor, city attorney, stated that if the property owners have
a complaint, they have recourse not only from the F.C.C. but to the
city, who can issue citations for violation.
Ernest Johnson stated he feels the board is missing a very
6,uo~ important piece of information; "What is the slope of this
property".
Jim Wooll suggested that the property owners take 10-15 minutes and
try and work out the situation with Mr. Kreuser.
Motion was made to recess for 15 minutes, while the property owners
meet in an effort to work out the situation.
Motion: Wooll
Second: Downard
Ayes: Wooll, Downard, Sorenson, Scoggan, Johnson
Nays: None
*!R Approved: 5-0 vote (to recess)
The meeting reconvened at 8:45 p.m. When asked, the property
owners present indicated the board should grant the variance with
no objections from the property owners.
Motion was made to approve the request for a variance to Ordinance
No. 334, Section 5.15 (c) 4. as requested.
1I1/ Motion: Wooll
Second: Downard
Ayes: Wooll, Downard, Scoggan, Johnson, Sorenson
Nays: None
Approved: 5-0 vote
W
Board of Adjustment Minutes
July 24, 1989
page four
_Agenda Item #6. Adjournment
Motion was made to adjourn the meeting.
Motion: Johnson
Second: Wooll
Ayes: Johnson, Woo.ll, Scoggan, Downard, Sorenson
Nays: None
Approved: 5-0 vote
Art Sor on
Chairma , Board of Adjustments
AT EST : o~~~aa~t's ' "ad.frrj@
Sandra L. LeGrand
City Secretary
sv:
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W IRWIN►_ rwiCity of Southtake, Texas
M E M O R A N D U M
July 18, 1989
TO: Board of Adjustment Members
FROM: Karen P. Gandy, Zoning Administrator
SUBJECT: Case # 69
I
No - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
MR
Case #69 is an appeal of the official interpretation that day care centers
are not a permitted use in the Community Service zoning district.
The present zoning is Agricultural, but the City Council has plans to zone j
all churches, schools, and public sites to Ccmmity Service during the
proceedings adopting a new zoning ordinance and official zoning map.
The owner/applicant is White Chapel United Methodist Church.
The location is 185 S. White Chapel Blvd. being legally described as
Block A, Lot 1, White Chapel Methodist Church Addition.
brow, There were then (10) letters sent to property owners within 200 feet.
To date, no responses have been received.
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KPG/kg
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CITY OF SOUTHLJAIG;
667 N. Carroll Avenue
Southlake, Texas
ZONING BOARD OF ADJUST],=S
RDQUEST FOR APPEAL
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ADDRESS: S r%~ ire 0~'rr✓
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City of Southtake, Texas
M E M O R A N D U M
July 17, 1989 j
TO: Board of Adjustment Members
FROM: Karen P. Gandy , Zoning Administrator
SUBJECT: Board of Adjustment Case 767
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
'ONO
Case 767 is a request for a variance to Ordinance No. 334, Section 5.15,
(c) 4 governing the maxi = height restriction of 60 feet for permitted
accessory uses in the Single Family-1 district.
The location of the property is 1616 Heather Lane, being Block 2, Lot 4,
Heatherwood Estates.
The owner is Truman Reynolds; the applicant is Michael Kreuser. Mr. Kreuser
plans to purchase the property if he can obtain the variance to allow a
ninety (90) foot antenna. He is an amateur radio operator.
i
I There were fourteen (14) letters sent to property owners within 200 feet.
j There has been one inquiry made regarding this request. The caller offered
no opinion regarding the request.
KPG/kg
Attachments:
Section 5.15, Ordinance No. 334
Deed Restrictions, Heatherwood Estates
Letter from Mr. Kreuser
x FCC Private Radio Board Ruling (PRB-1)
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CITY OF = LAKE
667 N. Carroll Avenue
Southlake, Texas
iirr+~ ZONING BOARD OF ADJUSIVERM
In
REQUEST FOR APPEAL
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NAME: 17,7iC/-14f4 6-1- e2 FEE: $50.00
ADDRESS: ' LLA err Atie a2 o 2YO / 75G L 3
Mai T vE DUMBER: J130 lpj~ 4
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SIGNATURE:
CASE NO.. 7
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5.15 PERMITTED ACCESSORY USES
a. Agricultural Accessory Uses In "AG" District Only - Acces-
sory buildings and structures clearly incidental to the
above operations, including but not limited to barns,
stables, equipment sheds, granaries, pump houses, water
tanks and silos; but not including slaughter houses or
processing of agricultural products, animals or poultry.
b. Agricultural Accessory Uses In "RE" District Only
1. Accessory buildings enclosing equipment or activities in
conjunction with the permitted principal agricultural
uses.
