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Item 4B - Memo
CITY OF SOUTH LAKE Item 4B MEMORANDUM January 6, 2026 To: Alison D. Ortowski, City Manager From: Shannon Langford, Fire Chief Subject: Approve Resolution No. 26-001, adopting the 2025 Tarrant County Hazard Mitigation Action Plan. Actions Requested: Approve Resolution No. 26-001, adopting the 2025 Tarrant County Hazard Mitigation Action Plan. Background Information: The purpose of this item is to seek City Council approval of Resolution NO. 26-001, adopting the 2025 Tarrant County Hazard Mitigation Action Plan (HazMAP). The purpose of this resolution is to authorize the City of Southlake to participate in the 2025 HazMAP. Hazard mitigation is the effort to reduce loss of life and property by lessening the impact of natural disasters. By identifying risks and vulnerabilities associated with natural hazards, the HazMAP establishes strategies to protect people and property from future hazard events. Adoption of this plan helps break the cycle of disaster damage, reconstruction, and repeated damage. The 2025 HazMAP is coordinated by Tarrant County, the North Central Texas Council of Governments (NCTCOG), and 29 participating jurisdictions. This plan is an update to the previous HazMAP, which expired in 2025, and must be updated every five years. Adoption of the HazMAP is required by resolution and meets the requirements of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, allowing the city to access federal mitigation grant funding that would otherwise be unavailable. Approval of the HazMAP does not commit the city to any current or future financial obligations. Participation in HazMAP ensures Southlake's coordination with regional partners and access to federal mitigation grant programs, supporting long-term planning to protect residents and property from natural hazards. Page 1 of 5 Item 413 Financial Considerations: There are no financial impacts associated with the adoption of this resolution. Strategic Link: This item is linked to the Fire Department's strategy map under the focus area of Safety and Security. It supports the FDB2 Objective, ensuring an effective city response through an all -hazards approach using future -ready practices and forecasting challenges that affect services. Adoption of the Hazard Mitigation Action Plan provides a long-term framework for identifying risks, reducing potential losses, and enhancing Southlake's preparedness and resilience across all hazard types. Citizen Input/ Board Review: Not Applicable. Legal Review: The resolution has been reviewed and approved by the City of Southlake Attorney. Alternatives: The City Council may approve or deny the adoption. Supporting Documents: Attachment A: 2025 v. 2020 Changes Attachment B: Resolution 26-001 Attachment C: Tarrant County Mitigation Action Plan Attachment D: City of Southlake Jurisdictional Annex Staff Recommendation: Approve Resolution No. 26-001, adopting the 2025 Tarrant County Hazard Mitigation Action Plan. Page 2 of 5 Item 4B HazMAP 2020 vs. 2025: Summary of Updates The overall structure of the city's annex is unchanged. The update focuses on refreshed data, revised risk information, and updates to mitigation actions rather than new planning requirements. Chapter 1 (Introduction) Remains unchanged and continues to provide general background and context for the Hazard Mitigation Plan. Chapter 2 (Planning Process) Unchanged from the previous plan. The city's role, participation, and responsibilities under the Hazard Mitigation Plan remain the same. Chapter 3 (Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment) Since the last update, the City of Southlake has seen both continuity and some notable changes in hazard mitigation and community resilience. Development in hazard -prone areas has not changed, as there has been no new construction in these areas since 2020, keeping vulnerability from new development low. On the other hand, building and fire codes have been updated to the 2021 International Fire Code (IFC) and International Building Code (IBC), which improve protection for future development. The hazard risk rankings remain largely consistent, with tornadoes, flooding, and thunderstorms continuing as the highest risks, while earthquakes, expansive soils, wildfire, and winter storms maintain their previous positions. Updated data now better reflect extreme heat, drought, and flooding, highlighting increased monitoring and mitigation efforts. Vulnerable populations, including the elderly, low-income residents, and outdoor laborers, remain a priority for emergency planning and public education. Critical infrastructure, such as schools, hospitals, public safety facilities, and major employers, continues to be identified as essential assets, though updated valuations have been included for city facilities. Flooding remains a concern, with the city continuing participation in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP); the latest Flood Insurance Rate Maps were adopted in 2019, and ongoing efforts focus on permitting, community education, and mitigation for structures in floodplains. Historical event data shows one new flood since the last plan, with $50,000 in property damage but no injuries or fatalities. Other hazards, including tornadoes, wildfires, and winter storms, have not caused new events. Mitigation efforts have expanded in some areas, particularly for drought, extreme heat, and public awareness. Water conservation measures have been strengthened, and contingency plans are in place to limit residential and commercial irrigation during drought conditions. Severe weather mitigation continues to focus on public education and warning systems, which remain the city's primary strategy for reducing risk. Overall, the City of Southlake has maintained its baseline preparedness while updating key policies, codes, and monitoring practices to better protect residents, infrastructure, and property. Page 3 of 5 Item 4B Chapter 4 (Capabilities Assessment) Provides a more current and detailed assessment of Southlake's hazard mitigation capabilities. More plans now explicitly address hazards, including the Master Plan, Capital Improvement Plan, and Land Use Plan, with updates reflecting integration of mitigation strategies, while some plans, like the Economic Development Plan and Stormwater Management Plan, still lack mitigation focus. Ordinances and codes remain largely effective and enforced, with updates to the Building Code (2021) and Fire Department ISO rating (2024) noted. Administrative and technical capabilities are now fully staffed, trained, and coordinated, with warning systems and hazard assessments clearly linked to risk mitigation, though HAZUS modeling and a Community Planner remain gaps. Financial capabilities continue to rely on capital projects and federal grants, but the new chapter emphasizes opportunities to dedicate funds for mitigation and conduct cost —benefit analyses. Education and outreach have been strengthened through Storm Ready programs and initiatives for underserved populations, while broader public engagement remains limited. Overall, the update reflects more current information, better links between resources and mitigation actions, and identifies opportunities for expansion in planning, technical tools, funding, and outreach. Chapter 5 (Mitigation Strategy) The 2020 HazMAP primarily focused on incorporating the plan into existing planning mechanisms, outlining a step-by-step process for proposing changes, gaining approval from the governing body, and implementing actions. It listed specific plans for integration, such as the Southlake Comprehensive Plan, Stormwater Management Plan, and Storm Ready Community Certification, emphasizing that the HazMAP would serve as the primary tool for hazard mitigation. Public involvement was implied but not extensively detailed. The 2025 update builds upon this foundation by expanding the mitigation strategy to include updated action items, priorities, and cost —benefit analyses, reflecting current hazards and lessons learned. It formalizes public involvement both annually and for five-year updates, ensuring ongoing engagement with stakeholders and the broader community. The updated chapter also reinforces the integration of mitigation actions into daily government operations, administrative routines, and fiscal planning, while retaining the HazMAP as the central mechanism. Overall, the 2025 update provides a more detailed, systematic, and transparent framework for both implementation and community participation compared to the 2020 plan. Summary Overall, the 2025 update maintains the structure of the city's Hazard Mitigation Plan while providing refreshed data, updated risk information, and revised mitigation actions. Each chapter builds on the previous plan, enhancing the city's ability to protect residents, infrastructure, and property. Updates to hazard identification, codes, capabilities assessments, and mitigation strategies reflect lessons learned, technological advances, and changes in community priorities. Importantly, the 2025 HazMAP emphasizes stronger integration of mitigation into existing planning mechanisms, more systematic public involvement, and the use of cost —benefit analyses Page 4 of 5 Item 4B to prioritize actions. Together, these updates ensure that Southlake's hazard mitigation efforts remain proactive, coordinated, and resilient, providing a clear framework for ongoing preparedness and long-term risk reduction. Page 5 of 5 RESOLUTION NO. 26-001 A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY OF SOUTHLAKE, TEXAS, ADOPTING THE 2025 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN; AND PROVIDING AN EFFECTIVE DATE. WHEREAS, the City of Southlake, Texas ("City") is a home rule municipality acting under its charter adopted by the electorate pursuant to Article XI, Section 5, of the Texas Constitution and Chapter 9 of the Texas Local Government Code; and WHEREAS the City of Southlake recognizes the threat that natural hazards pose to people and property within our community; and WHEREAS, undertaking hazard mitigation actions before disasters occur reduces the potential for harm to people and property and saves taxpayer dollars; and WHEREAS an adopted hazard mitigation plan is required as a condition of future funding for mitigation projects under multiple Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) pre- and post -disaster mitigation grant programs; and WHEREAS the City of Southlake has fully participated in the update process of the 2025 Tarrant County Hazard Mitigation Action Plan in coordination with Tarrant County and other participating jurisdictions; and WHEREAS the 2025 Tarrant County Hazard Mitigation Action Plan identifies natural hazards and mitigation strategies specific to the City of Southlake and being adopted by the Tarrant County Commissioners' Court for submission to the Texas Division of Emergency Management and FEMA. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE CITY OF SOUTHLAKE, TEXAS,THAT: Adoption: The City of Southlake City Council and Mayor hereby adopts the 2025 Tarrant County Hazard Mitigation Action Plan as the official hazard mitigation plan for the City of Southlake. 2. Implementation: The Emergency Manager and all appropriate departments are encouraged to pursue implementation of the recommended mitigation actions, as feasible and appropriate. 3. Continued Participation: The City of Southlake will continue to actively participate in future updates and implementation efforts of the countywide hazard mitigation plan. 4. Effective Date: This resolution shall take effect immediately upon adoption. PASSED and ADOPTED this day of 2026. APPROVED: SHAWN McCASKILL, MAYOR ATTEST: AMY SHELLEY, CITY SECRETARY 2025 IEM. THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Executive Summary Hazard mitigation helps to reduce or eliminate potential losses from future disasters. Hazard mitigation planning is a process that leads to the implementation of hazard mitigation actions. Tarrant County is familiar with the impact of the hazard on its residents, visitors, infrastructure, environment, and economy. This 2025 update to Tarrant County's Hazard Mitigation Action Plan (HazMAP) reaffirms its commitment to continually improving its countywide mitigation strategy and program. The 2025 hazard mitigation planning process began when Tarrant County assembled a Planning Committee representing a cross section of stakeholders that supported the County for this plan update. The composition of the group was designed to foster FEMA's Whole Community doctrine, which is based on the premise that both the government and its residents are responsible for implementing mitigation initiatives and activities to support the other phases of emergency management. The first task of the Planning Committee was to identify the natural, technological, and human -caused hazards of concern that affect the county. In doing so, the committee assessed the following: • Vulnerability of populations • Vulnerability of community -owned and leased natural and built assets • Risks presented by these hazards to the assets The next step involved thoroughly evaluating the County's current mitigation capabilities and updating the mitigation strategy. The strategy identified five overarching mitigation goals and related objectives that underpin the HazMAP developed to implement hazard mitigation initiatives. The planning team added two goals, one related to High Hazard Potential Dams (HHPDs) and actions to address the Fire Management Assistance Grant for seven goals. These are fully discussed in Section 4: Mitigation Strategy. The goals and objectives provide the framework for the committee to review mitigation actions included in the 2020 Plan and to identify new mitigation actions developed by the county and the jurisdictions to further increase community resilience during the five-year period covered by this plan. Mitigation should form the foundation of all emergency management agency's plans and procedures. Emergency management agencies should adopt mitigation practices to reduce, minimize, or eliminate hazards in their communities. The Tarrant County HazMAP identifies the hazards faced by participating jurisdictions, vulnerabilities to these hazards, and mitigation strategies for the future. The plan fulfills the requirements of the Federal Disaster Mitigation Act, as administered by the Texas Division of Emergency Management (TDEM) and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The planning area for this plan is Tarrant County, Texas (see Figure 1), and it includes the following jurisdictions: TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN • City of Arlington 0 City of Kennedale* • City of Azle 0 City of Lake Worth • City of Bedford • Town of Lakeside • City of Benbrook 0 City of Mansfield • City of Blue Mound* 0 City of North Richland Hills • City of Colleyville 0 Town of Pantego* • City of Crowley 9 City of Richland Hills • City of Dalworthington Gardens* 0 City of River Oaks • Town of Edgecliff Village 9 City of Saginaw • City of Euless 0 City of Southlake • City of Everman 0 Unincorporated Tarrant County • City of Forest Hill* 0 University of North Texas Health and • City of Fort Worth Science Center • City of Grapevine City of Watauga • City of Haltom City • Town of Westlake • City of Haslet City of Westworth Village • City of Hurst City of White Settlement • City of Keller *Jurisdictions that did not participate in the 2025 Tarrant County HazMAP. Although these jurisdictions were not fully profiled, any available data was incorporated into the Tarrant County analyses. TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Figure 1 provides an overview of Tarrant County's location in the State of Texas. MENEM ■■■■■� ���ii►ar•� ■■■■■IMEEMEM ��•,�r r- i ME qW MENEM ■■■■■■■■����/�'�E� ■ME■■■■r W011,I E ffid MIN Legend r-1 Tarrant County Location of . 0 1 100 1EM. GEO Tarrant County_ _mi Figure 1: Location of Tarrant County in Texas TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Figure 2 shows the locations of the jurisdictions, except the unincorporated areas of the county. d Westlake Io08 Haslet Q [� Southlake ° Keller Grapevine e� Azle Colleyville + Saginaw I Watauga North Blue Richland mound Bedford Euless Haltom Hurst I [Lakeside L"aker� Gil Richland Hills River Oaks I Westworth Fort Worth Village- 1 ❑ L� Arlington I Dalworthington IGardens Benbrook � I I Ldgecliff Forest Villages Hill Kennedale Everman 5 I it Crowley Mansfield L— — — — — — — — J Legend 77 City Boundaries City Boundaries N J County Border ; .��ouNr •., 0 3 5 QIEM GE4 TxrrantCountv y= aim, Figure 2: HazMAP Jurisdictions in Tarrant County This HazMAP is the result of five years of updated studies, data collection, analysis, and community feedback. Representatives and citizens from participating jurisdictions provided feedback in public surveys to discuss the hazards their communities face and the vulnerabilities those hazards present. Representatives from each participating jurisdiction reviewed drafts of the HazMAP and added input to the mitigation strategies presented in the plan. Tarrant County citizens were also active participants in the development of the plan. Citizens participated in surveys that were advertised online on bulletin boards, and in newsletters to share their concerns about hazards faced in the community and how to mitigate the effects of these hazards. IV TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN All participants involved in this plan understand the benefits of developing and implementing mitigation plans and strategies. Elected officials, public safety organizations, planners, and many others have worked together to develop and implement this HazMAP, displaying that they have the vision to implement mitigation practices and therefore reduce the loss of life and property in their communities. TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Table of Contents Section 1: Introduction Authority......................................................................................... Scope............................................................................................. Purpose.......................................................................................... PlanOrganization........................................................................... Structure of the Jurisdictional Annexes ...................................... Tarrant County Hazard Mitigation Strategy Maintenance Process Adopting the Tarrant County Hazard Mitigation Action Plan.......... Section 2: Planning Process Element A Requirements ............................................ Collaborative Process .................................................. Hazard Mitigation Planning Team Points of Contact Public Involvement...................................................... Existing Data and Plans .............................................. Previous Plan Incorporation ........................................ Timeframe................................................................... Planning Meetings....................................................... Section 3: Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Hazard Identification............................................................................. Ranking and Prioritizing Hazards......................................................... Geographic Area Affected................................................................ Probability of Future Occurrence...................................................... Major Disaster Declarations since the 2013 Hazard Mitigation Plan Vulnerability Assessment..................................................................... NationalRisk Index........................................................................... Critical Facilities................................................................................ Vulnerable Populations..................................................................... Changes in Development..................................................................... 1 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 .5 .5 .8 .9 10 10 13 13 14 15 16 16 16 19 19 20 22 33 35 vii TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Increases in Vulnerability ........................... Decreases in Vulnerability ......................... CivilUnrest .................................................... Location and Extent ................................... Previous Historical Occurrences ................ Probability of Future Events ....................... Cyber Terrorism ............................................. Location and Extent ................................... Previous Historical Occurrences ................ Probability of Future Events ....................... Vulnerability Assessment ........................... Drought.......................................................... Location and Extent ................................... Previous Historical Occurrences ................ Probability of Future Events ....................... Impact of Climate Trends and Variations... Vulnerability Assessment ........................... Development Trends .................................. Earthquake.................................................... Location and Extent ................................... Previous Historical Occurrences ................ Probability of Future Events ....................... Impact of Climate Trends and Variations... Vulnerability Assessment ........................... Development Trends .................................. Expansive Soils ............................................. Location and Extent ................................... Previous Historical Occurrences ................ Probability of Future Events ....................... Impact of Climate Trends and Variations... Vulnerability Assessment ........................... Development Trends .................................. Extreme Heat ................................................. ................ 36 ................ 39 ................ 42 ................ 42 ................ 42 ................ 43 ................ 44 ................ 44 ................ 45 ................ 46 ................ 46 ................ 49 ................ 49 ................ 57 ................ 59 ................ 61 ................ 62 ................ 66 ................ 68 ................ 68 ................ 72 ................ 75 ................ 76 ................ 76 ................ 79 ................ 80 ................ 80 ................ 82 ................ 82 ................ 82 ................ 83 ................ 83 ................ 