2. Private stables for the keeping of grazing animals,
provided:
a) Ground accumulations of manure shall be collected
" and properly disposed of so as not to create
offensive odors, fly breeding, or in any way
become a health hazard or nuisance to humans or
animals.
b) Fences for pens, corrals or similar enclosures shall
be of sufficient height and str'encth to properly
retain the grazing animal(s) on the premises; and
y c) The minimum space area upon which such grazing
animal(s) may be enclosed, including pasture, pens,
corrals, and stables, shall not be less than fifteen
thousand (15,000) square feet per each grazing
y animal over 500 pounds and not less than five
thousand (5,000) square feet for any other grazin^
animal. ,
c. Residential Accessory Uses; In AG - RE - SF1, 2 & 3
_ u
a 1. Private residential garages, carports and related
storage buildings and greenhouses accessory to permitted -
residential uses.
2. Private swimming pools, wading pools, and game courts
(lighted or unlighted), provided that: if lighted, the
lighting shall be so directed and shielded so as not to
shine directly on any adjacent residential property; and
further provided that any such pool or game court is for
the private use of the site occupants and their guests,
!1~
~e
5-24
and not operated as a business. All "at grade" swimming
pools with a water depth greater than twenty-four (24)
inches and "above grade" swimming pools having a water
depth twenty-four (24) inches or more, except for
portable tot pools, shall be enclosed by a fence and
gate of a height so designated by the Southern Building
Code or any other building code adopted by the City,as
amended, of such material and design to discourage
unauthorized entry to the facility. Such pool(s)
may be located in a side or rear yard, but not within a
r4 front yard, and shall not be located closer than five
(5).feet to any side or rear property line.
3. Lanais, gazebos, garden and patio shelters, and child-
ren's playhouses, provided the privacy enjoyed by
adjacent residential dwellings is not impaired.
MCI
4. Non-commercial radio and-television-receiving-antennae-.
and,non-commercial",radio-transmitting antennae -limite
in height to sI' ty_ (60) eta (measured from_.the *ground
line in front of the ,dwelling or use-fac ng a public .
i street)an_d-further: provided no electr cal;7~ `radio or: -
television) signal interference"_is-;created which ;would
adversely affect such signals, '_whether audio'orNvisual"
to nearby dwellings and other permitted uses.
5. Required off-street parking and loading spaces.
6. Home occupation uses as defined by this ordinance -
definitions - "Home Occupation Use".
7. Parking and storage of private boat(s), camper
trailer(s), or other recreational vehicle(s), in
conformance with Section 7.
8. Model and/or sample homes for the purpose of promoting
sales shall be permitted, providing these structures are
located on and within the same tract or subdivision of
W land being developed for sale.
VR d. Accessory buildings or uses customarily incidental to any
permitted principal use shall be permitted and all outside
storage areas shall.be suitably screened in conformance with,
subsection 7.20, Screening Regulations.
5-25
HEATHERWOOD ESTATES
a"
1.W r 0
THE STATE OP TEXAS j luv IA00 • Gd/OJi3T
COUNTY OF TARRANT KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTSi
I
THAT TEXPORT BUILDERS, INC., being the owner of the following
described lots in Heatherwood Estates, an addition to the City of
Southlake, Tarrant County, Texas, Blocks 1 and 2, according to the
approved maps filed in Vol,3 ,644 Page Vol. , Page
Vol. , Page , respectively, Map Records of Tarrant
County, Texas, hereby place the following restrictions on said lots,
same being fully described as follows:
Lots 1, 2, 7, 6, S. 6, 7 and t of Block 1.
Lots 1, 2, J, 6, S, 6, 7 and t of Block 2.
The following covenants shall apply to all lots above listed:
~111R A. All of the above described lots shall be known and des-
cribed an residential lots. No structures shall be erected, altered,
placed or permitted to remain on any residential lot other than a
one family detached dwelling, not to exceed two (2) stories in
height, and usual out-building in connection therewith, including
suitable barn or ratable on lots where horses are permitted. It
04 f a servant house be one of the out-buildings, it will be o<--upied
I
a only by servants employed on the premises.
B. No lot or lots or any part thereof shall ever be used
as a place of business, nor any noxious or offensive trade or
activity be carried on nor shall any thing be done thereon which
may become an annoyance or nuisance to the neighborhood.
f C. The minumum square footage of any residence shall be
not less than 2,100 square feet on any lot, exclusive of open
porches and garages. All garages to have side or rear entrances,
D. The exterior walls of the dwelling erected on any lot
described herein shall be at least 701 brick, brick veneer, stone,
l
stone veneer, unless an exception is granted by the Architectural
Control Committee. Metal and asbestos siding will not be
permitted
on any dwelling on any lot herein described.
, PAGE ONE RESTRICTIONS HEATNERW000 ESTATES, TARRA:, 'OUNTY, TEXAS
7= b1z 1=
i
e1i
° L. No dwelling shall be located on any lot nearer to the
front line or nearer to the side street line than the minimum set
back lines shown on the recorded plat. Detached and attached
garages and accessory buildings shall not be nearer to the street
line than the set back indicated on the recorded plat.
P. No building other than the residence, shall be erected,
placed or altered on any lot until the constructions plans and `
specifications and a plan showing the location of the structure
have been approved by the Architectural Control Committee as to
quality and workmanship and materials, harmony of external design
with existing structures and as to location with respect to
topography and finish grade elevation.
G. The Architectural Control Committee is composed of KENT
SLM TT, and DAVID VINCENT of Colleyville, Texas. In the event of
e the death or resignation of any member of the Committee, the
e remaining member shall have full authority to designate a seccessor.
In the event the Committee cannot agree on any natter, they shall
have the right to select a third member to serve on the Committee,
in which case, a majority vote shall control. None of the members
# of the Committee shall receive any compensation for serving on the
r Committee. Any time that the then recorded owners of a majority of
the lots shall have the power through a duly recorded written-
instrument to change the membership of the Committee or to withdraw
from the Committee or to restore to it any of its powers and duties.
1 H. Only horses or pets for family use only, may be raised,
a bred or kept as pets for pleasure on any lot, and no commercial
breeding, or raising of horses or pets will be allowed in this
J ` Addition. Horses shall not be permitted, except on Lots 4 and
5, block 1, and Lot 1, Block 2, and only one horse per every
20,000 square feet in the lot.
I. No lot shall-be used or maintained as a dumping ground
for rubbish. Trash, garbage, or other waste shall be kept.only
lip
. v.: 7523 h•112fK
PAGE TWO RESTRICTIOAS HEJITNERNOOO ESTATES, TARRANT COUNTY, TEXAS
t
y D
in sanitary containers. All incinerators or other equipment for
low the storage or disposal of such material shall be kept in a clean
and sanitary condition.
J. Easements or alleys for the installation and maintenance
of utilities and drainage facilities are reserved as shown on the
recorded plat.
ft" I X. No building or any part thereof constructed previously
at any other place shall be permitted on any lot in the Addition.
L. No trailer, basement, tent or shack shall be used
temporarily or permanently as a residence.
N. No fence, hedge, or wall shall be erected, placed or
altered on any lot at a height of more than six (6) Het and
nearer to any street than the minim m set back line and shall
e
not exceed out past the front of the residence. All fences to
be out of now material and all fences along lot property lines
'S60i {
shall be of sufficient density to serve as screening between
neighbors, unless such fence is of wrought iron or masonry
'!e!
constructions. No wire fences except on the back half of Lots
4 and S. Block 1 and Lot 1, Block 2.
N. No sign of any kind shall be displayed to public view
on any residential lot except one sign of not more than five (S)
w square feet advertising the property for 641e, or stint or signs
used by a builder to advertise the property during construction.
6
The developer shall be allowed to place'two larger signs on a lot
advertising the subdivision.
0. All buildings must be built with a the or wood shingle
1
roof, or with a minimum of 290 pound composition shingles.
P. These covenants are to run with this land and shall be.
binding on all parties and all persons claiming under them for
.
a period of 30 years from the date these covenants are recorded,
after which time said covenants shall be automatically extended
for successive periods of five years unless an instrument signed
1e, -
VJL '75=1 tkFLZ~c3
PACs THUS ABSTRICT2ONS NZATHZMQW ZSTATZS, TARRANT C OUNW, TEXAS ,
t
r
by the majority of the then owners of the lots has been recorded,
agreeing to change said covenants in whole or in part.
Q. Enforcement shall be by proceedings at law or in equity
against any person or persons violating or attempting to violate
any covenant either to restrain violation or to recover damages.
R. Invalidation of any of these covenants by judgment or
court order shall in no wise affect any of the other provisions
_Nft which shall remain in full force and effect.
S. Any house or construction began on a lot must be completed
within six (6) months after the building permit is issued.
T. Any car, truck or motor vehicle located or parked on
any lot must be currently licensed.
U. Electrical service from Utility Easement power poles to
' the house will be undergound.
EXECUTED this 14* day of 01w LAF- , 1983.
-nc.
p. jama
I
t
DAVID -nj , vice THE STATE OF TEXAS 7 ftWujj@nt
COUNTY OF TARRANT I
BEFORE HE, the undersigned authority, in and for said County
and State, on this day personally appeared o INma or'1 Kw awns
INC., known to be to be the persons whose names are subscribed
to the foregoing instrument, and acknowledged to me that they
executed the same for the purposes and consideration therein
expressed.