85 viii TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Location and Extent ..................................................... Previous Historical Occurrences .................................. Probability of Future Events ......................................... Impact of Climate Trends and Variations ..................... Vulnerability Assessment ............................................. Development Trends .................................................... Vulnerability Score ....................................................... Flooding........................................................................... Location and Extent ..................................................... Previous Historical Occurrences .................................. Probability of Future Events ......................................... Impact on Climate Trends and Variations .................... Vulnerability Assessment ............................................. Development Trends .................................................... Participation in the National Flood Insurance Program DamFailure..................................................................... Technological Hazards .................................................... Thunderstorms — Including Hail, Wind, and Lightning..... Location and Extent ..................................................... Previous Historical Occurrences .................................. Probability of Future Events ......................................... Impact of Climate Trends and Variations ..................... Vulnerability Assessment ............................................. Development Trends .................................................... Vulnerability Score ....................................................... Tornado........................................................................... Location and Extent ..................................................... Previous Historical Occurrences .................................. Probability of Future Events ......................................... Impact of Climate Trends and Variations ..................... Vulnerability Assessment ............................................. Development Trends .................................................... Wildfire............................................................................. ........................................................................ 85 ........................................................................ 87 ........................................................................ 87 ........................................................................ 88 ........................................................................ 91 ........................................................................ 94 ........................................................................ 95 ........................................................................ 98 ........................................................................ 98 ...................................................................... 103 ...................................................................... 105 ...................................................................... 105 ...................................................................... 106 ...................................................................... 106 ..................................................................... 107 ...................................................................... 114 ...................................................................... 115 ...................................................................... 116 ...................................................................... 117 ...................................................................... 123 ...................................................................... 127 ...................................................................... 127 ...................................................................... 128 ...................................................................... 132 ...................................................................... 133 ...................................................................... 137 ...................................................................... 137 ...................................................................... 144 ...................................................................... 150 ...................................................................... 150 ...................................................................... 151 ...................................................................... 155 ...................................................................... 159 ix TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Location and Extent .................................. Previous Historical Occurrences ............... Probability of Future Events ...................... Impact on Climate Trends and Variations. Vulnerability Assessment .......................... Winter Storms ............................................... Location and Extent .................................. Previous Historical Occurrences ............... Probability of Future Events ...................... Impact of Climate Trends and Variations.. Vulnerability Assessment .......................... Development Trends ................................. Section 4: Mitigation Strategy Funding Priorities ...................................... FEMA-Funded Projects in Tarrant County Mitigation Goals and Objectives ............... Mitigation Action Items ............................. Section 5: Plan Maintenance Plan Implementation ............................................. Evaluation............................................................. Multijurisdictional Strategy and Considerations ... PlanUpdate.......................................................... Plan Maintenance ................................................. Continued Public Involvement .............................. Incorporation into Existing Planning Mechanisms Section 6: Conclusion Appendix A: Documentation from Planning and Public Meetings Meeting Minutes and PowerPoint Slides... What Is Mitigation? .................................... ...................... 159 ...................... 162 ...................... 164 ...................... 165 ...................... 165 ...................... 170 ...................... 170 ...................... 171 ...................... 173 ...................... 175 ...................... 175 ...................... 175 178 178 178 179 183 191 ......................191 ......................193 x TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Planning Roles and Responsibilities..................................................................................................... 194 PowerPoint Documentation................................................................................................................... 197 Engagement with Neighboring Communities........................................................................................ 202 Public Outreach Survey Engagement...................................................................................................203 Documentation by the Jurisdictions....................................................................................................... 204 SurveyDocumentation.......................................................................................................................... 224 Appendix B: Acronyms 235 Appendix C: Dam Profile Information (NOT PUBLIC) Dam Failure Overview State Dam Safety Office Coordination ........ High Hazard Potential Dam Criteria ............ Probability of Future Events ........................ General Vulnerability Assessment of Dams HHPD Qualifying Dam Assessment Profiles Conclusion/Summary................................... Appendix D: Adoptions List of Figures Figure 1: Location of Tarrant County in Texas............................................................. Figure 2: HazMAP Jurisdictions in Tarrant County ...................................................... Figure 3: National Risk Index Score by Census Tract for Tarrant County ................... Figure 4: Locations of Fire Stations and Law Enforcement Facilities, Tarrant County Figure 5: Locations of Hospitals and Urgent Care Centers in Tarrant County ............ Figure 6: Locations of Schools in Tarrant County........................................................ Figure 7: Locations of Colleges and Universities in Tarrant County ............................ Figure 8: Locations of Airports in Tarrant County........................................................ Figure 9: Locations of Child Care Centers in Tarrant County ...................................... Figure 10: Locations of Nursing Homes in Tarrant County .......................................... Figure 11: Locations of Mobile Home Parks in Tarrant County ................................... Figure 12: Social Vulnerability Index by Census Tract for Tarrant County .................. Figure 13: Social Vulnerability Index Themes for Tarrant County ............................... Figure 14:Types of Cyber Attacks................................................................................ 7 NOW, ..iii . iv 21 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 34 35 45 xi TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Figure 15: United States Drought Monitor Class Change, Texas, 2019-2020...........................................49 Figure 16: United States Drought Monitor Class Change, Texas, 2020-2021...........................................50 Figure 17: United States Drought Monitor Class Change, Texas, 2021-2022...........................................51 Figure 18: United States Drought Monitor Class Change, Texas 2022-2023............................................52 Figure 19: United States Drought Monitor Class Change, Texas, 2024.....................................................53 Figure 20: Drought Conditions for Tarrant County as of September 17, 2024...........................................54 Figure 21: Drought Conditions, Tarrant County, Texas, 2000-2025.......................................................... 55 Figure 22: Keetch-Byram Drought Index for Texas, Circle Indicating Tarrant County ............................... 57 Figure 23: United States Seasonal Drought Outlook (August 15—November 30, 2024) ............................ 60 Figure 24: Effects of Higher and Lower Emissions on 100-Degree Days through 2100 ............................ 60 Figure 25: Climate Change Forecast, Future Climate Trends for Tarrant County, Texas .......................... 62 Figure 26: National Risk Index Data on Estimated Annual Loss from Drought, Tarrant County, Texas .... 63 Figure 27: FEMA Community Lifelines.......................................................................................................63 Figure 28: Community Resilience Estimates, Tarrant County, 2022..........................................................65 Figure 29: Hispanic Origin and Race, Tarrant County, 2022......................................................................65 Figure 30: Climate and Economic Justice Areas (in Gray), Tarrant County...............................................66 Figure 31: Grass and Weeds on Fire, Parker County, 2018....................................................................... 67 Figure 32: National Risk Index Data for Drought Risk, Tarrant County......................................................67 Figure 33: National Seismic Hazard Model.................................................................................................69 Figure 34: Seismic Risk Levels for Texas...................................................................................................71 Figure 35: Seismic Risk Level for Tarrant County...................................................................................... 72 Figure 36: Historic Earthquake Epicenters in Tarrant County.................................................................... 73 Figure 37: Earthquakes above M2 in and near Tarrant County, 2020-2024............................................. 74 Figure 38: Earthquakes above M2 Recorded Near Tarrant County, 2017-2020....................................... 74 Figure 39: Forecast for Damage from Natural and Induced Earthquakes in 2017.....................................75 Figure 40: National Risk Index Data on Earthquake Risk, Tarrant County................................................76 Figure 41: National Risk Index Data on Estimated Annual Loss from Earthquakes, Tarrant County ........ 77 Figure 42: FEMA Community Lifelines.......................................................................................................77 Figure 43: 2022 Community Resilience Estimates, Tarrant County, 2022.................................................79 Figure 44: Location and Frequency of Expansive Soils in Texas...............................................................81 Figure 45: Water Systems Community Lifeline...........................................................................................84 Figure46: Heat Index Chart........................................................................................................................86 Figure 47: Number of Days over 105°F by Mid-Century.............................................................................89 Figure 48: Average Number of Days Annually Expected to Exceed 100°F by the End of the Century .....90 Figure 49: Urban Heat Island Severity, Tarrant County Region, 2022.......................................................91 Figure 50: FEMA Community Lifelines.......................................................................................................95 Figure 51: Risk Ratings for Extreme Heat, Tarrant County........................................................................96 Figure 52: Tarrant County Floodway and 100-Year Floodplain..................................................................99 Figure 53: Low -Water Crossings in Tarrant County, 2012.......................................................................100 Figure 54: Major River Basins of Texas....................................................................................................101 Figure 55: Trinity River Watershed and the Location of Tarrant County..................................................102 Figure 56: FEMA Community Lifelines.....................................................................................................107 Figure 57: CRS Communities in Tarrant County......................................................................................113 xii TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Figure 58: Dangerous Thunderstorm Alerts in the United States, 2022...................................................116 Figure 59: Lightning Flashes and Thunder Hours, Texas 2022................................................................118 Figure 60: United States Lightning Density...............................................................................................118 Figure 61: Hail Risk across the United States..........................................................................................119 Figure 62: Strong Wind Risk across the United States.............................................................................119 Figure 63: Lightning Risk across the United States..................................................................................119 Figure 64: Lightning Flashes in Tarrant County, 2022.............................................................................. 123 Figure 65: FEMA Community Lifelines.....................................................................................................133 Figure 66: Risk Ratings for Tarrant County, Texas..................................................................................134 Figure 67: Severe Thunderstorm Risk Categories...................................................................................135 Figure 68: Tornado Paths, 1950-2021.....................................................................................................138 Figure 69: Number of Tornadoes by Month, Tarrant County, 1950-2024................................................140 Figure 70: Number of Tornadoes by Intensity, Tarrant County................................................................140 Figure 71: Time of Tornado Occurrence, Tarrant County, 1950-2024....................................................141 Figure 72: Tornado Tracks, Tarrant County, 1880-2024.........................................................................142 Figure 73: Number of Tornadoes by Year, Tarrant County,1880-2024...................................................143 Figure 74: Number of Tornadoes in Tarrant and Surrounding Counties, 1880-2024..............................144 Figure 75: Frequency of Tornadoes in Texas Counties............................................................................145 Figure 76: Historical Losses from Tornadoes in Texas Counties, 2000-2021.........................................146 Figure 77: Locations of Mobile Home Parks in Tarrant County................................................................152 Figure 78: FEMA Community Lifelines.....................................................................................................156 Figure 79: National Risk Index Data for Tornadoes, Tarrant County.......................................................157 Figure 80: Wildland—Urban Interface Map of Tarrant County...................................................................160 Figure 81: Levels of Threat of Wildfire in Tarrant County.........................................................................162 Figure 82: Number of Wildfires Reported by Month between 2005 and 2021..........................................163 Figure 83: Acres Burned by Wildfires in Tarrant County, 2005-2021......................................................164 Figure 84: Map of the Risk of Fire in Tarrant County................................................................................ 165 Figure 85: Community Lifelines................................................................................................................166 Figure 86: National Risk Index Data on Expected Annual Loss from Wildfire in Tarrant County — Map, Legend, and Score....................................................................................................................................167 Figure 87: Vulnerable Populations in Tarrant County...............................................................................168 Figure 88: National Risk Index Data on Wildfire Risk, Tarrant County.....................................................169 Figure 89: Weather Conditions and the Levels of the Sperry—Piltz Ice Accumulation Index....................170 Figure 90: "Cobblestone ice" on North Texas Roads...............................................................................172 Figure 91: Sleet Accumulation in Fort Worth Texas, January 2023.........................................................172 Figure 92: National Risk Index for Winter Weather Risk, Tarrant County................................................174 Figure 93: Growing Degree Days in December in Fort Worth..................................................................174 Figure 94: Population Growth, North Central Texas, 2020 and Projected for 2045.................................176 Figure95: Community Lifelines................................................................................................................177 Figure 96: Outreach Letter to Neighboring Communities.........................................................................202 Figure 97: High and Significant Hazard Dam Ratings for Tarrant County................................................242 Figure 98: TCEQ Dam Safety Jurisdiction Criterion by Height and Maximum Storage Capacity ............243 Figure 99: Dam Condition Ratings for High and Significant Hazard Dams in Tarrant County.................253 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Figure100: Community Lifelines................................................................................................. Figure 101: Sheri Capeheart Nature Preserve (City of Arlington) ............................................... Figure 102: Aerial View of Arlington Southwest Nature Preserve Dam ....................................... Figure 103: Arlington Southwest Nature Preserve Dam.............................................................. Figure 104: Aerial View of Arlington Southwest Preserve Nature Dam Failure Inundation Area Figure 105: Bal Lake Dam Location............................................................................................. List of Tables Table 1: Jurisdiction Stakeholders...................................................................................................... Table 2: Tarrant County HMPT Members........................................................................................... Table 3: Data Collection Sources....................................................................................................... Table 4: Methods of Integrating the Previous HazMAP into Jurisdictions' Plans ............................... Table 5: Timeframe for Update of Tarrant County Hazard Mitigation Action Plan ............................. Table 6: Planning Meetings Snapshot................................................................................................ Table 7: Extent Scale for Natural Hazards.......................................................................................... Table 8: Hazard Risk Ranking by Jurisdiction.................................................................................... Table 9: Tarrant County Major Disaster Declarations since 2013...................................................... Table 10: Critical Facilities by Jurisdiction.......................................................................................... Table 11: Changes in Population for Certain Localities, 2015-2023.................................................. Table 12: Changes in Population for Certain Localities, 2017-2023.................................................. Table 13: National Drought Mitigation Center Drought Indices with Drought Severity ....................... Table 14: Historical Periods of Drought, Tarrant County, 2015-2024................................................ Table 15: Days per Year in Tarrant County with Temperature above 100 °F with Lower Emissions. Table 16: Days per Year in Tarrant County with Temperature above 100 °F with Higher Emissions Table 17: Magnitude/Intensity Comparison for Earthquakes.............................................................. Table 18: National Resources Conservation Service Soil Linear Extensibility Risk Categories ........ Table 19: Heat Classifications............................................................................................................ Table 20: Heat Index and Warnings................................................................................................... Table 21: Historical Periods of Extreme Heat, Tarrant County, 2020-2023....................................... Table 22: Expected Loss Values, Tarrant County.............................................................................. Table 23: Expected Loss Values in Tarrant County by Jurisdiction................................................... Table 24: Heat Wave Index Score, Tarrant County............................................................................ Table 25: Heat Wave Risk Factor Breakdown.................................................................................... Table 26: Features of Major River Basins in Tarrant County.............................................................. Table 27: Conditions of Lakes in Tarrant County, September............................................................ Table 28: Historical Flood Events, 2019-2024................................................................................... Table 29: Overview of Repetitive Loss Properties in Tarrant County by Jurisdiction ......................... Table 30: Payments for Repetitive Loss Properties in Tarrant County by Jurisdiction ....................... Table 31: Payments for Severe Repetitive Loss Properties in Tarrant County by Jurisdiction .......... Table 32: Community Rating System Eligible Communities, Effective August 28, 2024 ................... Table 33: The Tornado and Storm Research Organization Hailstorm Intensity Scale ....................... 256 257 258 258 259 261 6 8 .10 .11 .13 .13 .17 .18 .19 .23 .38 .39 .56 .58 .61 .61 .68 .82 .86 .86 .87 .92 .92 .96 .96 101 103 104 108 110 111 112 120 xiv TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Table 34: The Beaufort Scale of Wind (Nautical).....................................................................................121 Table 35: Lightning Activity Level and Its Effects.....................................................................................122 Table 36: Hail, Thunderstorm Wind, and Lightning Events, Tarrant County, 01/01/2020-09/17/2024 .... 123 Table 37: Expected Loss Values Tarrant County Thunderstorms............................................................128 Table 38: Expected Loss Values, Thunderstorms, Tarrant County Jurisdictions.....................................129 Table 39: National Risk Index Scores for Hail, Strong Wind, and Lightning, Tarrant County ..................134 Table 40: Hail, Strong Wind, and Lightning Risk Factor Breakdown........................................................135 Table 41: Enhanced Fujita Scale for Tornadoes......................................................................................139 Table 42: Historical Losses from Tornadoes, Tarrant County 2015-2022...............................................146 Table 43: Potential Annualized Losses, Tarrant County & Jurisdictions..................................................153 Table 44: Tornado Index Score, Tarrant County......................................................................................158 Table 45: Tornado Risk Factor Breakdown..............................................................................................158 Table 46: Vulnerable Populations, Tarrant County, All Areas..................................................................168 Table 47: Dallas/Fort Worth Freeze Data and Cold Season Temperatures, 2014-2024 .........................171 Table 48: Historical Events of Winter Storms since 2015.........................................................................173 Table 49: Historical Sleet Events in Tarrant County since 2015...............................................................173 Table 50: FEMA-Funded Projects in Tarrant County................................................................................179 Table 51: 2025 Hazard Mitigation Goals and Objectives..........................................................................180 Table 52: FEMA Elements, Local Mitigation Planning Policy Guide........................................................183 Table 53: Timetable of the Plan Review Process.....................................................................................186 Table 54: Ownership of High/Significant Hazard Dams in Tarrant County, by Jurisdiction ......................241 Table 55: Complete Inventory of Dams for Tarrant County for all High and Significant Levels ...............245 Table 56: Potential Impacts of Arlington Southwest Nature Preserve Dam Failure.................................260 Table 57: Potential Environmental Dam Failure Impacts to Threatened Species in Tarrant County ....... 260 Table 58: Potential Environmental Dam Failure Impacts to Threatened Species in Tarrant County ....... 263 xv TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK xvi TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Section 1: Introduction The Tarrant County Hazard Mitigation Action Plan (HazMAP) fulfills the requirements of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA 2000), which is administered by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). DMA 2000 provides federal assistance to state and local emergency management entities to mitigate the effects of disasters. The HazMAP also encourages cooperation among various organizations across political subdivisions. The 2025 HazMAP is an update of the 2020 FEMA-approved HazMAP. The title was changed from "Local Mitigation Action Plan" to "Hazard Mitigation Action Plan" to clearly specify the intent of the document. With each update, new challenges are identified and new strategies proposed, and when the plan is incorporated, it grows in complexity but without the loss of utility. The content in this plan update is designed and organized to be as reader -friendly and functional as possible. The structure and format of this plan have changed significantly from the initial mitigation plan adopted in 2020. However, the quality of the information has been maintained. This update fulfills the requirements of DMA 2000. The Tarrant County Hazard Mitigation Planning Team (HMPT) reviewed the evolution of the planning processes over the previous three years. This plan is the result of that effort. The information in Section 3 reflects the impact of the hazards on all of Tarrant County, not solely on the participating jurisdictions. In addition, "Tarrant County" refers to the county as a whole and not solely to its unincorporated areas. The results of the vulnerability analysis and risk assessment, including historical events, are documented in the individual annexes of the participating jurisdictions. Authority The purpose of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Stafford Act), as amended by DMA 2000, is "to reduce the loss of life and property, human suffering, economic disruption, and disaster assistance costs from natural disasters." Section 322 of the Act specifically addresses mitigation planning and requires state and local governments to prepare multi -hazard mitigation plans as a precondition for receiving FEMA mitigation grants. Scope The Tarrant County HazMAP encompasses all participating entities in Tarrant County, as noted in the Executive Summary. This plan identifies natural hazards that could threaten life and property in the communities. Some jurisdictions also address technological hazards, even though assessing them is not a requirement for this HazMAP. The scope of this plan includes both short- and long-term mitigation strategies, implementation actions, and possible sources of project funding to mitigate identified hazards. TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Purpose Tarrant County is susceptible to a number of natural hazards that can cause loss of life and property, economic hardship, and threats to public health and safety. Natural disasters cannot be prevented. However, their impact on people and property can be lessened through hazard mitigation measures. This HazMAP is intended to enhance and complement federal and state recommendations for the mitigation of natural and technological hazards in the following ways: • Substantially reduce the risk of loss of life, injuries, and hardship from natural and technological disasters Improve public awareness of the need for individual preparedness and for building safer, more disaster -resilient communities Develop strategies for long-term community sustainability during community disasters • Develop governmental and business continuity plans that will continue essential private sector and governmental operations during disasters Mitigation planning is imperative to reduce the impact of disasters in Tarrant County. This plan is an excellent method for organizing Tarrant County's mitigation strategies. The implementation of the plan and its components is vital to preparing a community that is resilient to the effects of a disaster. The implementation of this HazMAP can reduce the loss of life and property and allow the participating communities to operate with minimal disruption of vital services to citizens. This HazMAP provides a risk assessment of the hazards to which Tarrant County is exposed, and it puts forth several mitigation goals and objectives based on that risk assessment. This Tarrant County HazMAP was developed by the Tarrant County HMPT. It represents the collective efforts of citizens, elected and appointed government officials, business leaders, nonprofit organizations, and other stakeholders. This plan and timely updates of this plan will allow Tarrant County and participating jurisdictions to comply with DMA 2000 and its regulations, 44 CFR Part 201.6, thus establishing their eligibility to apply for federal aid for technical assistance and post -disaster hazard mitigation project funding. The update also prioritizes risks and vulnerabilities in an effort to minimize the effects of disasters in the participating communities. Plan Organization The 2025 Tarrant County HazMAP is organized into six sections to satisfy the mitigation requirements in 44 CFR Part 201.6. Four appendices provide the required supporting documentation. In addition, 27 cities and towns and the University of North Texas Health Science Center have prepared annexes. Tarrant County provided an annex that applies to County properties and the unincorporated areas of the county. This HazMAP contains the following sections: 1. Section 1: Introduction — Describes the purpose of the Tarrant County HazMAP and introduces the mitigation planning process. TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 2. Section 2: Planning Process — Describes the planning process and organization for each participating jurisdiction, satisfying requirements 201.6(c)(1), 201.6(b)(2), 201.6(b)(1), 201.6(b)(3), 201.6(c)(4)(iii), and 201.6(c)(4)(i). 3. Section 3: Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment — Describes the hazards, their locations, previous occurrences, and jurisdictional profiles, satisfying requirements 201.6(c)(2)(i) and 201.6(c)(2)(ii). 4. Section 4: Mitigation Strategy— provides the jurisdiction's mitigation strategies and action items. It presents the mitigation goals and the action items associated with those goals for the prior HazMAP, if the jurisdiction was involved, and the goals and action items for this HazMAP. It fulfills requirements §201.6(c)(3)(ii)), §201.6(c)(3)(i)), §201.6(c)(3)(iv)), and §201.6(c)(3)(iii). 5. Section 5: Plan Maintenance — Describes plan monitoring, evaluating, and updating strategies, plan incorporation, and future public updates for each participating jurisdiction, satisfying requirements 201.6(c)(4)(i), 201.6(c)(4)(ii), and 201.6(c)(4)(iii). 6. Section 6: Conclusion 7. Appendixes > Appendix A: Documentation from Planning and Public Meetings • Appendix B: Acronyms > Appendix C: Dam Profile Information (NOT PUBLIC) • Appendix D: Adoptions 8. Individual Jurisdictional Annexes, as described below To clarify terms, "section" refers to parts of the main body of this HazMAP, while "chapter" refers to parts of the jurisdictional annexes. otructure of true Jurisdictional Annexes The annexes were developed by the individual jurisdictions to provide a level of detail specific to the jurisdiction. Each annex contains five chapters. • Chapter 1 provides a brief introduction to the jurisdiction and contents of the annex. • Chapter 2 covers the planning process and those involved. It includes the plan development and adoption process and the organization of the planning effort, including Local Planning Team (LPT) members. This fulfills requirements §201.6(c)(1)), §201.6(b)(2)), §201.6(b)(1)), §201.6(b)(3)), §201.6(c)(4)(iii)), and §201.6(c)(4)(i). • Chapter 3 provides the hazard identification and risk assessment. The assessment includes the geographic area(s) affected, the probability of occurrence, the maximum probable extent, and vulnerability narratives, which identify points of vulnerability in each jurisdiction for each hazard. Q TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN In addition, Chapter 3 discusses the jurisdiction's compliance with the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). This fulfills requirements §201.6(c)(2)(i)), §201.6(c)(2)(ii)), §201.6(c)(2)(ii)(A)), §201.6(c)(2)(ii)(B)), §201.6(c)(2)(ii)(C)), and §201.6(c)(2)(iii). • Chapter 4 provides a summary of jurisdictional capabilities. It includes planning and regulatory capabilities, administrative and technical capabilities, financial capabilities, and education and outreach capabilities. It fulfills requirement §201.6(c)(3). • Chapter 5 provides the jurisdiction's mitigation strategies and action items. It presents the mitigation goals and the action items associated with those goals for the prior HazMAP, if the jurisdiction was involved, and the goals and action items for this HazMAP. It fulfills requirements §201.6(c)(3)(ii)), §201.6(c)(3)(i)), §201.6(c)(3)(iv)), and §201.6(c)(3)(iii). Tarrant County Hazard Mitigation Strategy Maintenance Process The Tarrant County HMPT, consisting of representatives from each participating jurisdiction, will continue to collaborate as a planning group. Primary contact will be through emails and conference calls, with strategy meetings occurring at least annually. The points of contact for the county and jurisdictions will jointly lead the plan maintenance and update process by: • Assisting jurisdictional LPTs in updating their individual contributions to the county HazMAP • Assisting LPTs that would like to begin their mitigation planning process • Facilitating Tarrant County HazMAP meetings and disseminating information • Collaborating in collecting and analyzing data for the countywide sections • Requesting updates and status reports on planning mechanisms • Requesting updates and status reports on mitigation action projects • Assisting jurisdictions with mitigation grants • Assisting jurisdictions with implementing mitigation goals and action projects • Providing mitigation training opportunities • Maintaining the documentation of local adoption resolutions for the Tarrant County HazMAP Adopting the Tarrant County Hazard Mitigation Action Plan Once the Tarrant County HazMAP has received FEMA "Approved Pending Local Adoption," each participating jurisdiction will take the Tarrant County HazMAP to its Commissioner's Court or City Council for final public comment and local adoption. A copy of the resolution will be inserted into the Tarrant County HazMAP and held on file at Tarrant County. 4 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Section 2: Planning Process Element A Requirements Al. Does the plan document the planning process, including how it was prepared and who was involved in the process for each jurisdiction? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(1)) A2. Does the plan document an opportunity for neighboring communities, local and regional agencies involved in hazard mitigation activities, and agencies that have the authority to regulate development, as well as businesses, academia and other private and non-profit interests to be _ involved in the planning process? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(b)(2)) ",�f F'EMA A3. Does the plan document how the public was involved in the planning process during the drafting stage and prior to plan approval? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(b)(1)) A4. Does the plan describe the review and incorporation of existing plans, studies, reports and technical information? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(b)(3)) E2. Was the plan revised to reflect changes in priorities and progress in local mitigation efforts? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(d)(3)) HHPD1: Did the plan describe the incorporation of existing plans, studies, reports and technical information for HHPDs [High Hazard Potential Dams]? Collaborative Process During the planning process, jurisdictions were encouraged to work with neighboring jurisdictions within the county, local, and regional agencies and other mitigation partners to develop a unified approach to mitigation and address situations that could affect one another. Neighboring communities were outreached to via email and the evidence in located in Appendix A. Bringing together mitigation strategies from the unincorporated area of the county and its 29 participating jurisdictions into a unified plan is a strategy that offers a model for countywide coordination. The Tarrant County HMPT comprised leaders from each participating jurisdiction's LPT and other relevant agencies. Each LPT provided local hazard information and capabilities. Each jurisdiction's vulnerabilities and mitigation needs were explicitly recognized in the strategy, along with those of the overall county. Participating jurisdictions emailed the stakeholders listed in Table 1, inviting them to participate in the mitigation planning process and attend public meetings via their websites and public flyers. Stakeholders were encouraged to review the plan and provide relevant information and feedback. TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Table 1: Jurisdiction Stakeholders Organization Represented City of Arlington Position Emergency Management Administrator City of Arlington Emergency Management Coordinator (EMC) City of Azle EMC City of Azle Fire Chief/Fire Marshal City of Bedford Deputy Chief Fire Marshal City of Benbrook Fire Department Assistant Fire Chief/Emergency Operations Coordinator (EOC) City of Blue Mound Fire Chief City of Burleson EOC Manager City of Colleyville EMC City of Crowley Deputy Fire Chief/Fire Marshal City of Crowley Public Safety Chief City of Euless EMC City of Everman Fire Chief City of Everman Fire Department Assistant Fire Chief City of Forest Hill Fire Department Fire Chief, EMC, Fire Marshal City of Fort Worth EMC City of Fort Worth Fire Chief/EMC City of Fort Worth Emergency Management Coordinator City of Fort Worth Fire Department — Office of Emergency Management Emergency Management Officer 2 City of Grand Prairie Assistant Director/EMC City of Grand Prairie EMC City of Grapevine Emergency Management Coordinator City of Haltom City Director of Community Preparedness and Outreach/ EMC City of Haltom City EM Analyst City of Haslet EMC City of Holton City Director of Community Preparedness and Outreach/EMC City of Hurst Assistant City Manager City of Hurst Assistant Fire Chief City of Hurst Assistant to the City Manager City of Hurst Director of Utilities City of Hurst EMC TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Organization Represented City of Hurst Position Fire Chief City of Hurst City Engineer City of Hurst Director of Information Technology (IT) City of Hurst Executive Director of Public Works City of Hurst Fire Department Assistant Fire Chief City of Hurst Fire Department Captain/Fire Inspector City of Hurst Fire Department Fire Marshal City of Hurst Police Department Assistant Police Chief City of Keller Fire Chief City of Kennedale Fire Chief/EMC City of Lake Worth Fire Department Fire Chief City of Lake Worth Fire Department Assistant Fire Chief Town of Lakeside EMC City of Mansfield EMC City of Mansfield Assistant EM City of North Richland Hills EMC City of Richland Hills Fire Chief City of Richland Hills Fire Marshal/EMC City of River Oaks EMC City of Saginaw Fire Chief City of South Lake Fire Chief City of Samson Park Fire Chief/EMC City of Watauga Fire Chief/EMC City of Weatherford Fire Department Administrative Assistant to the Fire Marshal Town of Westlake Fire Chief City of Westworth Village City Administrator/EMC City of White Settlement Police Chief City of White Settlement Fire Department Fire Chief County of Denton EM Director/Coordinator County of Tarrant Assistant EMC County of Wise — Office of Emergency Management Mitigation and Recovery Coordinator Dallas — Fort Worth Airport Senior IT Manager TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Organization Represented Dallas — Fort Worth Airport Position Sr. Emergency Manager Dallas — Fort Worth Airport Emergency Manager (EM) Southlake Emergency Management Emergency Manager Specialist The North Central Texas Council of Governments (NCTCOG) Director EM — Preparedness Town of Edgecliff Village Fire Chief/EMC Town of Westover Hills Chief of Police University of North Texas Health Science Center After Action Review (AAR) Manager Hazard Mitiaation Plannina Team Points of Contact Table 2 lists members of the Tarrant County HMPT. During this plan update, the HMPT members were also the point(s) of contact for their respective jurisdictions. LPT members for each jurisdiction are in their respective jurisdictional annexes. Table 2: Tarrant County HMPT Members Jurisdiction Arlington .. Title Emergency Management Administrator Role in the HMPT Jurisdictional information Arlington Emergency Management Coordinator Jurisdictional information Azle Emergency Management Coordinator Jurisdictional information Bedford Deputy Chief of Emergency Operations Jurisdictional information Benbrook Assistant Fire Chief/Emergency Management Coordinator Jurisdictional Information Colleyville Emergency Management Coordinator Jurisdictional information Crowley Emergency Management Coordinator Jurisdictional information Edgecliff Village Fire Chief/Emergency Management Coordinator Jurisdictional information Euless Emergency Management Coordinator Jurisdictional information Everman Director of Emergency Services Jurisdictional information Fort Worth Emergency Management Coordinator Jurisdictional information Grapevine Emergency Management Coordinator Jurisdictional information Haltom City Emergency Management Coordinator Jurisdictional information Haslet Emergency Management Coordinator Jurisdictional information TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Jurisdiction Hurst Job Title Fire Chief/Emergency Management Coordinator Role in the HMPT Jurisdictional information Keller