GIVEN UNDER MY HAND AND SEAL OF OFFICE this d~!Y of
1983. l!?
0 u n an
the tats of Texas
PAGE FOUR RESTRIC"ONS HEATHERMOOD ESTATES, TARRAHT COUNTY, TEXAS
•ww
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f
,u and to the Commissioners themselves who in height above ground level or antennas
adopted PRB-1. which are to be erected near airports. Thus,
under FCC rules some amateii4rttenna sup-
Before Since restrictive
the port structures require obstruction marking covenants are contractual
Federal Communications Commission and Lighting. On the other hand, local
Washington, D.C. 20554 municipalities or governing bodies frequently agreements between
enact regulations limiting antennas and their
In the Matter of > support structures in height and location, e.g. private parties, they are
to side or rear yards, for health, safety and
Federal preemption of sitate..and) PRB-1 aesthetic considerations. These limiting not generally a matter of
local regulations pertaining ) regulations can result in conflict because the
to Amateur radio facilities. ) effectiveness of the communications that concern to the
emanate from an amateur radio station are Commission.
MEMORANDUM OPINION directly dependent upon the location and the
AND ORDER height of the antenna. Amateur operators
Adopted: September 16, 1985; maintain that they are precluded from
Released: September 19, 1985 operating in certain bands allocated for their
use if the height of their antennas is limited trailers, pick-up trucks, solar collectors and
By the Commission: Commissioner Rivera
not participating. by a local ordinance. gardening equipment.
4. Examples of restrictive local or-
Background dinances were submitted by several amateur Restrictive Covenants
operators in this proceeding. Stanley J. Cichy,
1. On July 16, 198, the American Radio 7. Amateur operators also oppose restric-
San Diego, California, noted that in San Relay League, Inc. (ARRL) filed a Request amateur radio antennas come under a coons on their amateur operations which are
Diego
for Issuance of a Declaratory Ruling asking structures ruling which limits building heights contained in the deeds for their homes or in
us to delineate the limitations of local zoning to 30 fat. Thus, antennas there are also their apartment leases. Since these restrictive between
' and other local and state regulatory authority covenants are contractual agreements a matter
limited to 30 feet. Alexander Vrenios,
over Federally-licensed radio facilities. Mundelein, Illinois wrote that an ordinance oprivate f co parties, they are not generally a matter
Specifically, the ARRL wanted an explicit of the Village of Mundelein provides that an since to the Commission. However,
e
statement that would preempt all local or- snce some amateurs who commented l this
antenna must be a distance from the proper-
dinances which provably preclude or proceeding provided us with examples of
ty line that is equal to one and one-half times
significantly inhibit effective, reliable amateur restrictive covenants, they are included for in-
its height. In his case, he is limited to an radio communications. The ARRL antenna tower for his amateur station just formation. Mr. Eugene O. Thomas of
acknowledges that local authorities can over 53 feet in height Hollister, California included in his comments
.
regulate amateur installations to insure the 5. John C. Chapman, an amateur living an extract of the Declaration of Covenants
safety and health of persons in the com- in Bloomington, Minnesota, commented that and Restrictions for Ridgemark Estates,
munity, but believes that those regulations he was not able to obtain a building permit County of San Benito, State of California.
cannot be so restrictive that they preclude It provides:
effective amateur communications. to install an amateur radio antenna exceeding
35 feet in height because the Bloomington city
8e 2. Interested parties were advised that ordinance restricted "structures" heights to No antenna for transmission or reception
they could file comments in the matter.' With of radio signals shall be erected outdoors
extension, comments were due on or before 35 feet. Mr. Chapman said that the or- for use by any dwelling unit except upon ap-
' with ith reply comments due dinance, when written, undoubtedly applied proval of the Directors. No radio or televi-
December on or before 26, 1984,January 25, 1985.' Over sixteen to buildings but was now being applied to sion signals or any other form of elec-
antennas in the absence of a specific or- tromagnetic radiation shall be permitted to
hundred comments were filed. dinance regulating them. There were two op- originate from any lot which may
Local Ordinances lions open to him if he wanted to engage in unreasonably interfere with the reception of
amateur communications. He could request television or radio signals upon any other
3. Conflicts between amateur operators lot.
way of a
regarding radio antennas and local authorities a variance the ordinance , or he could
regarding restrictive ordinances are common. hearing before the City Council, Marshall Wilson, Jr., provided a copy of
t The amateur operator is governed by the obtain affidavits from his neighbors swearing the restrictive covenant contained in deeds for
that they had no objection to the proposed the Bell Martin Addition M2 Irving, Texas.
regulations contained in Part 97 of our rules. antenna installation. He got the building per-
Those rules do not limit the height of an It is binding upon all of the owners or pur-
amateur antenna but they require, for aria- mot after obtaining the cooperation his chasers of the lots in the said addition, his or
tion safety reasons, that certain FAA notifca- neighbors. His concern, however, is that he their heirs, executors, administrators or
icon and FCC approval procedures must be had to get permission from several people assigns. It reads:
followed for antennas which exceed 200 feet before he could effectively engage in radio
communications for which he had a valid No antenna or tower shall be erected upon
FCC amateur license. any lot for the purposes of radio operations.
6. In addition to height restrictions, other
'Notes appear on page 63. limits are enacted by local jurisdictions-anti- William J. Hamilton resides in an apart-
climb devices on towers or fences around ment building in Gladstone, Missouri. He
them; minimum distances from high voltage cites a clause in his lease prohibiting the erec-
power lines; minimum distances of towers tion of an antenna. He states that he has been
from property lines; and regulations per- forced to give up operating amateur radio
The effectiveness of the tatmng to the structural soundness of the equipment except a hand-held 2 meter
antenna installation. By and large, amateurs (144148 MHz) radio transceiver. He main-
communications that do not find these safety precautions objet- tains that he should not be penalized just
tionable. What they do object to are the because he lives in an apartment.
emanate from an amateur sometimes prohibitive, non-refundable ap- Other restrictive covenants are less global
radio station are direetl plication filing fees to obtain a permit to erect in scope than those cited about. For exam-
,Y an antenna installation and those provisions ple, Robert Webb purchased a home in
upon the loea- in ordinances which regulate antennas for Houston, Texas. His deed restriction pro-
dependent Pon purely aesthetic reasons. The amateurs con- hibited "transmitting or receiving antennas
tion and the height of the tend, almost universally, that "beauty is in extending above the roof line."
the eye of the beholder." They assert that an 8. Amateur operators generally oppose
antenna. antenna installation is not more aesthetical- restrictive covenants for several reasons. They
ly displeasing than other objects that people maintain that such restrictions limit the places
keep on their property, e.g., motor homes, that they can reside if they want to pursue
November 1985 61
~r t'f
their hobby of amateur radio. Some state that We do not believe there should be any of local zoning authorities.
they impinge on First Amendment rights of restrictions on the antennas and towers ex-
free speech. Others believe that a constitu- cept for reasonable safety precautions. Opposing Comments
tional right is being abridged because, in their Tropical storms, hurricanes and tornadoes 16. The City of La Mesa, California has
i ; view, everyone has a right to access the air- areaway of life here on the Texas Gulf a zoning regulation which controls amateur
waves regardless of where they live. solutely Coast and essential good when preparing communications for a are hur- - antennas. Its comments reflected an attempt
9. The contrary belief held by housing ricane and even more so during recovery to reach a balanced view.
subdivision communities and condominium operations after the hurricane has past.
or homeowner's associations is that amateur This regulation has neither the intent, nor
radio installations constitute safety hazards, 13. The Quarter Century Wireless Associa- the effect, of precluding or inhibiting effec-
cause interference to other electronic equip- tion took a strong stand in favor of the is- tive and reliable communications. Such
j ment which may be operated in the home suance of a declaratory ruling. It believes that antennas may be builtas long as their con-
(televisions, radio, stereos) or are eyesores Federal preemption is necessary so that there oruaron does not unreasonably block views
that detract from the aesthetic and tasteful will be uniformity for all Amateur radio in- or constitute eyesores. The reasonable
of the housing development or stallations on private property throughout the assumption is that there are always alter-
appearance B PAY 1~ natives at a given site for different place-
apartment complex. To counteract these United States. ment, and/or methods for aesthetic treat-
negative consequences, the subdivisions and went. Thus, both public objectives of con-
associations include in their deeds, leases or trolling land use for the public health,
by-laws restrictions and limitations on the safety, and convenience, and providing an
location and height of antennas or, in some effective communications network, can be
cases, prohibit them altogether. The restric- The American Red Cross satisfied.
tive covenants are contained in the contrac- A blanket ruling completely set aside local
tual agreement entered into at the time of the also came forward to trol control, only for a ruling which recognizes con-
the purpose of safety of anten-
sale or lease of the property. Purchasers or 's re- na construction, would be contrary to
lessees are free to choose whether they wish support the ARRL legitimate local control.