Fire Chief/Emergency Management Coordinator Jurisdictional information Lake Worth Fire Marshal/Emergency Management Coordinator Jurisdictional information Lakeside Emergency Management Coordinator Jurisdictional information Mansfield Emergency Management Coordinator Jurisdictional information North Richland Hills Emergency Management Coordinator Jurisdictional information Richland Hills Fire Chief/Emergency Management Coordinator Jurisdictional information River Oaks Emergency Management Coordinator Jurisdictional information Saginaw Fire Chief/Emergency Management Coordinator Jurisdictional information Southlake Emergency Management Coordinator Jurisdictional information University of North Texas Health Science Center (UNTHSC) Associate Director, Emergency Management and Business Continuity Jurisdictional information Unincorporated Tarrant County Emergency Management Coordinator Jurisdictional information Watauga Emergency Management Coordinator Jurisdictional information Westlake Fire Chief/Emergency Management Coordinator Jurisdictional information Westworth Village Emergency Management Coordinator Jurisdictional information White Settlement Fire Chief/Emergency Management Coordinator Jurisdictional information Public Involvement For Tarrant County, public involvement was a key priority, with a focus on ensuring accessibility and inclusivity. To gather feedback from residents on what matters most to them regarding hazard mitigation, a survey was posted by the County and all participating jurisdictions. The survey was made available in both English and Spanish to increase accessibility for non -English-speaking residents. Special emphasis was placed on reaching vulnerable and disadvantaged populations, who are often the most affected by hazards. Through targeted outreach efforts, including distributing the survey via social media, we ensured these groups had a voice in the process. The feedback gathered from this outreach will directly inform the development of mitigation strategies that address the unique needs and concerns of these populations. Appendix A in this HazMAP documents the supporting documentation, advertisements, and details of this meeting and other meetings or outreach strategies. TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Existing Data and Plans Existing hazard mitigation information and other relevant HazMAPs were reviewed during the development of this plan. Data was gathered through many sources, including geographic information systems (GIS). The intent of reviewing existing material was to identify existing data and information, shared objectives, and past and ongoing activities that can help inform the mitigation plan. Review also helps identify the existing capabilities and planning mechanisms to implement the mitigation strategy. Table 3 outlines the sources used to collect data for the plan: Table 3: Data Collection Sources Data Source Data IncorporatedPurpose County appraisal data, census data, Population and Population counts, parcel city land use data demographics data, and land use data National Centers for Environmental Hazard occurrences Previous event occurrences Information (NCEI) and mapping for hazards Texas Forest Service/Texas Wildfire Wildfire threat and urban Mapping and wildfire Risk Assessment Summary Report interface vulnerability National Dam Inventory Dam information High hazard dam list Federal Emergency Management Flood zone maps and NFIP Geographic information Agency (FEMA) Digital Flood Insurance information systems (GIS) mapping of Rate Map (DFIRM) Flood Zones, flood zones and NFIP data National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) studies October 2017 NFIP Flood Insurance NFIP Information Repetitive Loss Properties Manual Change Package and Community Rating System ratings State of Texas Hazard Mitigation Plan, Hazards and mitigation Support the goals of the state 2013, 2018, 2023 strategy 2020 Tarrant County Hazard Mitigation All sections This is an update of that plan Action Plan (HazMAP) Hazard Mitigation: Integrating Best Planning Process Use proven techniques in Practices into Planning developing the HazMAP Environmental Protection Agency Protected sites Risk assessment: identify (EPA) Superfund National Priority List critical areas National Register of Historic Places Historic districts Risk assessment Texas Parks and Wildlife List of Rare Endangered or protected Risk assessment Species species Previous Plan Incorporation The previous hazard mitigation action plan was integrated into various planning mechanisms across the jurisdictions, reinforcing its role in guiding resilience -building efforts. Most jurisdictions incorporated mitigation strategies into HMGP grant applications to ensure consistent alignment with broader community goals. Land use and zoning ordinances were updated to reflect hazard -specific 10 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN considerations, such as floodplain management and wildfire risk reduction. In addition, development review processes began including hazard vulnerability assessments, allowing jurisdictions to evaluate risks during permitting and project approval stages (see Table 4). This cross -integration ensured that mitigation actions were not siloed but embedded into daily governance and long-term planning. Table 4: Methods of Integrating the Previous HazMAP into Jurisdictions' Plans Jurisdiction Grant Permitting Local Emergency Land Use/ No Plan Applica- tions Process Emergency Operations Planning Plans Develop- ment Plans Incorpora- tion Arlington Generator Committee HMGP Grant Application Azle X Bedford X Benbrook Colleyville Generator HMGP Grant Application Crowley Generator HMGP Grant Application Edgecliff X Village Euless Generator HMGP Grant Application Everman X Fort Worth Generator HMGP Grant Application Grapevine X Haltom City Generator HMGP Grant Application Haslet X Hurst Generator HMGP a TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Grant Permitting LocalJurisdiction tions• Plans ment Plans Incorpora- tion Grant Committee Application Keller X Lake Worth X Lakeside X Mansfield X North Generator Richland HMGP Hills Grant Application Richland Warning Hills Systems HMGP Grant Application River Oaks X Saginaw X Southlake Generator HMGP Grant Application University of X North Texas Health Science Center (UNTHSC) Unincorpo- Updated rated Plan HMGP Tarrant Grant County Application Watauga X Westlake X Westworth X Village White Settlement ivi TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Timeframe The planning process for the update of the Tarrant County HazMAP was approximately 4 months. Table 5 shows the timeline followed. Table 5: Timeframe for Update of Tarrant County Hazard Mitigation Action Plan PeriodActivity Time Hazard Mitigation Planning Team Planning August 23, 2024 Meeting Created planning teams August —September Capabilities assessment August —September Hazard identification and risk assessment August —September Public outreach completed August —October Mitigation strategy (goals and action items) August —September reviewed Reviewed Hazard Mitigation Action Plan October —November (HazMAP) draft Activities were either led or monitored by IEM and stakeholders for each jurisdiction in the plan, and public outreach strategies were conducted by the participating jurisdictions. The details of these activities are in the individual annexes of the jurisdictions. Planning Meetings During the planning process, each LPT met to discuss relevant information from the jurisdiction and to review the plan's objectives and progress. The goals of these meetings were to gather information and provide guidance for the jurisdictions throughout the planning stages. Table 6 is a snapshot of the meeting facilitated by IEM and the HazMAP participants. Table 6: Planning Meetings Snapshot 13 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Section 3: Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment The Tarrant County HazMAP is a tool to assist in the identification and documentation of natural hazards faced by the county and participating jurisdictions. Hazard profiles were created by compiling data from the previous federally declared disasters in Tarrant County, historical and potential events and damage assessments in Tarrant County, hazard data, and geographic information. Assessing the risks posed by natural hazards is crucial in understanding their potential impact on life, property, and the economy. Risk assessment aims to identify, as much as possible, a community's qualitative and quantitative vulnerabilities based on available data. It provides a better understanding of the impacts of natural disasters on the community. It is a foundation for developing and prioritizing mitigation actions, as outlined in Section 4: Mitigation Strategy. The goal is to reduce damage and loss from natural disasters by improving preparedness and response times and allocating resources to the most vulnerable areas. This risk assessment followed the methodology described in FEMA's Local Mitigation Planning Handbook 2023, which outlines a five -step process: 1. Identify hazards: This step helps clarify hazards in the planning area. 2. Describe hazards: This step includes gathering more information about the hazards. It examines where they can occur, how impactful they have been, and how often and with what intensity they might occur. 3. Identify community assets: This step examines which assets are most vulnerable to loss during a disaster. It must include changes in development that have taken place since the previous plan was created. 4. Analyze impacts: This step describes how each hazard could affect the assets of each community. 5. Summarize vulnerability: This step brings all the analysis together. It uses risk assessment to draw conclusions. From these conclusions, the planning team can develop a strategy to increase the resilience of residents, businesses, the economy, and other vital assets. The information gathered during the planning process for the Tarrant County Multi -Jurisdiction Hazard Mitigation Action Plan using the aforementioned five steps has been incorporated into this Risk Assessment section, which includes the following information: Hazard Identification — identifies and prioritizes the natural hazards threatening Tarrant County and its jurisdictions and provides a discussion on vulnerability assessment. Hazard Profiles — describe each natural hazard threatening Tarrant County and its jurisdictions. Information includes location; extent, magnitude, and/or severity; previous occurrences; and the probability of future occurrences. Each profile includes a discussion of the possible impacts of climate trends and variations. 14 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Community Assets — identifies the resources in Tarrant County and its jurisdictions at risk of hazards. This includes people, structures, community lifelines, and other critical facilities; natural, historic, and cultural resources; the economy; and other activities that have value to the community. Analysis of Impacts — identifies where assets are vulnerable and describes the potential impacts of the hazards. Conclusions on Vulnerability— summarizes information from the hazard profiles, the vulnerability of assets, changes in development, and potential impacts and losses to help Tarrant County and its jurisdictions understand the most significant risks and vulnerabilities. Hazard Identification Of the 15 hazards identified in the State of Texas Hazard Mitigation Plan (SHMP), the HMPT identified 9 that could affect participating jurisdictions in Tarrant County. Coastal erosion, land subsidence, and hurricane/tropical storm were not profiled because of their extremely low risk to the participating jurisdictions. Drought, earthquakes, expansive soils, extreme heat, thunderstorms, tornadoes, and winter storms have a countywide impact. Wildfires are most likely a threat to jurisdictions that are rural or have undeveloped land. Flooding can also occur anywhere in the county, but it is most likely a threat to jurisdictions containing 100-year floodplains or bodies of water. The hazards identified by the Tarrant County HMPT are as follows: • Civil Unrest • Cyber Terrorism • Dam Failure • Drought • Earthquake • Expansive Soils • Extreme Heat • Flood • Technological Hazard • Thunderstorm • Tornado • Wildfire • Winter Storms According to the previous HazMAP, the definition of a thunderstorm includes hail, high winds, and lightning. These individual hazards in a thunderstorm are not considered separately. Participating jurisdictions understand that identifying technological hazards is not required for a mitigation plan, but some jurisdictions chose to do so voluntarily. The ranking of natural hazards and technological hazards will remain separate in this HazMAP. A detailed profile has been developed for each of the identified hazards in the remainder of Section 3. These profiles address the following details for each hazard: 15 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN • Location and Extent • Previous Historical Occurrences • Probability of Future Events • Impacts of Climate Trends and Variation • Vulnerability Assessment • Development Trends Ranking and Prioritizing Hazards Each participating jurisdiction conducted a risk assessment and prioritized the hazards affecting its planning area, and it determined its best course of action. This information, along with historical events, climate change, development trends, vulnerabilities, probability, and impacts, is documented in the individual annexes. Each jurisdiction ranked potential hazards in order of risk, with 1 being the highest. When ranking hazards, the jurisdictions used the following guidance: Geographic Area Affected • Negligible: Less than 10 percent of the planning area (the entire [the University of North Texas Health Science Center]). • Limited: 10 to 25 percent of the planning area. • Significant: 25 to 75 percent of the planning area. • Extensive: 75 to 100 percent of the planning area. Probability of Future Occurrence • Unlikely: Event possible in the next 10 years. • Occasional: Event possible in the next 5 years. • Likely: Event probable in the next 3 years. • Highly Likely: Event probable in the next year. MAXIMUM PROBABLE EXTENT (Magnitude/Strength of Hazard using the extent scale in Table 7) • Minor: Limited classification on scientific scale, slow speed of onset, or short duration of event. • Medium: Moderate classification on scientific scale, moderate speed of onset, or moderate duration of event. • Major: Severe classification on scientific scale, fast speed of/immediate onset, or long duration of event. iI TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Table 7: Extent Scale for Natural Hazards Hazard Minor Medium Major Drought Presence -Sensing Device PDSI -2.00 to -2.99 PDSI -3.00 to -5.00 Initiation (PDSI) -1.99 to 1.99+ Earthquake Mercalli Scale: I—V; Mercalli Scale: VI—VII; Mercalli Scale: VIII—XII; Richter Scale: 0-4.8 Richter Scale: 4.9-6.1 Richter Scale: 6.2-8.1+ Expansive El Expansion Potential: El Expansion Potential: El Expansion Potential: Soils 21-50 (Low); 51-90 (Medium) 91-130 (High) 0-21(Very Low) >130 (Very High) Flooding Outside of 100-yr and 500-yr flood zone, Zone X 100-yr flood zone, Zone AE 500-yr flood zones, Zone A, AE, X Extreme Heat Heat Index: 80 °F-105 °F Heat Index: 105 °F— Heat Index: >130 °F 129 °F Thunderstorm Hail: HO—H4, 5-40mm; Hail: H5—H6, 30-60mm; Hail: H7—H10, 50—>100mm; Wind Force: 0-3; Wind Force: 4-6; Wind Force: 8-12; Knots: <1-10 Knots: 11-27; Knots: 28-64+ lightning activity level LAL: 3-4 LAL: 5-6; (LAL): 1-2 Tornado EFO EF1—EF2 EF3—EF5 Wildfire Keetch-Byram Drought KBDI: 200-400 KBDI: 600-800 Index (KBDI): 0-200 Winter Temperature: 40 °F to Temperature: 30 °F to Temperature: 15 °F to Storms 35 °F 45 °F; -20 °F; Wind chill 36 °F to 17 °F Wind chill 25 °F to -4 °F Wind chill 7 °F to -98 °F Table 8 shows the results of the hazard ranking by the jurisdictions. 17 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Table 8: Hazard Risk Ranking by Jurisdiction Arlington 5 9 8 6 1 . 3 2 7 4 Azle 7 9 8 6 2 3 1 5 4 Bedford 6 8 2 5 4 1 3 N/A 7 Benbrook 4 10 9 8 5 1 2 7 3 Colleyville 8 9 5 6 2 1 3 7 4 Crowley 5 9 8 7 3 2 1 6 4 Edgecliff Village 8 9 7 4 5 1 2 3 6 Euless 6 9 5 4 3 1 2 8 7 Everman 7 9 5 4 1 3 2 8 6 Fort Worth 7 9 8 6 2 1 4 5 3 Grapevine 5 9 8 7 3 2 1 6 4 Haltom City 6 7 5 4 1 3 2 9 8 Haslet 7 9 4 6 5 1 2 8 3 Hurst 8 9 5 4 3 2 1 7 6 Keller 8 9 5 7 4 2 1 6 3 Kennedale 5 9 8 7 3 2 1 6 4 Lake Worth 7 8 4 2 5 1 3 N/A 6 Lakeside 4 9 5 3 7 1 2 6 8 Mansfield 6 9 3 7 2 1 4 8 5 North Richland Hills 2 3 4 5 1 6 7 8 9 Richland Hills 4 8 2 3 5 1 6 9 7 River Oaks 8 9 7 3 6 1 2 5 4 Saginaw 8 5 3 7 6 2 1 N/A 4 Southlake 5 9 8 4 2 3 1 7 6 Tarrant County 6 9 7 4 3 1 2 5 8 UNTHSC 6 8 5 4 7 1 2 9 3 Watauga 3 8 5 4 7 1 2 N/A 6 Westlake 7 8 9 6 5 1 2 3 4 Westworth Village 8 7 6 5 4 1 2 N/A 3 White Settlement 7 9 8 6 2 3 1 5 4 W.-I TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Major Disaster Declarations since the 2013 Hazard Mitigation Plan Table 9 lists the major disaster declarations that have occurred since 2013. Table 9: Tarrant County Major Disaster Declarations since 2013 PeriodDisaster Incident Date Declared Description Declaration Code DR-4159 October 30-31, 2013 December 29, 2013 Severe storms and flooding DR-4136 April 17-20, 2013 August 2, 2013 West Fertilizer Co. explosion DR-4223 May 4—June 23, 2015 May 29, 2015 Severe storms, tornadoes, straight-line winds, and flooding DR-4245 October 22-31, 2015 November 25, 2015 Severe storms, tornadoes, straight-line winds, and flooding DR-4255 December 26, 2015— February 9, 2016 Severe winter storms, January 21, 2016 tornadoes, straight-line winds, and flooding DR-4266 March 7-29, 2016 March 19, 2016 Severe storms, tornadoes, and flooding DR-4269 April 17-30, 2016 April 25, 2016 Severe storms and flooding DR-4272 May 26—June 24, 2016 June 11, 2016 Severe storms and flooding DR-4332 August 23—September August 25, 2017 Hurricane Harvey 15, 2017 DR-4485 January 20—May 11, March 25, 2020 COVID-19 pandemic 2023 DR-4586 February 11-21, 2021 February 19, 2021 Severe winter storms Vulnerability Assessment "Vulnerability" is defined as the conditions determined by physical, social, economic, and environmental factors or processes that increase the susceptibility of an individual, a community, assets, or systems to the impacts of hazards.' The participating jurisdictions have considered the possible effects on population, economy, existing and future structures, improved property, critical facilities and infrastructure, and the natural environment for each hazard. A vulnerability assessment is a detailed analysis of a community's potential losses in a disaster. This assessment is particularly useful for decision makers, such as county and city personnel, who must choose how to balance mitigation costs against the potential harm to residents and property. The assessment provides a standardized approach to measuring a community's exposure to natural hazards. ' World Health Organization, "Vulnerability," Vulnerability and Vulnerable Populations (who.int). 19 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN It helps identify the hazards and regions that should be given priority for disaster resilience efforts. By evaluating the assets at risk, hazard mitigation resources can be allocated where they are most needed, using the information in the hazard profiles. Hazard mitigation analysts require quantitative and qualitative information for each hazard to ensure a comprehensive vulnerability assessment. Quantitative data are obtained through an exposure analysis, which helps determine the number of assets at risk from a particular hazard. In cases where hazards cannot be measured quantitatively, qualitative data can help to describe how the hazard could impact the region. This allows analysts to gain valuable insights beyond the number of assets at risk. By combining quantitative and qualitative data, analysts can fully understand the risks associated with each hazard and develop appropriate mitigation strategies. The hazard exposure analysis was created using the most reliable and current data, following the methodology outlined in the FEMA Local Mitigation Planning Handbook of May 2023. This handbook provides a comprehensive framework for identifying and evaluating hazards, estimating potential losses, and developing risk mitigation strategies. The analysis was conducted with great care and precision to ensure validity and accuracy. A detailed vulnerability assessment was conducted to identify the potential effects of hazards in Tarrant County. The assessment covered various natural hazards, such as drought, flood, and dam failure, earthquakes, expansive soils, extreme heat, thunderstorm, tornado, wildfire, winter storms, and human - made or technological hazards, such as civil unrest, cyber terrorism, and technological hazards. Geospatial data were critical in determining the assets at risk in each hazard zone. By overlaying the natural hazard's spatial footprint on a map of population and assets, a geospatial analysis was conducted to identify the areas of exposure and vulnerability of the assets. It is essential to have spatial information on these hazards to accurately assess the level of risk and potential impacts on the assets. National Risk Index The National Risk Index (NRI) is an online tool that leverages available natural hazard data and community risk factors (CRFs) to provide a baseline risk measurement for each United States county and census tract. This plan incorporates NRI values to better understand the factors contributing to the natural hazard risk in Tarrant County. The NRI incorporates both percentiles ranking scores and a qualitative rating for 3 metrics: • Expected Annual Loss (EAL) represents the average economic loss in dollars from natural hazards each year based on exposure, annualized frequency, and historic loss ratios. • Social Vulnerability is a measure of the susceptibility of social groups to the adverse impacts of natural hazards, including disproportionate death, injury, loss, or disruption of livelihood. • Community Resilience is the ability of a community to prepare for, adapt to, and withstand and recover from natural hazards. 20 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Each profiled hazard will provide details on the NRI scores for Tarrant County to provide insight into risk relative to other communities. Westlake Haslet Southlake Keller Grapevine Azle Colleyville Saginaw Watauga North Blue Richland Mound Euless 3edford Hu st Lakeside Lake Worth Richland Hills Haltom City River Oaks Westworth Village Fort: orth Arlington Pantego Dalworthington Gardens Benbrook Edgediff Forest Village Hill Kennedale Everman� Crowley Mansfield Legend Census Tracts Risk Rating 0 Relatively High National Risk Index N Relatively Low Relatively ModerateN1 Very Low ,.