to reside where such restrictions on amateur quest for a preemptive
antennas are in effect or settle elsewhere. 17. Comments from the County of San
Supporting Comments ruling-without amateurs' Diego state:
10. The Department of Defense (DOD) dedicated support, While we are aware of the benefits provided
supported the ARRL and emphasized in its by amateur operators, we oppose the is-
comments that continued success of existing disaster relief operations suance of a preemption ruling which would
national security and emergency preparedness elevate 'antenna effectiveness' to a position
would significantly suffer above all other considerations. We must,
telecommunications plans involving amateur however, argue that the local government
stations would be severely diminished if state and that its ability to must have the ability to place reasonable
and local ordinances were allowed to prohibit limitations upon the placement and con-
the construction and usage of effective serve disaster victims figuration of amateur radio transmitting
amateur transmission facilities. DOD utilizes and receiving antennas. Such ability is
volunteers in the Military Affiliate Radio Ser- would be hampered. necessary to assure that the local decision-
vice (MARS) ,4 Civil Air Patrol (CAP) and the makers have the authority to protect the
public health, safety and welfare of all
e Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service citizens.
(RACES). It points out that these volunteer In conclusion, I would like to emphasize
communicators are operating radio equip- an important difference between your
ment installed in their homes and that undue regulatory powers and that of local govern-
restrictions on antennas by local authorities 14. In its comments, the ARRL argued meats. Your Commission's approval of the
adversely affect their efforts. DOD states that that the Commission has the jurisdication to preemptive requests would establish a
the responsiveness of these volunteer systems preempt certain local land use regulations 'national policy'. However, any regulation
would be impaired if local ordinances in- which frustrate or prohibit amateur radio adopted by a local jurisdiction could be
terfere with the effectiveness of these communications. It said that the appropriate overturned by your Commission or a court
if such regulation was determined to be
important national telecommunication standard in preemption cases is not the ex- unreasonable.
resources. DOD favors the issuance of a tent of state and local interest in a given
ruling that would set limits for local and state regulation, but rather the impact of that 18. The City of Anderson, Indiana, sum-
regulatory bodies when they are dealing with regulation on Federal goals. Its position is marized some of the problems that face local
amateur stations. that Federal preemption is warranted communiti
es:
11. Various chapters of the American Red whenever local governmental regulations
Cross also came forward to support the relate adversely to the operational aspects of I am sympathetic to the concerns of these
ARRL's request for a preemptive ruling. The amateur communication. The ARRL main- antenna owners and I understand that to
Red Cross works closely with amateur radio tains that localities routinely employ a variety gain the maximum reception from their
volunteers. It believes that without amateurs' of land use devices to preclude the installa- devices, optimal location is necessary.
dedicated support, disaster relief operations tion of effective amateur antennas, including However, the preservation of residential
Ifiveable'
would significantly suffer and that its ability height restrictions, conditional use permits, is jeog rdizeis as neighborhoods
to serve disaster victims would be hampered. building f setbacks and dimensional limitations front t yards by placing acing t these antennas in
yards of homes. Major problems of
It feels that antenna height limitations that on antennas. It sees a declaratory ruling of public safety have been encountered, par-
might be imposed by local bodies will Federal preemption as necessary to cause titularly vision blockage for auto and
negatively affect the service now rendered by municipalities to accommodate amateur pedestrian access. In addition, all com-
the volunteers. operator needs in land use planning efforts. munities are faced with various building lot
12. Cities and counties from various parts 15. James C. O'Connell, an attorney who sizes. Many building lots are so small that
of the United States filed comments in sup- has represented several amateurs before local established setback requirements (in order
port of the ARRL's request for a Federal zoning authorities, said that requiring vulnerable preserve adequate air and light) are
ruling. The comments from the amateurs to seek variances orspecial preemption use cep- these antennas:
Director of Civil Defense, Port Arthur, Texas proval to erect reasonable antennas unduly the exercise of preemptive authority by
are representative: restricts the operation of amateur stations. He the FCC in granting this request would not
suggested that the Commission preempt be in the best interest of the general public.
The Amateur Radio Service plays a vital role zoning ordinances which impose antenna
' with our Civil Defense height limits of less than 65 feet. He said that 19. The National Association of Counties
program herein Port
Arthur and the design of these antennas and this height would represent a reasonable (NACO), the American Planning Association
i towers lends greatly to our ability to com- accommodation of the communication needs (APA) and the National League of Cities
municate during times of disaster. of most amateurs and the legitimate concerns (NLC) all opposed the issuance of an anten-
62
o~=
Ili na preemption ruling. NACO emphasized policies concerning amateur radio operators. called on in times of national or local
~ur
that federal and state power must be viewed 22. Few matters coming before us present emergencies. By its nature,
in harmony and warns that Federal intrusion such a clear dichotomy of viewpoint as does Radio Service also Vi vM_.ft .