••••••• •�GOUtyl;}.. TX IEM GEO Tarrant 0 2 5 County mi s f SfE-11A, Figure 3: National Risk Index Score by Census Tract for Tarrant County 21 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Critical Facilities When evaluating the potential impacts of hazards on a community, it is important to identify what community assets could be affected by those hazards. Geospatial data were critical in determining the assets at risk in each jurisdiction in the planning area. This information included the vital infrastructure of the cities and county, such as utilities, government -owned facilities, schools, and other essential facilities that serve the community. A list of critical facilities was compiled, primarily using Homeland Infrastructure Foundation -Level Data. These facilities were identified based on the fundamental functions they provide to the community. Table 10 summarizes the types of facilities and the number of each type for each participating jurisdiction in this plan update. Figure 4 through Figure 11 are maps of Tarrant County displaying the locations of these critical facilities. Information regarding critical facilities and community assets is expanded upon in the jurisdictional annexes. 22 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Table 10: Critical Facilities by Jurisdiction Jurisdiction Arlington a� LL w 30 J W v�i O 2 ° U) �'a�c E d W O U 3 O a m E O� 2 w inE 7 0 Z 2 °' L a, � L `° v (� _� Q `� o o U) _ � O O ~ =a r Ica li Colleyville Dalworthington Gardens Edgecliff Village Forest Hill Grapevine Haltom City LiKennedale 23 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN • • Lake Worth Cn 1 1 0 • 0 •. 0 0 2 0 3 0 5 12 Mansfield 4 3 5 0 0 6 12 1 23 0 27 81 North Richland Hills 5 2 1 2 0 2 8 0 21 0 20 61 Richland Hills 1 2 0 0 0 0 3 0 5 0 2 13 River Oaks 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 5 Saginaw 2 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 13 1 6 25 Southlake 2 1 2 0 0 0 7 0 15 0 17 44 Watauga 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 7 0 4 15 Westworth Village 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 4 Dallas —Fort Worth International Airport 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Lakeside 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Westlake 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 6 Unincorporated County 3 9 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 1 0 17 University of North Texas 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 University of Texas at Arlington 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 White Settlement 1 3 0 2 0 5 2 0 3 0 16 16 Facility Type Total 114 61 57 9 7 107 248 24 581 9 705 1922 24 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN --------- p ----- -----� ------r i (� FireEMS_Tarrant LawEnforcementTarrant ® EOCs_Tarrant --- County CitiesTarrant_Clip CitiesTarrant__Labels ©IEM GEO -Westla Critical Facilities Tarrant County N A . 3�'�COUry'•• 0 3 6 INEEZZ3011= Mi •, Y Source: TCGIS, 2020 Figure 4: Locations of Fire Stations and Law Enforcement Facilities, Tarrant County 25 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Haslet Q Scuthlake Keller ♦ ♦Grape, ♦ eB � r VAzleE ♦ Colleyville + Saginaw Watauga North + + + (Blue ♦ Richland Euless Mound Bedford + + Haltom ♦ +urst CLakeside---, Lake Wcity � Richland �* Hills River Oaks WestWoorl Fort Worth Villa`ge�A ♦ ♦ �♦ o l� +4+ ♦ Arlington Papa g + + + t h Dalwortg on Gardens +++ Benbrook + � Edgecliff Forest +t Villages Hill + +♦ + j� Kennedale + + Everman p + ♦} Crowley + Mansfield Legend + Urgent Care Center + "°spital Hospitals & Urgent Care Centers N r A © I EM. GEQ Tarrant County °� nt; y / Source: }[PLD, 202i Figure 5: Locations of Hospitals and Urgent Care Centers in Tarrant County Mgt TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Legend EL Private Schools .k Public Schools B�8 Haslet Q Southlake gA �r,,.lelle 6 6 - ' Grapevine d � ❑�E Colleyville CtA Saginaw, Watauga North A �� Blue ®� eRichland��J ®� �\A-Moundg � � ���Bedford� Euless ® Hurst Haltom 6v� Lakesi lei (—�s City Lake Worth�� Richland River=0aks� 67� �� � � 1 � Westworth—_.L 5 Villa e�� A.A Fort Worth 9 A A Arlington ® ® I C D lworth ington ffi : Gardens � � � A ?Benl1rook CA*A 4 Edgecliff For�LAI� 'A 61 & " Vlllag� Hill A" � � A I Kennedale o AJ Q ® F�Evermman p ck F �kIL Crowley . * ansfield Public and Private Schools ©IEM GEO Tarrant County N A 0 3 5l�� :F Nli ♦ y Source: HFM, 20?r4 Figure 6: Locations of Schools in Tarrant County 27 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Haslet Q Scuthlake fi Keller • Grapevine eB Azle Colleyville Saginaw Watauga North (Blue Richland Mound • Bedford Euless CakesideHaltom /`� • Hurst • � rew• �• 55'' Lake Worth • Ci �• Richland Hills Riyer Oaks O • Wes[w`orth Fort Worth Villa`ge�s • O •O o l� • • Arlington C • • Pantego 40 t h Dalwortg on O • (%rns •• �O Benbroak FI) Edgecliff Forest Village Kennedale p y Everm'an p I Legend Colleges, Universities & Professional schools • Cosmetology and Barber Schools 7u niar Colleges • Technical and Trade Schools Crowley Colleges and Universities ©IEM GEO Tarrant County Mansfield N A 0 3 5 11111�=! nt; y / S..— }rPLD, 202i Figure 7: Locations of Colleges and Universities in Tarrant County 28 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 2,0 Haslet Q Scuthlake + °jHalt;orn r Grapevine Azle 4- ColleyvilleSaginaw o th(BluehlandMo� Bedford EulessHurstLakeside ►: Lake Worth nd River Oaks Westw`orth Fort Worth o Legend Airport Edgecliff Forest Vil lager n K, } Everman p Crowley �+ Airports © IEM. GEO Tarrant County Arlington Papa g Dalwort� h g on Gardens Mansfield N A 0 3 5 ty � 67 i �q1� Y Source: }[PLD, 202i Figure 8: Locations of Airports in Tarrant County 29 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN v.vesoaKe Haslet ,- Southlake Keller"'Grapevine . -I- h'- ED A.z 11 e Colleyville o::. Saginaw :-.'Wataugt- NortH -.Blue • � M6un dj 6: or, I E.6�less Haltoffi. Hurst - Lakeside cLakWj tiR-chland Hi11s Riy&'Oaks .IWestworth—Fort Wortl LVillage.-S Arlington 5a ant B Zoo D a Iw(G�oaa rrtdheinngs to k -Ed6eclif'.Forest ;s r Kennecale Eve r m a n 41 Crowley Mansfield Legend Child Care Center Child Care Centers N ©IEM GEO Tarrant County 0 3 5 S..- HFLD, 2024 Figure 9: Locations of Child Care Centers in Tarrant County 30 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Legend ® Nursing Homes o � e=a Haslet Q ®� ® Southlake Keller Q (Grapevine ® q? d e ® � ❑ � � Colleyville ® Saginaw Watauga Northa NTi (Blue Richland Mound Bedford � Euless Haltom Hurst ®�J Cakeside� city Lake Worth ®Richland ® Hills Riyer Oaks ®� ® ®® r� WestNbagertt� Fort Worth ® Q0 ❑ ® ® ® tligton ❑ � ® ® � P-ntegj Dalworthingtoon q G rdens Benbrook Forest Edgecliff Hill ® Village] Kennedale ®® ® Everman p qq Crowley q�9 Mansfield © IEM. GEO Nursing Homes Tarrant County N 3 5 •H 'F' OnEE::3011=Nll ••. # . x: ,••• Source: HFLD, 20?r4 Figure 10: Locations of Nursing Homes in Tarrant County 31 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Haslet Q 4% M Keller eB CL Azle p ct l a a Saginaw Wataugz (Blue I OL Mound Lakeside 0% tlKj Haltom L:ake�Worthl Gty _,Ri - at i� River Oaks Wes[worth� Fort Worth o Legend R M.bile Ham. Park North Richland �J UH V et gL Let Benbrock a `' po'a} Edgecliff Forest Village/ Hill % 61.a K, Everman p CL Crowley Scuthlake Grapevine C2 Colleyville 7 Bedford Euless �a®��J Arlington � PaPa g Dalwortl ngtton Gardens Mobile Horne Parks ©IEM. GEO Tarrant County Mansfield N A 0 3 5 11111�=! nt; y / S..— TIFLD, 2VA Figure 11: Locations of Mobile Home Parks in Tarrant County 32 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Vulnerable Populations Socioeconomic and demographic factors significantly impact how people are affected by disasters and their ability to access resources for recovery. These factors include age (children and the elderly), gender, income, disabilities, housing conditions, English proficiency, racial and ethnic background, and access to transportation. Individuals with one or more vulnerability characteristics tend to suffer more severe consequences from a disaster. Various tools and data were used to better understand the impacts of hazards on different demographic groups in Tarrant County. An index that summarizes a series of variables into a simplified value can help us better understand vulnerability. The Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) summarizes 16 variables in four themes: Socioeconomic Status, Household Characteristics, Racial and Ethnic Minority Status, and Housing Type/Transportation. These data can be displayed in tabular form or by geographic distribution in a map, as shown in Figure 12. Social Vulnerability Index Theme Maps, such as those in Figure 13, reveal that certain areas in the county have higher socioeconomic vulnerability than others. Much of Fort Worth, Arlington, and other areas toward the center of Tarrant County have the highest socioeconomic vulnerability. This suggests that residents in these areas may be more likely to experience social and economic stressors, such as poverty, limited access to insurance, and inadequate educational opportunities. In addition, household characteristics are highly variable in the county. Residents in highly vulnerable areas are more likely to experience challenges related to their household characteristics, such as more elderly or young children, more single -parent households, more individuals with disabilities, or more people who do not speak English well. The variability of racial and ethnic minority is high in Fort Worth, Arlington, Haltom City, and other areas in the county, with Hispanic or Latino persons being the highest percentage minority group. Specifically, areas of Fort Worth, Arlington, Kennedale, Mansfield, Hurst, Euless, Bedford, Haltom City, Richland Hills, and North Richland Hills have higher values in housing type and transportation vulnerability. These may include households without a personal vehicle or more people living in group housing or multi -unit structures. 33 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN __----_-_ Newark u FTropliy ClubFlower Mounc -" "" "Roanoke -- ' o Westlak rr Haslet T Rena Southlake {Parker) P-elican Kellef in/ (Bay 'Azle � ❑�] b North Coffeyville ■ Richland Sagina Watauga Hills Blue and Euless IBedford Lakeside (Tarrant) Lake Worth �Richla d Hurst Sansom Park Haltom City Hills River Oaks :0 Worth ' Westworth Village White Westover Settlement Hills - Pantego Dalworthington Gardens 'kt i ' Benbrook ' Edgecliff Forest Hill Arlington ; Crowley ' Burleson --- County © cities Tarrant SVI 2020 Social Vulnerability Index N Overall percentile n 0.0000 - 0.2500 0,2501 - 0.5000 0.5001 - 0.7500 / 0 3 6 ®IEM aEO Tarrant County nt; 0.7501 - 1.0000 s f • 9..— TCGIS, 20M No Data Kennedale Berman d.y - Mansfield ------ - Me Figure 12: Social Vulnerability Index by Census Tract for Tarrant County 34 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN CDC/ATSDR SVI Themes Socioeconomic Status' Household Characteristics w ■ A Highest Vulnerabilit�r Lowest (Top 4th) (5VI 20221 (Bottom 4th) Facial and Ethnic Minority Status? Highest Vulnerability+ Lowest (Top 4th) (5VI 2022) (Bottom 4th) Highest Vulnerability+ Lowest (Top 4th) (5VI 2022} (Bottom 4th) Housing Type/Transportations Highest Vulnerabillt�y Lowest (Tap 4th) (5VI 2022� (Bottom 4th) Figure 13: Social Vulnerability Index Themes for Tarrant County Changes in Development Tarrant County has a vibrant and diverse economy that attracts new and relocating businesses, retail development, and new housing construction. If business is to succeed, then economic development must flourish. A collaboration of public and private agencies, along with businesses and individuals, is always ready to step forward to promote an excellent quality of life that makes the community a great place to live, work, and raise families. 35 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Changes in development include population variability, climate variability, and various mitigation actions implemented. Individual jurisdictions have identified specific changes in development, when applicable, in their annexes. Increases in Vulnerability CLIMATE VARIABILITY A key factor in an increase in vulnerability is climate variability. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Texas has warmed by an average of 3 OF in the past century. The atmosphere can hold more moisture at higher temperatures, which creates higher potential for extreme rainfall events.2 All participating jurisdictions are experiencing the effects of climate variability. The following information is part of the climatic impact vulnerability assessment conducted by the North Central Texas Council of Governments (NCTCOG) Department of Transportation and the University of Texas at Arlington (UTA). It is a compilation of historical climate data and projected future climate information for the Dallas —Fort Worth (DFW) Metropolitan Area: • The UTA climate group gathered climate and weather data from 1900 to 2010 to interpret the historical trends in extremes and the variability of temperature and precipitation. Their findings suggest an increase in temperature, particularly in the summer season, and an increase in rainfall and rainfall intensity, primarily during the spring season. • Historical disruption of transportation by weather is related mainly to extreme events like snow and ice storms and damage from severe supercell-type thunderstorms. • Future climate prediction suggests extreme temperatures of up to 125 OF by the end of the 21st century, exceeding historical heat waves by 12 OF. • By 2050, soil moisture is reduced by 10-15% in all seasons compared with historical values due to the increase in temperatures. This suggests a higher risk of infrastructure damage by cracking and, together with elevated temperatures, a higher -than -present risk of fires, particularly in wooded neighborhoods. • A higher likelihood of drought will also amplify urban heat islands, particularly during the summer, which can make downtown Dallas as much as 10 OF hotter than adjacent rural locations. • An increase in mean rainfall by up to 10% and severe thunderstorms by up to 40% in the spring will likely lead to a higher risk of flooding, which affects infrastructure. • Extreme flooding events exceeding historic levels are expected because more tropical storm systems will occur in the fall.' 2 Yale Climate Connections, A stark divide in Texas shows what climate change looks like » Yale Climate Connections. ' Climate Change/Extreme Weather Vulnerability and Risk Assessment for Transportation Infrastructure in Dallas and Tarrant Counties. March 24, 2015, Final Report - N. Central Texas Council of Governments - 2013-2015 Pilots. 09 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN The Assessment of Historic and Future Trends of Extreme Weather in Texas, 1900-20364 published in 2021 by the Texas State Climatologist, provides extensive details on possible impacts of changing climate on future severe weather events. This report reviews historic records and climate models to identify the likely impacts of climate change specific to Texas. Increasing average temperatures are a driving force behind these changes. Average temperatures in Texas should be expected to be about 1.8 °F warmer in 2036 than the 1991-2020 average. Increased average temperature is not a weather extreme itself, but it affects many aspects of extreme weather and climate trends, such as the five examples below. • Extreme Heat: Overall extreme heat has become more frequent and more severe. The number of 100 °F days has almost doubled over the past 45 years and is projected to continue to increase. Winter temperatures are also affected, with extreme cold being less frequent and less severe. Urban heat islands likely contribute to extreme heat events in urban areas. • Extreme Rainfall: Precipitation is highly variable, which can make long-term projections of overall rainfall inconsistent. However, many localities in Texas have seen increases in extreme one -day precipitation events, which are strongly affected by increased temperatures because warmer air can produce more rainfall. Intense rainfall events combined with growth in urban areas in Texas may lead to an increase in precipitation runoff and urban flooding. • Drought: Drought is largely driven by variations in multidecadal precipitation. Drought impacts may be sector -specific between agriculture and the surface water supply. • Severe Thunderstorms: Models show complex and sometimes contradictory trends in thunderstorm activity. Higher temperatures are expected to lead to less hail overall, but they may increase the risk of very large hail earlier in the spring. Changes in severe storm environments may have made it less likely that thunderstorms will occur, but they may be more severe once they develop. • Wildfires: Increased dryness will likely extend the wildfire season and may expand the areas affected by wildfires, as fuels become drier faster in a warmer climate. POPULATION INCREASE National forecasts of population and economic growth indicate that this region will continue to add residents and jobs well into the future. NCTCOG's predictions for 2030 use 2000 as a base year and project population and employment in five-year increments to 2030. Over the 30-year horizon, the 16- county North Texas region is expected to add 1.6 million households, with a corresponding 4.1 million people and 2.3 million non -construction jobs. This represents an average annual population growth rate of 2.6% for these 30 years, a magnitude of growth never experienced in the North Central Texas region. NCTCOG forecasts reflect only one set of growth assumptions. If circumstances change, real growth outcomes might be considerably different.' 4 Assessment of Historic and Future Trends of Extreme Weather in Texas, 1900-2036, Office of the Texas State Climatologist. Texas A&M University, 2021, https://climatexas.tamu.edu/files/Climate Report- 1900to2036- 2021 Update. 5 North Texas to 2030: Extending the Trends. Vision North Texas. Prior Plan. 37 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Table 11 lists the changes in the demographics of some participating jurisdictions since the 2015 HazMAP was adopted. An asterisk indicates information that has been elusive. Since 2015, the population has increased in all jurisdictions participating in the Tarrant County plan update, except Watauga, Everman, and River Oaks which lost 656, 219, and 125 people, respectively. Table 11: Changes in Population for Certain Localities, 2015-2023 Jurisdiction Arlington 2015 Population Estimate 379,370 2023 Population Estimate 398,431 Difference 19,061 Azle 11,140 14,562 3,422 Bedford 48,060 48,370 310 Benbrook 21,234 (2010 census) 24,336 3,102 Blue Mound 2,390 2,390* 0 Colleyville 23,760 25,736 1,976 Crowley 14,130 19,932 5,802 Euless 54,050 59,686 5,636 Forest Hill 12,380 14,157 1,777 Fort Worth 792,720 978,468 185,748 Grapevine 48,520 50,928 2,408 Haltom City 42,640 45,290 2,650 Haslet 1,660 1,720* 0 Hurst 38,340 39,304 964 Keller 42,890 46,316 3,426 Kennedale 7,130 10,052 2,922 Lake Worth 4,680 4,710 30 Lakeside 1,330 1,690 360 Mansfield 56,368 (2010 census) 78,542 22,174 North Richland Hills 66,300 70,658 4,358 Richland Hills 7,920 8,323 403 Saginaw 20,480 25,139 4,659 Southlake 27,710 31,137 3,427 Watauga 23,590 22,934 (656) Westlake 1,120 1,310 190 Westworth Village 2,620 2,620* 0 White Settlement 16,733 18,119 1,386 Tarrant County 1,922,470 2,182,947 260,477 38 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN As of 2022, Fort Worth saw the greatest increase in population. In Tarrant County, the City of Haslet saw a 31 % increase in population. According to Helen You, Associate Director of Senior Demography at the Texas Demographic Center, the growth is mainly due to growing economic opportunities.6 Mansfield has a 2010 population estimate, and a city mitigation plan was approved in 2010. There are no data available for NCTCOG population changes from 2015 to 2017. Changes in population for Edgecliff Village, River Oaks, NCTCOG and the University of North Texas Health Science Center (UNTHSC) are listed in Table 12 to reflect changes in population from 2017 to 2023. These jurisdictions were new in the last plan and will be included in the jurisdiction summary tables in the remainder of this plan. Table 12: Changes in Population for Certain Localities, 2017-2023 Jurisdiction Edgecliff Village 2017 Population Estimate 3,220 2023Population Estimate 3,742 522 Everman 6,348 5,941 407 River Oaks 7,310 7,370 60 UNTHSC 5,000 (students, faculty, staff) 4,364 (students, employees) (636) Decreases in Vulnerability Factors that decrease vulnerability to hazards include the mitigation actions addressed in jurisdictional annexes and the adoption of new codes and policies. The Environment & Development Department at NCTCOG plays a major role in regional coordination and management of reports and projects that improve regional resilience to natural hazards through the following programs: • The Corridor Development Certificate (CDC) — The CDC process aims to stabilize flood risk along the Trinity River. The CDC process does not prohibit floodplain development; rather, it ensures that any development that does occur in the floodplain will not raise flood water levels or reduce flood storage capacity. A CDC permit is required to develop land in a specific area of the Trinity floodplain, called the Regulatory Zone, which is similar to the 100-year floodplain. Under the CDC process, local governments retain ultimate control over floodplain permitting decisions, but other communities along the Trinity River Corridor are given the opportunity to review and comment on projects in their neighbor's jurisdiction. As the Metroplex economy continues to grow and develop, the CDC process will prevent increased flood risks. The Trinity River COMMON VISION Program — Local governments along the Trinity River have launched a regional initiative that has stimulated excitement and galvanized support for a new Trinity River COMMON VISION. It comprises these elements: 6 Where is North Texas growth happening? Where is North Texas growth happening? New regional data shows smaller cities are leading the charge I Fort Worth Report. 39 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN > A safe Trinity River, with stabilization and reduction of flooding risks > A clean Trinity River, with fishable and swimmable waters > An enjoyable Trinity River, with recreational opportunities linked by a trails system in a world - class greenway > A natural Trinity River, with preservation and restoration of riparian and cultural resources > A diverse Trinity River, with local and regional economic, transportation, and other public needs addressed • NCTCOG-OneRain Contrail Flood Warning Software — Contrail software that delivers automated real-time data collection, processing, validation, analysis, archiving, and visualization of hydrometeorological and environmental sensor data. The integrated Stormwater Management (iSWM) Program — The iSWMTM Program for Construction and Development is a cooperative initiative that helps cities and counties achieve their goals of water quality protection, streambank protection, and flood mitigation, while helping communities meet their construction and post -construction obligations under state stormwater permits. > Development and redevelopment, by their nature, increase imperviousness in the surrounding environment. This increased imperviousness translates into the loss of natural areas, more sources for pollution in runoff, and heightened flooding risks. To help mitigate these impacts, more than 60 local governments are cooperating to proactively create sound stormwater management guidance for the region through the integrated Stormwater Management (iSWM) Program. • 16-County Watershed Management Initiative — Communities from across the region come together to collaborate on how to reduce the risks of flooding in their communities. • Texas SmartScape — Texas SmartScapeTM is a landscape program crafted to be "smart" for North Central Texas. Based on water -efficient landscape principles, it promotes the use of plants suited to the region's soil, climate, and precipitation that do not require much —if any —additional irrigation, pesticides, fertilizers, or herbicides to thrive. The two main goals of the program are as follows: > Improve stormwater runoff quality > Conserve local water supplies A Smart Approach to Land Development along the Trinity River The Trinity River Vision Master Plan details a major project underway in Tarrant County that addresses smart development along the Trinity River. Typically, development in a hazard -prone area, such as a floodplain, is recognized as a factor that increases the vulnerability of an area, but this smart approach to design and development actually decreases vulnerability. The planning area encompasses 88 miles of the Trinity River and its greenbelts and tributaries throughout the Fort Worth area. 40 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN The plan focuses on eight segments of the Trinity River and its tributaries: Clear Fork North, Clear Fork South, Marine Creek, Mary's Creek, Sycamore Creek, West Fork East, West Fork West, and the Central City area, now called Trinity Uptown. It considers environmental quality, conservation, recreation facilities, trail developments, reforestation, beautification, and linkage to neighborhoods, downtown, and other special districts. The plan also addresses adjoining land uses, transportation, and how other facilities best complement and benefit from the greenways.7 In addition to recreational amenities, the park includes levees and other flood -protection systems. The Trinity River Vision Authority coordinates activities among local stakeholders and performs risk assessment planning for the effective delivery of the Central City Flood Control Project of the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE).8 Tarrant County Government, "Trinity River Vision," https://www.tarrantcountvtx.qov/en/county/supermenu- contents/residents/trinity-river- vision.html#:- :text=The%20Trinity%20River%20is%20a,convergence%20anchors%20our%20downtown%20today. 8 Trinity River Vision Authority, https://www.trinitVrivervision.org/. 41 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Civil Unrest Civil unrest is an umbrella term for a wide spectrum of phenomena (social unrest, civil disorder, civil disobedience, violent disorder, civil disturbance) and is defined as a term that includes limited political violence (such as acts of "terrorism," and individual assassinations), sporadic violent collective action (such as riots), and nonviolent and mildly violent collective action (such as protests and demonstrations) —all of which tend to take place in times of peace.9 Civil Unrest is defined, for the purposes of this plan, as any incident in which large groups of individuals gather with the purpose of causing damage or disruption to the community. Location and Extent Incidents of civil unrest can occur at any time in Tarrant County, but these incidents are more likely to be associated with a particular community activity or incident. Tarrant County has a history of significant incidents of civil unrest.10 The threat of civil unrest poses a demonstrated threat to the safety and property of the citizens of Tarrant County. The possibility of civil unrest exists in all communities in Tarrant County. The communities at highest risk are the Cities of Arlington and Fort Worth. The urban nature of these cities lends itself to the possibility of future incidents. Civil unrest may occur as a period of social upheaval during heightened community tension or at mass gatherings, such as sporting events, concerts, and political conventions. The safety risk of fire and emergency medical services (EMS) personnel responding to these fluid incidents may be elevated. The following are assumptions for a large-scale incident of civil unrest in Tarrant County: • A large-scale incident of civil unrest will require mutual aid from many local and state law enforcement agencies. • The response to a large-scale incident of civil unrest could be several operational periods in duration. • A large-scale incident could be a part of or cause civil unrest in multiple jurisdictions simultaneously and limit the availability of law enforcement assets. • The Army National Guard may not be available to assist in a law enforcement capacity. • The Chief Elected Official might have to declare a state of emergency. Previous Historical Occur cj iuub • June 2, 2020: Hundreds of protesters led marches and demonstrations in the downtown areas of Fort Worth, for five consecutive days of protests over the death of George Floyd while he was in Minneapolis police custody. Leaders in North Texas called for peace ahead of the demonstrations. 9 United Nations Office of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2024, https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster- risk/terminology/hips/so0003. 10 WFAA.com, ABC Channel 8 News, June 2, 2020, Fifth day of protests in North Texas sees curfew zone extensions, more police and protester dialogue I wfaa.com. 42 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Governor Greg Abbott deployed state troopers and National Guard troops to the Dallas —Fort Worth region as the state's response." • October 12, 2023: A former leader of Hamas in North Texas called for protests and displays of anger in response to Israel's response to Hamas attacks, causing concern for North Texas local authorities and the Texas Department of Public Safety (TDPS) and the Jewish community and institutions. TDPS expressed concern that the conflict could inspire homegrown violent extremists and foreign terrorist organizations operating in the United States to target the Jewish community. Jewish churches, schools, and other institutions place security on high alert after Hamas's violent attacks in Israel. 12 Probability of Future Events An incident of Civil Unrest can occur at any time with little or no warning and can vary from being peaceful disobedience to a large scale and highly destructive riot. A coordinated multiagency, multijurisdictional response may be required. 11 WFAA.com, ABC Channel 8 News, June 2, 2020, Fifth day of protests in North Texas sees curfew zone extensions, more police and protester dialogue I wfaa.com. 12 CBSNew.Com/Texas, J.D. Miles, October, 12, 2023, Call for protests, displays of anger from former Hamas leader has North Texas on edge - CBS Texas (cbsnews.com). 43 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Cyber Terrorism Cyber Terrorism or cyberattack is any intentional effort to steal, expose, alter, disable, or destroy data, applications, or other assets through unauthorized access to a network, computer system, or digital device. For information technology systems, there are three terms related to cyber security that are sometimes used interchangeably but mean different things: • An event is an innocuous action that happens frequently, such as creating a file, deleting a folder, or opening an email. On its own, an event typically is not an indication of a breach, but when paired with other events, it may signal a threat. • An alert is a notification triggered by an event which may or may not be a threat. • An incident is a group of correlated alerts that humans or automation tools have deemed likely to be a genuine threat. On its own, each alert might not appear to be a major threat, but when combined, they indicate a possible breach. Location and Extent Federal government officials have called ransomware a worsening problem. The United States Treasury Department reported that payments to ransomware gangs have increased, totaling an estimated $1.2 billion in 2021.11 Ecosystem has identified the evolving ways that attackers may use to try to access information systems and business operations.14 Several of the most common are as follows (see Figure 14): • Phishing: Phishing is a type of social engineering in which an attacker uses email, text, or a phone call to impersonate a reputable brand or person. A typical phishing attack tries to persuade a recipient to download malware or provide a password. These attacks exploit people's trust and deploy psychological techniques, such as fear, to get people to act. Many attacks are untargeted, going out to thousands of people in the hope that just one responds. However, a more sophisticated version called spear phishing uses deep research to craft a message that is intended to be persuasive to a single individual. • Malware: Malware refers to any software designed to harm a computer system or exfiltrate data. It comes in many forms, including viruses, ransomware, spyware, and trojan horses. Bad actors install malware by taking advantage of hardware and software vulnerabilities or by convincing an employee to do so using a social engineering technique. 13 Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, 11/01/2021, FinCEN Analysis Reveals Ransomware Reporting in BSA Filings Increased Significantly During the Second Half of 2021 1 FinCEN.gov. 14 Ibid. 44 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN MALWARE BUSINESS EMAIL �' COMPROMISE PHISHING tot a CROSS SITE SCRIPTING x: ay. Types of6.1� MAN IN THE Cyber AttacksMIDDLE ATTACK ZERO -DAY 0 EXPLOIT J mill , r _ DosIDDoS SQL IN3ECTIO 4 Figure 14:Types of Cyber Attacks15 • Ransomware: In a ransomware attack, bad actors use malware to encrypt critical data and systems and then threaten to make the data public or destroy it if the victim does not pay a ransom. • Denial of Service: In a denial -of -service attack (DDoS attack), a threat actor overwhelms a network or system with traffic until it slows or crashes. Typically, attackers target high -profile companies such as banks or governments with the goal of costing them time and money, but organizations of all sizes can be victims of this type of attack. • Man in the Middle: Another method that cybercriminals use to steal personal data is to insert themselves in the middle of an online conversation between people who believe they are communicating privately. By intercepting messages and copying them or changing them before sending them to the intended recipient, they try to manipulate the participants into giving them valuable data. • Insider Threat: Although most attacks are conducted by people outside an organization, security teams must also be on the lookout for insider threats. Employees and other people who legitimately have access to restricted resources may inadvertently or in some cases intentionally leak sensitive data. • Unauthorized Access: Many security breaches start with stolen account credentials. Whether bad actors acquire passwords through a phishing campaign or by guessing a common password, once they gain access to a system, they can install malware, do network reconnaissance, or escalate their privileges to allow them access to more sensitive systems and data. Previous Historical Occurrences • March 14, 2024: The Tarrant Appraisal District (TAD) reported Medusa, the hacking group, claimed responsibility for the March 14, 2024, ransomware attack on the TAD, posting sensitive personal data of 300 people obtained during the attack on the dark web. Medusa, located primarily in Romania, 15 Ecosystm, 2024, "Things You Need to Know About Cyber Attacks, Threats and Risks," Things you need to know about Cyber Attacks, Threats & Risks - Ecosystm Insights. 45 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN demanded $700,000 during the March 14 attack. TAD opted not to pay the ransom but made cybersecurity upgrades instead, so Medusa leaked the sensitive data. The system used to manage property taxes continued to have issues with email and its website.16 • June 24, 2023: A hacker group called SiegedSec claimed responsibility for the leaked internal data from the City of Fort Worth's online systems, downloading information and posting it on a website called Telegram and on Twitter. The group posted pictures, spreadsheets, invoices, emails, and other internal information from View Works using stolen login information, the system that facilitates maintenance work orders for Fort Worth's transportation, public works, parks and recreation, and property management departments. However, no sensitive information from Fort Worth residents, businesses, or employees was leaked. Fort Worth officials worked with federal and local law enforcement to investigate the incident, as they believed the purpose of the hack was likely to embarrass the city and target the State of Texas on its position on gender -affirming care.17 SiegedSec hackers did not demand a ransom from the City of Fort Worth.18 Probability of Future Events The Federal Bureau of Investigation Annual Internet Crime Report provides statistical data on cybercrimes reported in the United States from complaints received in its internet crime complaint center. The following statistics show that there has been a significant increase in cybercrime in the State of Texas: • 2022: 38,661 victims: the 3rd highest number of victims and in the top 10 states for victims' losses of $776.1 M for cybercrime. • 2023: 47,305 victims: the 2nd highest number of victims and in the top 10 states for victims' losses of $1.021 billion ($3.345M per capita) to cybercrime. Vulnerability Assessment Many aspects of our lives are now reliant on networked technology that is vulnerable to cyberattacks. Critical infrastructure refers to the systems and assets that are vital for the functioning of society, the economy, and national security. They comprise a vast network of assets, systems, and utilities that are needed to maintain normalcy in daily life and retain vast amounts of personal identifiable data. Any incapacitation could have debilitating effects on the county's security, local economy, public health and safety, and exposure of data could produce severe consequences for individuals. 16 WFAA.com ABC Channel 8 News, Janel Forte, April 16, 2024, Tarrant County Appraisal District ransomware attack: latest I wfaa.com. 17 Dark Reading, June 27, 2023, Trans -Rights Hacktivists Steal City of Ft. Worth's Data (darkreading.com). 18 KERA News, NPR for North Texas, Toluwani Osibamowo, June 24, 2023, Hackers leak internal info from City of Fort Worth, targeting Texas over gender -affirming care ban I KERA News. 46 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN IMPACT ON ASSETS Cyberattacks are a serious threat to America's critical infrastructure and can severely impact our day-to- day lives. The types of critical infrastructure sectors that might be vulnerable to cyberattacks are as follows: • Chemical • Commercial facilities • Communications • Critical manufacturing • Dams • Defense industrial base • Emergency services • Energy • Financial services • Food and agriculture • Government facilities • Healthcare and public health • Information technology • Nuclear reactors, materials, and waste • Transportation • Water and wastewater The Texas Department of Homeland Security Strategic Plan 2021-2025 states that cyberattacks and intrusions can be used by criminals, terrorists, insiders, and hostile foreign nations to disrupt delivery of essential services, mask other attacks, or shake citizens' confidence in the government. Cyberattacks are rather easy to execute and challenging to disrupt and investigate, as demonstrated in the August 2019 ransomware attack that impacted 23 local government entities in Texas. The frequency of attacks and intrusions has increased significantly during the past five years. As the cyber threat continues to grow and evolve, a particular concern is the potentially severe consequence of an effective cyberattack against critical infrastructure facilities and systems. Cyber threats could also cause the denial or disruption of essential services, including utilities, public health, finance, or law enforcement networks.19 VULNERABLE POPULATIONS The vulnerability of young and old adults is largely due to the surge of new customers going online during 2020. Although most young adults are tech -savvy, they are not immune from attacks, as they often have 19 Office of the Texas Governor, 2021, Texas Homeland Security Strategic Plan 2021-2025. 47 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN a false sense of their capabilities, which leads to being caught off guard as they openly share personal information. In contrast, older adults are much less familiar with the latest technologies, increasing their susceptibility to various scams and phishing attacks that criminals target them with.20 21 Cybernews.com, Adi Gaskell, October 14, 2021, Who is most vulnerable to cybercrime: new report reveals surprising insights I CVbernews. 48 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Drought Drought can be defined as a water shortage caused by a natural reduction in the amount of precipitation expected over an extended period, usually a season or more in length. It can be aggravated by other factors, such as high temperatures, high winds, and low relative humidity. Tarrant County experiences a cycle of wet and drought conditions that can extend over a period of months or even years. Extended periods of drought can have an enormous impact on an area by affecting the abundance of water supply, the agricultural economy, and the foundations of structures. Drought may affect the entire Tarrant County planning area equally. Lucation and Extent Figure 15 through Figure 19 show annual changes in drought conditions between 2018 and 2024. Tarrant County has experienced an increase in drought conditions over the years, with 2016 being the wettest year in this period. U.S. Drought Monitor Class Change - Texas 52 Week r I I x = S C"m Dtgrumwrp - 4 Clay D-Nr+di*- = 3 Clt D"ffid*UM 2Ol Dgmdmbm Q 7 &-W� Dn Md0bun _ 0 ift Om"W 1 C4Mq+a+~I = $ GWM WW&N nl JEIIUflIf -3CLwnWW Rl compLar9d to ♦ CWW WWl January 10. 2016 draughlmanitor.unl.etlu � C"'*`4'°` Figure 15: United States Drought Monitor Class Change, Texas, 2019-202021 21 United States Drought Monitor, "Class Change, Texas, 1 Year" 2020, http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu. 49 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN U.S. Drought Monitor Class Change - Texas 52 Week �I r L r r f S �i{1 ¢tp,rdinor, auA■.orpmdgl:! n _ - 3 Claim Orprodide,i ED 11�14F d�QAd4t4�, I � � wo 2 Con ImprpM,.�,rS January 5, 2021 -3aat*Impmyt-wt COIMMIN red CO � a G**.ln*o—.*n� January 9, 2020 droughtmonitor.unl.edu 5Cj'""1"°44"""'"4 Figure 16: United States Drought Monitor Class Change, Texas, 2020-202122 zz United States Drought Monitor, "Class Change, Texas, 1 Year" 2021, http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu. 50 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN U.S. Drought Monitor Class Change - Texas 52 Week _ I L _� � 5 Cleve Oe�edalion 4 data awad`ti n Q 2 Cwp 13#1"d lion I� 1 Cwee 041ra0awn Fin Chaly� 7 CI4F41mprpWelMi - Z CI*p Impr41'*mRnl January 4, 2022 — 3CimaeIm "nml COrlpaf6d to - 4 clou Impra -d January S. 2021 droughtmonitor.unl.edu -SCIGYGIrw84irrrnl Figure 17: United States Drought Monitor Class Change, Texas, 2021-202221 23 United States Drought Monitor, "Class Change, Texas, 1 Year" 2022, http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu. 51 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN U.S. Drought Monitor Class Change - Texas 52 Week fr - -lr.l 5 - 5 C+sss Dsy.rdslnn - 4 ramm DW.d.mn ` t _ 3 Ches Uaoracpawn �- 2 Clb— Geyradetion 0 r "m DwodsWn _ w cnew 1 Chas Imumm of 2 Cbea Impnxemer' January 3, 2023 -bCU:Imprv"'Wr, compared to -q [4jlmprpwamor7 Ja rl uary 4, 2022 dmughtmonitor.unLed u �sclass 'mwmem°'; Figure 18: United States Drought Monitor Class Change, Texas 2022-202324 24 United States Drought Monitor, "Class Change, Texas, 1 Year" 2023, http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu. 52 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN U.S. Drought Monitor Class Change - Texas Start of Calendar Year I 1, J 5 � a cute �groeaho� - - a claaa oagneauon 3 CUM UigratliGbn Q 2 Chas Dagmdafivn l Close Degradation No {range 7 CIas4l mm arrant Cr 2 Claw Imp—e"M ` eptern 'bbf 17, 2024 - 5 Ctow Impioysm rd compared to January �, � - d Cbes Imprevsmam droughtmonitor.unl.edu aMem 1mPnmrF4nt Figure 19: United States Drought Monitor Class Change, Texas, 202421 za United States Drought Monitor, "Class Change, Texas, 1 Year" 2024, http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu. 53 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN U.S. Dnugh r Monitor Texas September 17, 2024 ifdmased 7bursdaY, Ste. M 2M) Valld 9 a.m. EDT JXou" candbxm rFeroenrAreaJ -- D -1xt Cn4DA CVnlgt 12 t6 or N4i 1000 7'1! I 303J m 63 3? 1F 1&W i*1 1 BF a w,yp� 3 Mmol hV -JARS 4001 29151 @33 2ip DDA CFiF ml $tmgr G1Fg1■ TWr 30 9D M 46 39 iF 17 7B set D dB a vvem sonar 7rrr rxr 3 D3 N 9F BD F+4 M R6 38 Ad tY9S 3W %917 S141 6773 -7# inmr),gyy ir#dM D2S■++rip QPPLuM QD1wat4+M*DraWrt DAL EgwFl4"agrws1 laraf oxmk*m rw wp % man M+a�w-0n cn Me Atwpf UV�W 99 l4 rWW R4VA''MVNkPr Vim' WWANO*W. efad V S Dfp rimerh1 VA91K u" USDA ( 1. l drDulg htmoniwr.unl.$dv ® None DO-D4 D1-D4 ��Mf Current 2024-09-17 53.80 46.20 13.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 60 Last Week to Current 2024-09-10 53.80 46.20 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 47 3 Months Ago to Current 2024-06-18 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 Start of Calendar Year to Current 2023-12-26 93.63 6.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6 Start of Water Year to Current 2023-09-26 0.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 0.00 400 One Year Ago to Current 2023-09-19 0.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 0.00 400 Estimated Population in Drought Areas, 251,722 Figure 20: Drought Conditions for Tarrant County as of September 17, 2024 Figure 21 shows that 2014-2015 had the greatest severity and longest time period of D3-D4 drought conditions. Besides major crop damage, these extreme drought conditions can put Tarrant County in extreme fire danger and could cause widespread water shortages and restrictions, creating a water emergency. 