into local concerns of health, safety and the instant issue. The cities, counties, local fos_ individuat "ope~t9 1 1E
welfare could weaken the traditional police communities and housing associations see an tiouond.podwi!Upon wei Ig tmg these in-
power exercised by the state and unduly in- obligation to all of their citizens and try to terests, we believe a limited preemption policy
terfere with the legitimate acclivities of the address their concerns. This is accomplished is warranted. State Old IbCN,ltifti
states. NLC believed that both Federal and through regulations, ordinances or covenants operate to p wbxle
local interests can be accommodated without oriented toward the health, safety and general in their oomomoities.ares
a preempting local authority to regulate the in- welfare of those they regulate. At the opposite federal objetxives, and =m two
stallation of amateur radio antennas. The pole are the individual amateur operators and 25-~lecanse amatettr
APA said that the FCC should continue to their support groups who are troubled by 000 we a W as: eti
leave the issue of regulating amateur anten- local regulations which may inhibit the use emplod~a~mothw;htlpRt~Y
nas with the local government and with the of amateur stations or, in some instances, affect the'df
state and Federal courts. totally preclude amateur communications. mumaiiio _a " _ amatat a0ma
Aligned with the operators are such entities ragtdre;Rttai
Discussion as the Department of Defense, the American lions-tbari other: ff they are to provide the
20. When considering preemption, we Red Cross and local civil defense and amateur operator with the communications
must begin with two constitutional provisions. emergency organizations who have found in that he/she desires to engage in. For exam-
The tenth amendment provides that any Amateur Radio a pool of skilled radio pie, an antenna array for international
powers which the constitution either does not operators and a readily available backup net- amateur communications will differ from an
delegate to the United States or does not pro- work. In this situation, we believe it is ap- antenna used to contact other amateur
hibit the states from exercising are reserved propriate to strike a balance between the operators at shorter distances. We will not,
to the states. These are the police powers of federal interest in promoting amateur opera- however, specify any particular height limita-
the states. The Supremacy Clause, however, lions and the legitimate interests of local tion below which a local government may not
provides that the constitution and the laws of governments in regulating local zoning regulate, nor will we suggest the precise
the United States shall supersede any state law matters. The cornerstone on which we will language that must be contained in local or-
to the contrary. Article III, Section 2. Given predicate our decision is that a reasonable ac- dinances, such as mechanisms for special ex-
these basic premises, state laws may be commodation may be made between the two ceptions, variances, or conditional use
preempted in three ways: First, Congress may sides. permits. Nevertheless, local regulations which
''*1 expressly preempt the state law. See Jones v. 23. Preemption is primarily a function of involve placement, screening, or height of
Rath Packing Co., 430 U.S. 519, 525 (1977). the extent of the conflict between federal and antennas based on health, safety, or aesthetic
Or, Congress may indicate its intent to com- state and local regulation. Thus, in con- considerations must be crafted to accom-
pletely occupy a given field so that any state sidering whether our regulations or policies modate reasonably amateur communications,
law encompassed within that field would im- can tolerate a state regulation, we may con- and to represent the minimum practicable
M plicitiy be preempted. Such intent to preempt sider such factors as the severity of the con- regulation to accomplish the local authority's
could be found in a congressional regulatory flict and the reasons underlying the state's legitimate purpose.'
scheme that was so pervasive that it would be regulations. In this regard, we have previously 26. Obviously, we do not have the staff or
reasonable to assume that Congress did not recognized the legitimate and important state financial resources to review all state and local
intend to permit the states to supplement it. interests reflected in local zoning regulations. laws that affect amateur operations. We are
See Fidelity Federal Savings & Loan Assn v. For example, in Earth Satellite Communica- confident, however, that state and local
de la Cuestra, 458 U.S. 141, 153 (1982). tions, Inc., 95 FCC 2d 1223 (1983), we governments will endeavor to legislate in a
recognized that manner that affords appropriate recognition
to the important federal interest at stake here
. countervailing state interests inhere in and thereby avoid unnecessary litigation in
Aw the present situation For example, we this area. Amateur operators who believe that
over-
The Supremacy Clause do not wish to preclude a state or locality local or state governments have been s from exercising jurisdiction over certain reaching and thereby have precluded ac-
'OR however, rprovides that elements of an SMATV operation that complishment of their legitimate communica-
properly may fall within its authority, such eons goals, may, in addition, use this
regulation publication in safety and question is health, not document to bring our policies to the atten-
as zoning M_ the constitution and the provided ided the or
laws of the United States undertaken as a pretext for the actual pur- tion of local tribunals and forums.
pose of frustrating achievement of the 27. Accordingly, the Request for
shall supersede any state preeminent federal objective and so long as Declaratory Ruling filed July 16, 1984, by the
y the non-federal regulation is applied in a American Radio Relay League, Inc., IS
law to the contrary. nondiscriminatory manner. GRANTED to the extent indicated herein
o and, in all other respects, IS DENIED.