54 iao.ao%, ao.ao%, so.00%, ao.ao%, MGM TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Tarrant County (TX) Percent Area in U.S. Drought Monitor Categories 1 A A A A A A A A a a A A A A A Un am w .o Figure 21: Drought Conditions, Tarrant County, Texas, 2000-202526 A ! A I A ! A I A I A 26 United States Drought Monitor, 2024, "Tarrant County Texas Drought Monitor, 2000-2025 Time Series Chart," Time Series I U.S. Drought Monitor (unl.edu) 55 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Table 13 describes the drought monitoring indices, with drought severity, return period, and a description of the possible impacts of the severity of drought. Table 13: National Drought Mitigation Center Drought Indices with Drought Severity Drought Monitoring Indices Diougln f�etwnn Peiiod DescIiptioin of Possible Impacts tandaidized NDIV14 " Palnen Severity (years) Pnecipitationn Diou[Ilit Diou[Ilit Index (SPI) 4- tegony Index Going into drought; short-term dryness slowing Minor 3 to 4 growth of crops or pastures; fire risk above average. -0.5 to -0.7 DO -1.0 to -1.9 Drought Coming out of drought; some lingering water deficits; pastures or crops not fully recovered. Some damage to crops or pastures; fire risk high; Moderate streams, reservoirs, or wells low, some water Drought 5 to 9 shortages developing or imminent, voluntary water -0.8 to -1.2 D1 -2.0 to -2.9 use restrictions requested. Severe Crop or pasture losses likely; fire risk very high; water Drought 10 to 17 shortages common; water restrictions imposed. 1.3 to 1.5 D2 3.0 to 3.9 Exceptional Drought 44+ Exceptional and widespread crop and pasture losses'. exceptional fire risk; shortages of water in reservoirs, streams. and wells creating water emergencies. less than -2 D4 -5.0 or less ' NDMC - National Drought Mitigation Center Figure 22 shows conditions based on the Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI) for Tarrant County and the state of Texas. The KBDI, which is used to determine forest fire potential, is based on a daily water balance, where the drought factor is balanced with precipitation and soil moisture (assumed to have a maximum storage capacity of 8 inches) and is expressed in hundredths of an inch of depletion of soil moisture. The drought index ranges from 0 to 800, where a drought index of 0 represents no moisture depletion, and an index of 800 represents absolutely dry conditions. At present, this index is derived from ground - based estimates of temperature and precipitation received from weather stations and interpolated manually by experts at the Texas Forest Service (TFS) for counties across the state. Researchers at Texas A&M University are working with TFS to derive this index from Advanced Very -High -Resolution Radiometer satellite data and Next -Generation Radar rainfall in GIS. 0 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 4 Figure 22: Keetch-Byram Drought Index for Texas, Circle Indicating Tarrant County27 Previous Historical Occurrences Table 14 lists all historical droughts from February 2015 to 2023. Property damage from drought totals $2,000, and crop damage totals $19,000. Calculations of annualized losses due to drought events were conducted using historical data obtained from the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). 2' Texas A&M Forest Service. Keetch-Byram Drought Index, 09/20/2024. https://tfsweb.tamu.edu/DroughtStudy/. 57 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Table 14: Historical Periods of Drought, Tarrant County, 2015-202428 Location Tarrant (Zone) Date 08/25/2015 Deaths 0 Injuries 0 Property.. Damage $0 Damage $0 Tarrant (Zone) 09/01/2015 0 0 $0 $1,000 Tarrant (Zone) 10/01/2015 0 0 $2,000 $0 Tarrant (Zone) 12/01/2017 0 0 $0 $1,000 Tarrant (Zone) 07/01/2018 0 0 $0 $5,000 Tarrant (Zone) 08/01/2018 0 0 $0 $2,000 Tarrant (Zone) 10/01/2019 0 0 $0 $0 Tarrant (Zone) 11/17/2020 0 0 $0 $0 Tarrant (Zone) 12/01/2020 0 0 $0 $0 Tarrant (Zone) 02/23/2021 0 0 $0 $0 Tarrant (Zone) 03/01/2021 0 0 $0 $0 Tarrant (Zone) 01/01/2022 0 0 $0 $0 Tarrant (Zone) 02/01/2022 0 0 $0 $0 Tarrant (Zone) 03/01/2022 0 0 $0 $0 Tarrant (Zone) 04/01/2022 0 0 $0 $0 Tarrant (Zone) 05/01/2022 0 0 $0 $0 Tarrant (Zone) 06/01/2022 0 0 $0 $0 Tarrant (Zone) 07/01/2022 0 0 $0 $0 Tarrant (Zone) 08/01/2022 0 0 $0 $0 Tarrant (Zone) 09/01/2022 0 0 $0 $0 Tarrant (Zone) 10/04/2022 0 0 $0 $0 Tarrant (Zone) 11/01/2022 0 0 $0 $0 Tarrant (Zone) 07/11/2023 0 0 $0 $0 Tarrant (Zone) 08/01/2023 0 0 $0 $0 Tarrant (Zone) 09/01/2023 0 0 $0 $0 Tarrant (Zone) 10/01/2023 0 0 $0 $0 Tarrant (Zone) 11 /01 /2023 0 0 $0 $0 Totals: 0 0 $2,000 $19,000 28 National Centers for Environmental Information, 2024, Storm Events Database - Search Pape I National Centers for Environmental Information (noaa.gov). 58 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Probability of Future Events Rising temperatures, decreased precipitation, and higher emissions are expected to increase the probability of drought events in Tarrant County. As the number of days with maximum temperatures over 100 OF increases, the region will likely experience a higher evaporation rate, leading to lower soil moisture and water availability. In addition, with higher emissions, the frequency of hot days is expected to increase significantly, leading to a high probability of drought.29 Furthermore, climate models predict that the region could experience a decline in precipitation in the future. This could exacerbate the impact of rising temperatures and lead to more frequent and severe droughts. As a result, it is essential to take action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the impact of climate change to prevent the probability of droughts from increasing in Tarrant County and other regions. Figure 23 is a Seasonal Drought Outlook map showing the likely development for Tarrant County.30 It shows that Tarrant County experienced moderate drought (D1 intensity) in August 2024.31 Effective measures to mitigate drought include promoting sustainable land use practices, encouraging renewable energy sources, reducing carbon emissions, and implementing water conservation strategies. These actions could help preserve soil moisture, ensure adequate water availability, and minimize the likelihood of droughts. Figure 24, Table 15, and Table 16 indicate there will be a gradual increase in the number of days each year with temperatures over 100 OF in Tarrant County and the effects of temperature created by lower and higher emissions.32 29 Texas Department of Emergency Management (TDEM), 2023 State of Texas Hazard Mitigation Action Plan, "Drought Probability in Tarrant County," txdem.sharer)oint.com/sites/TDEMWebsiteFiles/Shared Documents/Forms/AII Items.aspx?id=%2Fsites%2FTDEMWebsiteFiles%2FShared Documents%2FMitigation%2FState of Texas HMAP Update - 10%2E27%2E23%2Epdf&parent=%2Fsites%2FTDEMWebsiteFiles%2FShared Documents%2FMitigation&p=true&qa=1. 30 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Agency, National Weather Service Climate Prediction Center, 2024, "United States Seasonal Drought Outlook," Climate Prediction Center: Seasonal Drought Outlook (noaa.gov). 31 United States Drought Monitor, 2024, "State of Texas Intensity Map," Texas I U.S. Drought Monitor (unl.edu). 32 Climate Mapping for Resilience and Adaption, 2024, https://livingatlas.arcgis.com/assessment-tool/explore/details. 59 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN U.S. Seasonal Draught Outlook Drought Tendency During the Valid Period f got Author: Rich Tut ker S NOA{eNtYJS+NCEPlim Cate Prediction Center } Valid for August 15 • November 30, 2024 Released August 15, 2024 Tarrant County Deploslarge�cale vends bases on a�4lectNely derived vmbahlliNas }?�y guided by mart- and bng-rape Use riwl and dynamical m al, tts. Use pd 1149n rpr app�CallpAS LitdL care be affected by *hail Ilved events rongp: i drought areas are based on the U.S Drouahi lk> iwr areas otensilles or D l to DL1 NOTE Th�jpn Bros Imply W lean[ r: a 1-ca eg" Imprq eajer[i in the GrnugM Aipnlgr lnienylly IeyeI5 by IIK dad NUDC perod. QN gh drougbl xrll r"Vin. The green areas Imply drought removal bylhe em1,11he period [D6 or none} ■ DruughF perssh + Draught remains, but Irnpr w— Drought removal likely Drought develo ment like W P 1 ❑ No di aught 1' r https:Ngo.usa.govY3eZ73 Figure 23: United States Seasonal Drought Outlook (August 15—November 30, 2024) 120 80 4D . • D Modeled'Atstos'l early �%,tury Ltd Ce%lt"" ate CerituN Modeled History (1976-2005) Lower emissions Higher emissions Figure 24: Effects of Higher and Lower Emissions on 100-Degree Days through 210011 Climate Mapping for Resilience and Adaption, 2024, https:Hlivingatlas.arcgis.com/assessment. TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Table 15: Days per Year in Tarrant County with Temperature above 100 °F with Lower Emissions14 Lower emissions W in Minimum Mean Maximum Projection (Days) Projection Modeled History 15.3 18.6 23.2 (1976-2005) Early Century 22.8 38.8 57.0 (2015-2044) Mid Century 27.1 48.9 74.1 (2035-2064) Table 16: Days per Year in Tarrant County with Temperature above 100 OF with Higher Emissions" Higher emissions Minimum Mean Maximum Projection (Days) Projection Modeled History 15.8 18,6 23.2 (1976-2005) Early Century 22.8 40.3 58.6 (2015-2044) Mid Century 38 3 57.1 89 1 (2035-2064) Late Century (2070-2099) 61.7 92.5 121.E mpact of Climate Trends and VariationF Climate change contributes to drought by altering weather patterns and increasing temperatures. As the climate continues to warm, more soil water evaporates, leading to drier conditions. In addition, changes in precipitation patterns can contribute to drought. In some regions in Texas, such as Tarrant County, there may be less rainfall overall, while in others, rainfall may be more sporadic and less predictable, making it difficult to plan and manage water resources. Drought will continue to be driven largely by precipitation variability over multiple decades, with long-term precipitation trends expected to be relatively small." Figure 25, a climate change forecast, illustrates average, maximum, and minimum temperature change 34 Ibid. 35 Climate Mapping for Resilience and Adaption, 2024, https://Iivingatlas.arcgis.com/assessment-tool/explore/details. 36 Texas Department of Emergency Management, 2023 State of Texas Hazard Mitigation Action Plan, "Drought Probability in Tarrant County," txdem.sharepoint.com/sites/TDEMWebsiteFiles/Shared Documents/Forms/All Items.aspx?id=%2Fsites%2FTDEMWebsiteFiles%2FShared Documents%2FMitigation%2FState of Texas HMAP Update - 10%2E27%2E23%2Epdf&parent=%2Fsites%2FTDEMWebsiteFiles%2FShared Documents%2FMitigation&p=true&qa=1. 61 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN predictions for Tarrant County from 2022 to 2040. It also shows projected climate in that period, considering a median scenario, neither particularly optimistic nor pessimistic. Figure 25: Climate Change Forecast, Future Climate Trends for Tarrant County, Texas37 Vulnerability Assessment Droughts can have wide-ranging impacts that cross jurisdictional boundaries and affect large areas. Although all existing and future buildings, facilities, and populations are at risk of this hazard, droughts usually cause water shortages and crop/livestock losses on agricultural lands. The effects of dry soil on buildings can also be quite damaging. As the ground dries out, it contracts, causing or worsening cracks in foundations, walls, and driveways. Other symptoms of foundation damage include uneven floors, doors and windows out of alignment, and broken sewer pipes. The economic consequences of droughts can be extensive, as they create a complex interconnection of impacts on various sectors of the economy and extend far beyond the geographic region affected by the drought. This complexity arises because water is crucial in producing goods and delivering services. If droughts persist for many years, the direct and indirect economic consequences can be significant. Drought is also closely related to wildfire risk. Prolonged periods of drought lead to decreased soil moisture and increased plan mortality and stressed vegetation, which creates more fuel for fires. Ground and surface water quality can also be affected during drought. Lower water levels in water bodies may increase the concentration of waterborne pollutants and may also result in higher water temperature which can affect aquatic ecosystems. 37 Augurisk, Mearns, L.O., et al., 2017: The NA-CORDEX dataset, version 1.0. NCAR Climate Data Gateway, Boulder CO, accessed [November 2020]. Scenario RCP4.5 (median scenario), Model: CanESM2.CanRCM4. "Tarrant County Climate Change Forecast." Tarrant County Texas natural disaster risk assessment on Augurisk. RCP = Representative Concentration Pathway (of temperature change). C. TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN ESTIMATED IMPACT AND POTENTIAL LOSSES Annualized loss value can be interpreted as the impact expected from drought in terms of human losses and injuries and property losses. Data from the NRI (see Figure 26) show an EAL from drought in Tarrant County of $32,000, a relatively low percentile rating compared with the rest of the United States, and a score of 55.1.31 Legend Drought EAL Very High Relatively High rw Drought* Relatively Low ■ Relatively Score 55.1 Moderate Relatively LOW rd SFo�Sonh Q very Low Adin t R nn o- 100 ❑ No Expected Expected Annual Loss $32K Annual Losses Ts ® Not Applicable Exposure $1911A Insufficient Data Frequency 32.7 events per year Expected Annual Loss 9 n z,i Vulnerability Historic Loss Ratio Very Low +Community Resilience 'a' *Note: Expected Annual Loss is based on Agricultural = Risk Index (crop OnIV) ImpdCtS Figure 26: National Risk Index Data on Estimated Annual Loss from Drought, Tarrant County, Texas39 IMPACT ON COUNTY ASSETS Community lifelines are the most fundamental services in the community that, when stabilized, enable all other aspects of society to function. Community lifelines are essential for the well-being of any community. They provide support and assistance to individuals who require help, especially during times of crisis. FEMA community lifelines are a critical component of emergency management in the United States. These lifelines are designed to address the essential needs of a community during and after a disaster. There are eight lifelines, each with its own focus and purpose (see Figure 27). 0 11i:21 1� lad kkty and Fncd Ry dua nn, �oallh xnc srrgy lRcunly Slr•Itc, Mec ica Fn: rx h r.xll v (w) 'lazardDus ywr TranF}IpAAl�in M11a[edal9 COmmunieutiors s Figure 27: FEMA Community Lifelines 38 FEMA, National Risk Index, 2024, Tarrant County Drought Expected Annual Loss, Map I National Risk Index (fema.gov). 39 FEMA, National Risk Index, 2024, "Tarrant County Drought Expected Annual Loss Map, Legend and Score," Map I National Risk Index (femi 63 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Community lifelines help create a sense of safety and security in a community. They provide a safety net for individuals who may be struggling and offer comfort and reassurance that help is available when needed. Without these lifelines, communities would be much more vulnerable to crises and emergencies. The main lifelines for drought are food, hydration, shelter, and water systems; most crops and animals require water to thrive and grow, without which they stress and ultimately die. Shelter also is affected, as drought can severely damage structural integrity as the soil pulls away from beams, buildings, and bridges. VULNERABLE POPULATIONS All populations, agriculture, property, and the environment in Tarrant County are vulnerable to drought. During extreme drought conditions, typical demand can deplete water resources, leading to a scarcity of potable water and a decline in overall water quality. This can raise health concerns for all residents, especially for vulnerable populations, such as children, the elderly, and the immunocompromised. In addition, potable water is crucial for drinking, sanitation, patient care, sterilization, equipment, and heating and cooling systems in medical facilities." The Community Resilience for Equity reports United States Census Bureau statistics for Tarrant County on social vulnerability factors and Hispanic origin and race (see Figure 28 and Figure 29). 40 Texas Department of Emergency Management, 2023 State of Texas Hazard Mitigation Action Plan, "Drought Impact on Vulnerable Populations," txdem.sharepoint.com/sites/TDEMWebsiteFiles/Shared Documents/Forms/AII Items.aspx?id=%2Fsites%2FTDEMWebsiteFiles%2FShared Documents%2FMitigation%2FState of Texas HMAP Update - 10%2E27%2E23%2Epdf&parent=%2Fsites%2FTDEMWebsiteFiles%2FShared Documents%2FMitigation&p=true&qa=1. 64 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Showing Texas Tarrant County, Statistics for: Texas Population Households Below the Poverty Leve 10.3% 77,426 Total Households w/Pop 65+ Living Alon 8.0% 60,195 Total Female Householder No Spouse' 6.1 % 45,958 Total Male Householder No Spouse 1.3% 9,856 Total Households Without Vehicl, 4.4% 32,897 Total Households with Disabilit 21.0% 158,803 Total Households with Broadband Interne 92.0% 694,681 Total *Householder, no spouse present, with own children ofthe householder under AC52018.20225oDP82, 511007, urces: 18 years Figure 28: Community Resilience Estimates, Tarrant County, 202241 Total- Hispanic or Latino (of any . race) Total - Not Hispanic or Latino Total - White alone Total - Black or African Amencan]�fe American Indian and I Alaska Native alone Total -Asian alone ■ Total - Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone Total - Some other race alone Total -Two or more races 0 5001, 1'A 1.5P11 Figure 29: Hispanic Origin and Race, Tarrant County, 202242 41 Community Resilience Estimates (CRE) for Equity, 2022, "Tarrant County Population Social Vulnerability Statistics," CRE for Equity (arcgis.com). 42 Community Resilience Estimates (CRE) for Equity, 2022, "Tarrant County Population Hispanic Origin and Race Statistics," CRE for Equity (arcgis.com). 65 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN The Climate and Economic Justice Screening Tool can be used to illustrate census tracts in Tarrant County that are reported as overburdened and underserved. They are highlighted in gray in Figure 30. This tool ranks most of the burdens using percentiles and shows how much burden each census tract experiences when compared with other tracts. Communities are considered disadvantaged if their census tract meets the threshold for at least one of the tool's categories of burden: climate change, energy, health, housing, legacy pollution, transportation, water and wastewater, and workforce development." Figure 30: Climate and Economic Justice Areas (in Gray), Tarrant County44 nevelopmpnt Trends The Tarrant Regional Water District Strategic Water Conservation Plan indicates that water demands are projected to double over the next fifty years, primarily due to projected growth in population in the area. The Conservation Plan addresses possible needs for water conservation, water reuse, and acquisition of additional water supply.45 On October 1, 2021, Tarrant County issued a ban on outdoor burning for 90 days, as unincorporated areas were under drought conditions due to a lack of rainfall for several weeks.46 A press release on August 20, 2024, stated that severe drought conditions in unincorporated areas of Tarrant County prompted the Fire Marshal to request the ban on outdoor burning, based on an order from the Tarrant 43 Climate and Economic Justice Screening Tool, 2024 (https://www.geoplatform.gov/). 44 Climate and Economic Justice Screening Tool, 2024 (https://www.geoplatform.gov/). 45 Tarrant Regional Water District Strategic Water Conservation Plan, 2013. https://savetarrantwater.com/wp- content/uploads/2020/09/strategic water conservation plan.pdf. 46 Fort Worth Star -Telegram, Haley Samsel, October 1, 2021, "As Severe Drought Conditions Hit North Texas, Tarrant County Issues 90-Day Burn Ban," Tarrant County bans outdoor burning to prevent wildfires I Fort Worth Star - Telegram. TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN County commissioners court, to protect the lives and properties of Tarrant County residents. The Texas A&M Forest Service supported the request for an outdoor burning ban. In Texas, local governments are empowered to take action on behalf of those they serve. When drought conditions exist, a burn ban can be put in place by a county judge or county commissioners court, prohibiting or restricting outdoor burning for public safety.47 Drought conditions in Tarrant County have been persistent since the last plan update in 2020, indicating increasing vulnerability to drought. Figure 31 shows a fire in dried vegetation in neighboring Parker County. Figure 31: Grass and Weeds on Fire, Parker County, 2018 VULNERABILITY SCORE The NRI includes data on the EALs to individual natural hazards, historical loss, and overall risk at the county and census tract levels. Based on the NRI, Tarrant County has a rating for drought of relatively low and a score of 53.6, which is lower than the national percentile. Drought* Relatively Low Score 53.6 *Note: Risk Index is based on Agricultural Legend ....... Drought Risk Very High Relatively High Relatively Moderate ord er orth Arlington Relatively Low Very Low No Rating Not Applicable -- Insufficient Data Figure 32: National Risk Index Data for Drought Risk, Tarrant County48 47 Tarrant County Texas Government, 2024, PRESS RELEASE (tarrantcountytx.gov). 48 FEMA, National Risk Index, "Tarrant County Drought Score, Map, and Legend." Map I National Risk Index fema. ov . 67 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Earthquake An earthquake is a sudden motion or trembling caused by an abrupt release of accumulated strain on the tectonic plates that constitute the Earth's crust. The theory of plate tectonics holds that the Earth's crust is broken into several major plates. These rigid, 50- to 60-mile-thick plates move slowly and continuously over the interior of the Earth, meeting in some areas and separating in others. As the tectonic plates move together, they bump, slide, catch, and hold. Eventually, faults along or near plate boundaries slip abruptly when the stress exceeds the elastic limit of the rock, and an earthquake occurs. Lt,�ation and Extent Table 17 describes the levels of shaking possible from earthquakes, with reference to the Modified Mercalli Intensity Chart. Figure 33 shows the levels of ground shaking from earthquakes in 2023.41 Tarrant County is at a Level V or VI on the Modified Mercalli (MMI) Intensity Chart, with moderate to strong shaking. Table 17: Magnitude/Intensity Comparison for Earthquakesso Typical Maximum AbbreviatedMagnitude .. 1.0-3.0 MMI 1 I. Not felt except by very few under especially favorable conditions 3.0-3.9 11-111 11. Felt only by a few persons at rest, especially on the upper floors of buildings. 