24. Similarly, we recognize here that there FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS
are certain general state and local interests COMMISSION
which may, in their even-handed application, William J. Tricarico
n legitimately affect amateur radio facilities. Secretary
Finally, preemption may be warranted when Nonetheless, there is also a strong federal im,
state law conflicts with federal law. Such con- terest in promoting amateur communications.
flicts may occur when "compliance with both Evidence of this interest may be found in the Notes
x Federal and state regulations is a physical im- comprehensive set of rules that the Commis- ,public Notice, August 30, 1984, Mimeo
~t possibility," Florida Lime & Avocado sion has adopted to regulate the amateur No. 6299,49 F.R. 38113, September 14, 1984.
^"w Growers, Inc. v. Paul, 373 U.S. 132,142,143 service.' Those rules set forth procedures for Public Notice, December 19, 1984, Mimeo
(1%3), or when state law "stands as an the licensing of stations and operators, fre- No. 1498•
obstacle to the accomplishment and execution quency allocations, technical standards which 'Order, November 8, 1984, Mimeo No. 770.
13
of the frill and objectives of Con- amateur radio equipment must meet and military MARS y solely under the auspices of the
purposes which recruits volunteer amateur
gress," Nines v. Davidowitz, 312 U.S. 52, 67 operating practices which amateur operators operators to render assistance to It. The
(1941). Furthermore, federal regulations have must follow. We recognize the Amateui Commission is not involved in the MARS
the same effect as federal statutes. Radio Service as a voluntary, Proram.
preemptive mOnCOmmEiQ81 47 C R Part 97.
Fidelity Federal Savings & Loan Association communication service, particularly with -we reiterate that our ruling herein does not
v. de la Custra, supra. respect to providing emergency commumca- reach restrictive convenants In private con-
21. The situation before us requires us to lions. Moreoever, the Amateur Radio Service tractual agreements. Such agreements are
es voluntarily entered Into by the buyer or
_ determine the extent to which state and local provides a reservoir of trained operators, tenant when the agreement is executed and
° zoning regulations may conflict with federal technicians and electronic experts who can be do not usually concern this Commission EFED
November 1985 63
+w,
err
Michael Kreuser
Mail 12315 William Dowdell
Cypress, Texas
77429
I
i July 1989
r
Karen Gandy
City of Southlake
667 N. Carroll Ave.
Southlake, Tx 76092
RE: Zoning Board of Adjustment
Antenna height appeal
Dear Ms. Gandy:
Sorry I missed you last Wednesday when I dropped off the appeal
form for the Zoning Board.
I am enclosing a copy of the Federal Communications Commission
Private Radio Board Ruling PRB-1. Since this ruling is only a few
Ali years old it is likely that Southlake officials are not familiar
with it. This FCC ruling directly applies to my appeal. I would
have have included this with my application but did not have a
copy available to me in Dallas.
Notwithstanding the FCC ruling which, I believe, supports my
request, there are a few other possible concerns which I want
to address. The additional height requested is only 30ft above
the existing limit. This is necessary to provide more reliable
long distance communication. The visual impact of the increased
height will be minimal as the tower will be placed at the
rear of my lot which is 1.Z acres and adjacent to the Army Corp.
property. Also the tower itself should not be compared with
the large high tension power company towers which currently cross
the street and sub division. The power company towers are much,
much, larger and in no way compare to what I plan. The tower will
be installed per the manufactures specifications and local
ordinances to assure safety to private property. Obviously as
the owner of the home I would insist and insure that the tower
be properly installed to afford maximum protection to my own
home.
Sometimes the issue of interference to other radio equipment
comes up in antenna tower discussions. This is obviously a valid,
area of concern. However, interference generally can be minimized
by placing the antenna as far away as possible. The effect of
raising the the antenna height therefore reduces the possibility
of interference. Of course, any interference problems must be
resolved regardless of the antenna height.
The tower I presently own and plan to relocate in Southlake has
been used for a number of years. It is safe and has presented no
prob-i-ems within my neighborhood.
There is also one important benefit for amateur radio operations
in Southlake. Repeatedly, over the years, amateur radio has
i provided an important public service in times of emergency by
providing communications when other means have failed or are no
longer available. My station would be available in case of
i emergencies and could possibly provide a vital link in a local
crisis. The Department of Defense, Red Cross, and local civil
+ defense and emergence organizations have traditionally relied
"al on amateur radio and integrated amateur operations into their
operational plans.
I'd be glad to provide further information on my plans if needed.
I can be reached in Dallas at 214-830-8964. Thank you for you're
help with this matter.
Sincerely Yours,
Michael Kreuser
I
a