111. Felt quite noticeably by persons indoors, especially on the upper floors of buildings. Many people do not recognize it as an earthquake. Standing motorcars may rock slightly. Vibrations are similar to the passing of a truck. Duration estimated. 4.0-4.9 IV—V IV. Felt indoors by many and outdoors by few during the day. At night, some awakened. Dishes, windows, doors disturbed; walls make cracking sounds. Sensation like a heavy truck striking a building. Standing motorcars rocked noticeably. V. Felt by nearly everyone; many awakened. Some dishes and windows broken. Unstable objects overturned. Pendulum clocks may stop. 5.0-5.9 VI—VII VI. Felt by all, many frightened. Some heavy furniture moved; a few instances of fallen plaster. Damage slight. VII. Damage negligible in buildings of good design and construction; slight to moderate damage in well-built ordinary structures; considerable damage in poorly built or badly designed structures; some chimneys broken. 6.0-6.9 VII—IX VII. Damage negligible in buildings of good design and construction; slight to moderate in well-built ordinary structures; considerable damage in poorly built or badly designed structures; some chimneys broken. 49 USGS, 2023, "National Seismic Hazard Model," National Seismic Hazard Model (2023) — Chance of Damaging Earthquake Shaking I U.S. Geological Survey (usas.aov). 50 US Geological Survey, "Magnitude/Intensity Comparison for Earthquakes," http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/topics/mag vs int.php, last modified 09/29/2014. MS. TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Note: MMI = Modified Mercalli Intensity t Chance of slight (or greater) - damaging earthquake shaking Alask - �I in 100 years > 95 Hawaii i 75 - 95 50 - 75 t t 25-50 5-25 <5 OFF—v •equivalent to Modified Mercalli Intensity V(- which is defined asr Alaska "Felt by all, many frightened. Some heavy furniture moved; a _ few instances of fallen plaster. 0 500 Miles" Damage slight." 7r- 0 500 Kilometers— --Alaska, Hawaii, and the el. conterminous United States ! ~r +,�— `ter., _T ` all shown at the same scale L T K Populatiou density ( per ken 25 - 250 Qi *4 Hawaii y sY j Figure 33: National Seismic Hazard Model The ensuing seismic activity and ground motion provoke secondary hazards: surface faulting and ground failure. The vibration or shaking of the ground during an earthquake is referred to as "ground motion." In -e TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN general, the severity of ground motion increases with the amount of energy released and declines with distance from the causative fault or epicenter. When a fault ruptures, seismic waves are propagated in all directions, causing the ground to vibrate at frequencies ranging from 0.1 to 30 Hz. Seismic waves are referred to as P waves, S waves, and surface waves. Due to the risk associated with a distant quake, earthquakes may affect the entire planning area equally. Tarrant County has a very low earthquake risk, with a total of 20 earthquakes since 1931. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) database shows that there is a 0.18% chance of a major earthquake within 30 miles of Tarrant County in the next 50 years. The largest earthquake within 30 miles of Tarrant County was a 3.2 magnitude in 2024.51 51 Homefacts, Earthquake Information for Tarrant County, Texas, 2024. https://www. homefacts.com/earthquakes/Texas/Tarrant-Cou ntV. htm I. 70 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN ■i���iEN ■■■■■ .. �! ■� �ON 91EMEN MENEM w ■■...`i�fr� W E'Sm� ■-. ■Mr■■N������, \m■■■■I�il�ll�.�'i�l PRO Chihuahua 4 Monterrey Legend Risk Level Very Low National Seismic Hazards N Low Mode t. High Very High - -_ Figure 34: Seismic Risk Levels for Texas 71 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Legend Risk Level Lowest Very Low Low Moderate High Very High Highest o � a'g Haslet Q Southlake Keller Grapevine eb bAzle Q Saginaw Watau Blue Mound Lakeside Lake Worth Haltom City River Oaks L--1 C� Fort Worth J Colleyvillc North Richland Euless Bedford Benhrook Edgediff FHllst Uillagel n_ K Everman n Crowley i r Arlington J Pantego Dalwortthi g on Gardens National Seismic Hazards iIEM. GEO Tarrant County Mansfield N A 0 2 5 � roc y / Swace:USGS,2024 Figure 35: Seismic Risk Level for Tarrant County Previii Hi-qtoricnl Orri irreni According to the USGS and the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), there are no "significant" earthquakes on record for the State of Texas. Small earthquakes in portions of Texas are a common occurrence.52 Figure 36 shows the location and magnitude of past earthquakes in Tarrant County. 52 Texas Department of Emergency Management, 2023 State of Texas Hazard Mitigation Action Plan, "Historical Earthquake Events in Texas," txdem.sharepoint.com/sites/TDEMWebsiteFiles/Shared Documents/Forms/AII Items.aspx?id=%2Fsites%2FTDEMWebsiteFiles%2FShared Documents%2FMitigation%2FState of Texas HMAP Update - 72 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Additional visualizations of past earthquakes of magnitude 2.0 or greater that were recorded by the USGS in and near Tarrant County are shown in Figure 37 and Figure 38. �J ewe "L,keslde— p ] Saginaw Blue Mound Lake Worth o �r Q Southlake Keller Grapevine eb Colleyville I r Watauga North Richland Euless Bedford Haltom City River Oaks Westworth� Villag Fort Worth 0 J O 06?) Benbrook p Edgediff Forest Uillagel K nf�.45 rE�nan p 0 q�P Crowley • Legend Magnitude 0 Seismic Epicenters O 2 0 3 (!�IEM GEO Tarrant County r •Q •p Arlington J Pantego Dalwort� h g on Gardens L-1-1 Mansf eld N ,,�IOUNj'•y Figure 36: Historic Earthquake Epicenters in Tarrant County 10%2E27%2E23%2Epdf&parent=%2Fsites%2FTDE M WebsiteFiles%2FShared Documents%2FMitigation&p=true&qa=1. 73 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN OklahomaCi t'/ - fort Smit� A R K A 3 months a depth o 3 1 magnitude, 3 km 9— � 9 + lo: A Mansfield Teas United States 3 months ago 3.2 magnitude, 5 km depth 0 14 1 t n Mansfield Texas United States fit " N s 4 3 months ago 2.4 magnitude, 0 km depth 'lawt,r, 4 I M U N t Chi Texas United States 6 months ago 2.2 magnitude, 0 km depth wichiraFalls BBridgep®rt Texas United States • Y 8 months ago 2.0 magnitude, 6 km depth 'Lubbock Haslet Texas United States Q{mm� `Y 4 8 months ago 2.3 magnitude, 9 km depth • Plma 4 Northlake Texas United States 4 4 10 months ago 3.7 magnitude, 19 km depth Fort Wor� '�} �,LDalla5 Longview Shreveport Duncan, Oklahoma United States n kbol ene • Q 3 years ago 1.8 magnitude, 7 km depth Tylcr' Dallas Texas United States Mid and �Lpake Y 4 years ago 2.3 magnitude, 5 km depth Farmers Branch Texas United States sa ma km , Wxo 4 4 years ago 2.4 magnitude, 5 km depth 'o mi 'San Angelo Idap data_ National Geographic, Esn,._ I Powered by Esn Joshua Texas United States Figure 37: Earthquakes above M2 in and near Tarrant County, 2020-202453 _ - Litt€e Eln, _ -- - • F, I— aI i � Lye ars ago 3.2 magnitude, 5 km depth + :.gt' lvain Itil • Le•xi.:ille Alvarado Teas United States — Flo—M—c! Plann� Murphy Wylie -I 4 5 years ago 2.6 magnitude, 5 km depth <outhlakrr - Springtowri 4 Keller• achsr rR oyse City -• •PH srd:�RockNal Rendon Texas United States aye �r`. �, �iimld. ---- — �Y %k Y 6years ago 2.3 magnitude, 5 km depth Cull ry •:,II:. left Fort Worth Texas United States min al wells Frk fars aa 6yeo 2.3 magnitude, 5 km depth - - •nte 5r.tl� „-„r I willow Park ' Weatherford- ^�OiffOTtfl•�/,41 •Callas •Mesgil'Le� enell �1? w Cleburne Teas United States 6 ago 3.5 magnitude, 5 km depth nledo' years Benbrook FortHill it _::: 11'. Fwtdirns, ,eago villa �' Venus Texas United States _ -- re.:{)cl•I, n Hili' Y crandall ' Lan castar 'wilnYSr,J,ln� 'Kaulrnan 6 years ago 1.7 magnitude, 6 km depth Bur „_�,,,• F�.r;;. IIrryving, Texas United States P `cl Oakes /% �• Y 6 ars aa yeo 2.5 magnitude, 6 km depth Graubtry - -- Irving, Texas United States - �N ar ahachic Y 6 years ago 2.1 magnitude, 4 km depth _ Farmers Branch Texas United States Kphmville Glcfi R- a ,III .�n 6years ago 3.1 magnitude, 5 km depth ! �y--.'.� , //�-� - Y Irving, Texas United States Km 20lily 7-ye ars aao 2.8 magnitude, 3 km depth , 35 hdap data. National Geographic, Esq_- I Powerea oy Es,i Agile Teas United States Figure 38: Earthquakes above M2 Recorded Near Tarrant County, 2017-202054 Tarrant County and participating jurisdictions experienced a few earthquakes during the time period analyzed for this plan. There is the potential for earthquake events, as evidenced by the discovery of the Azle and Irving fault lines in 2017 (see Figure 38). Earthquakes from surrounding areas can also affect the participating jurisdictions. Although no dollar amount of destruction was established, it is expected that all county and jurisdictional assets are considered vulnerable and can be exposed to this hazard. Assets near the Azle and Irving fault lines are most vulnerable to an earthquake event. Loss estimates are based on total amount over a period. The Tarrant County Hazlil reports no prior loss estimates for the time period. 53 Earthquaketrack.com, Courtesy of United States Geological Survey, 2024, Earthquakes M2> recorded Near Fort Worth, Texas (2020-2024), "Earthquakes in Fort Worth, Texas, United States - Most Recent (earthguaketrack.com). 54 Earthquaketrack.com, Courtesy of United States Geological Survey, 2024, Earthquakes M2> recorded Near Fort Worth, Texas (2017-2020), "Earthquakes in Fort Worth, Texas, United States - Most Recent (earthquaketrack.com). 74 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Probability of Future Events Figure 39 shows that most earthquakes since 1973 have occurred in the neighboring state of Oklahoma. If an Oklahoma earthquake is large enough, participating jurisdictions in Tarrant County can feel the shake, as Oklahoma is about 180 miles north. Jurisdictions in Tarrant County have experienced multiple earthquakes since 2009. The 2023 Texas SHMP states that the occurrence of low -magnitude, negligible events is considered highly likely. However, the occurrence of a substantial or damaging event is considered occasional; that is, such an event is likely to occur in the next five years.55 USGS Forecast for Damage from Natural and Induced Earthquakes in 2017 Based on the presumption earthqu ekes occur naturally r I °Lincoln---,/ l i oCoturnliu's�3- ashington j i f I �4-.`-Raleig oNashviVer� , I Oklaho i r _-T I `�Llty - �r oAtlarita oAvstin � r `z Based on natural and induced earthquakes Chance of damage 14igh-1 chance 10%-12% 5%- 10% 2% - 5% 1%-2% s 1% Lowest chance USGS map displaying potential to experience damage from natural or human -induced earthquakes in 2017. Chances range from less than 1 percent to 12 percent. Figure 39: Forecast for Damage from Natural and Induced Earthquakes in 2017 55 Texas Department of Emergency Management, 2023, State of Texas Hazard Mitigation Action Plan "Earthquake Hazard Profile," txdem.sharepoint.com/sites/TDEMWebsiteFiles/Shared Documents/Forms/AII Items.aspx?id=%2Fsites%2FTDEMWebsiteFiles%2FShared Documents%2FMitigation%2FState of Texas HMAP Update - 10%2E27%2E23%2Epdf&parent=%2Fsites%2FTDEMWebsiteFiles%2FShared Documents%2FMitigation&p=true&ga=1. 75 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Impact of Climate Trends and VariationF The impacts of climate trends and variations on earthquake frequency are largely unknown. According to USGS statistics, there is a nearly equal distribution of earthquakes across all weather conditions (e.g., hot, cold, rainy). Very large low-pressure changes associated with major storm systems, such as typhoons and hurricanes, are known to trigger episodes of fault slip or slow earthquakes in the Earth's crust, and they may play a role in triggering some damaging earthquakes. However, such cases are rare and not statistically significant.56 Vulnerability Assessment Damaging earthquakes are rare in Texas. However, it is important to be selective about mitigation efforts, focusing attention on structures or areas where potential hazard is greatest. The increasing population growth and dense urban construction in major cities inside the earthquake zones pose an increasing risk factor to the damage and loss of life potential from the next major earthquake incident. Tarrant County's vulnerability to earthquake has not changed since the last plan update. VULNERABILITY SCORE The NRI includes data on the EALs to individual natural hazards, historical loss, and overall risk at a county and Census tract level. Based on the NRI, Tarrant County has a rating of relatively low and a score of 89.6 for earthquake, which is lower than the national percentile. Figure 40: National Risk Index Data on Earthquake Risk, Tarrant County57 56 Texas Department of Emergency Management, 2023 State of Texas Hazard Mitigation Action Plan, "Changing Future Conditions on Earthquake in Texas," txdem.sharepoint.com/sites/TDEMWebsiteFiles/Shared. Documents/Forms/AlIItems. aspx?id=%2Fsites%2FTDEM We bsiteFiles%2FShared Documents%2FMitigation%2FState of Texas HMAP Update - 10%2E27%2E23%2Epdf&parent=%2Fsites%2FTDEMWebsiteFiles%2FShared Documents%2FMitigation&p=true&qa=1. 57 FEMA, National Risk Index, "Tarrant County Earthquake Score, Map, and Legend." Map I National Risk Index fema. ov . 76 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN ESTIMATED IMPACT AND POTENTIAL LOSSES The annualized loss value can be interpreted as the impact expected from earthquake in terms of annualized human losses and human injuries, and annualized property losses. Figure 41 illustrates the NRI rating for the EAL for Tarrant County at $2.5M from earthquake, with a "relatively low" EAL rating (87.7) compared with percentile rankings in the United States. Legend Earthquake EAL Very High Relatively High ■ Relatively Moderate Relatively Low 0 Very Low 0 No Expected Annual Losses Not Applicable ■ Insufficient Data 199 Earthquake Relatively Low yam, ; Score 87.7 oliYrti-V:brth Arlington c roo Expected Annual Loss $2.5M Exposure $25T Frequency 0.019% chance per year Historic Loss Ratio Relatively Low Figure 41: National Risk Index Data on Estimated Annual Loss from Earthquakes, Tarrant County58 IMPACT ON COUNTY ASSETS Community lifelines are the most fundamental services in the community; when stabilized, they enable all other aspects of society to function. As such, community lifelines are essential for the well-being of any community. They provide support and assistance to individuals who require help, especially during times of crisis. FEMA community lifelines are a critical component of emergency management in the United States. These lifelines are designed to address the essential needs of a community during and after a disaster. There are eight FEMA community lifelines, each with its own focus and purpose (see Figure 42). 0 _f* ad safety and Food, Hydration, -oJlh ma Energy secudry Shelter Stem. 'Faller 8 F.11 v a (W) b6i iazardous Writer Tran6pDAAlHn S1alen.19 CO Or' Sv�lem Figure 42: FEMA Community Lifelines 58 FEMA, National Risk Index, "Tarrant County Earthquake Expected Annual Loss — Earthquake, Map, Legend, and Score," Map I National Risk Index (fema.gov). 77 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN In the event of an earthquake event, electrical power lines on the National Power Grid are likely to be damaged and cause extended power outages and potential fires. Downed telecommunication towers would result in loss of communications systems throughout the county. Emergency responders' access to affected areas could be limited by road debris (e.g., downed trees and powerlines) and cracks in road surfaces due the impact of an earthquake. VULNERABLE POPULATIONS When an earthquake damages buildings and infrastructure, the people in and around them are in danger. Individuals and families can suffer injury and death both during and after an earthquake. Debris and damage can trap people in buildings, creating unknown survival conditions depending on the extent of building damage and resources available. When buildings collapse, roads crack, or bridges are damaged, those in the vicinity can suffer injuries ranging from minor to extensive, including permanent disability or death. Following a severe earthquake with extensive damage, entire communities can become homeless and emergency services can be stressed beyond capacity. Such devastation can have lasting effects on people's physical, emotional, and mental well-being.59 Earthquakes can have immediate and long-term impacts on health. Immediate heath impacts from earthquakes include trauma -related deaths and injuries from building collapse as well as trauma -related deaths and injuries from secondary effects, such as burns from fires. Long-term health effects from earthquakes can include such conditions as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and severe anxiety. Earthquakes strike quickly with no warning, and because of their unpredictable nature, it is normal for people to experience emotional distress. Common responses to such disasters include feelings of overwhelming anxiety, trouble sleeping, and other depression -like symptoms.60 59 Centers for Disease Control, 2024, "Earthquakes: Safety Guidelines: After an Earthquake -Mental Health and Wellbeing," Safety Guidelines: After an Earthquake I Earthquakes I CDC. 60 Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2024, "Earthquakes," https://www.samhsa.gov/find- help/disaster-distress-helpline/disaster-types/earthquakes. 78 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Showing Tarrant County, Texas for Caunty(s): Statistics for: Texas Population Households Below the Poverty Leve 10.3% Households WithoutVehi6 77,426 Tatal 4 . 4 32,897 Total Households w/Pop 65+ Living Alon 8.0% 60,195 Total Households with Disabilit Female Householder No Spouse' n % 2 1 1 V 6.1 % • 158,803 Total 45,958Total Male Householder No Spouse 1.3 % Households with Broadband Interne ds " 2.0% 9,856Tota1 694,681 Total *Householder, no spouse present, with own children ofthe householder under ACS 2018.20221 Sou . DP02, B 11007, 18 years Figure 43: 2022 Community Resilience Estimates, Tarrant County, 202261 Using statistics from the United States Census Bureau, the Community Resilience Estimate (CRE) for Equity indicates that 21 % of the population (158,803) of Tarrant County has a disability.62 The Resilience Analysis Planning Tool notes that 54,421 report a hearing disability, 40,545 report an independent living disability, 35,063 report a self -care disability, 98,788 report an ambulatory disability, 77,696 report a cognitive disability, and 41,254 report a vision disability.63 Development Trends Since the previous plan, Tarrant County has experienced no changes in development that have impacted hazard -prone areas' vulnerability to earthquake. Although there has been an increase in population in the county, the overall likelihood and potential impacts of earthquake remain low. 61 Community Resilience Estimates (CRE) for Equity, 2022, "Tarrant County Population Social Vulnerability Statistics," CRE for Equity (arcgis.com). 62 Ibid. s3 FEMA, Resilience Analysis Planning Tool, 2024, Resilience Analysis and Planning Tool (RAPT) (arcgis.com). 79 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Expansive Soils Expansive soils are soils that contain high percentages of swelling clays that may experience volume changes of up to 40% in the absence or presence of water. This type of plastic deformation is common in Tarrant County. Homes built on expanding smectite clays without due precautions will likely be structurally damaged as the clay takes up water. Cracks will appear in walls and floors. Damage can be minor, or it can be severe enough for the home to be structurally unsafe. Expansive soil is considered one of the most common causes of pavement distress in roadways. Depending on the moisture level, expansive soils will experience changes in volume due to moisture fluctuations from seasonal variations. Expansive soils may affect all of the Tarrant County planning area equally. Locatior, and Extent Expansive soils are common in Texas soil and can be documented only when they lead to structural or infrastructure damage. The great increase in damage in Texas caused from expansive soils can be traced to the rise in residential slab -on -grade construction, which began to accelerate in the 1960s. Prior to that time, most residential construction in Texas was pier and beam, with wood siding or other non - masonry coverings. Affected homes will be heavily influenced by their proximity to a large body of water, such as homes on Eagle Mountain Lake, whereas older pier and beam foundations will behave in an entirely different manner. Western and Central Tarrant County has several limestone formations (the Washita group) made up of limestone and shale that produce various clay -rich soils with rocky shallow soil horizons. Eastern Tarrant County is supported by Woodbine sandstone, a picturesque rolling topography dominated by sandy loams and clay -rich soils. These sandier soils allow for subsurface water movement and require special consideration. This propensity for water movement can easily compromise the foundations of homes in Tarrant County.64 Expansive soils, particularly after heavy rainfall followed by drought and then more heavy rain, can pose a significant risk to structures and infrastructure. The changes in soil can threaten the stability of buildings, water lines, and buried pipelines. The swelling pressure is a major threat to houses and one-story buildings, making it crucial for professionals and homeowners to be vigilant, understand the risks, and be prepared with effective mitigation strategies. Multi -story buildings can usually withstand the expansion of swelling clays unless the property is constructed on wet clay; damage could occur because of the shrinkage of the clay. The risk of expansive soils is measured by the degree to which they may shrink or swell. Linear extensibility is used to determine the shrink —swell potential of soils. The shrink —swell potential is low if the soil has a linear extensibility of less than 3%, moderate if 3-6%, high if 6-9%, and very high if more than 64 Fort Worth Foundation Repair. Perma Pier Foundation Repair of Texas. 2018. https://www.l)ermapier.com/service- areas/fort-worth-foundation-repair/. Me] TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 9%. If the linear extensibility is more than 3%, shrinking and swelling can damage buildings, roads, and other structures. Texas features the full range of expansive soil categories from low to very high." Frequency High Medium Low Limited Suurua Tavakak. E. (2016). Laboratory Evaluation of Tx-PROCHEPd as an Figure 44: Location and Frequency of Expansive Soils in Texas 65 Hazard Mitigation Plan Update, 2023. txdem.sharepoint.com/sites/TDEMWebsiteFiles/SharedDocuments/Forms/AlIItems.aspx?id=%2Fsites%2FTDEMWeb site Files%2FShared Documents%2FMitigation%2FState of Texas HMAP Update — 10%2E27%2E23%2Epdf&parent=%2Fsites%2FTDEMWebsiteFiles%2FShared Documents%2FMitigation&p=true&ga=1. 81 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Table 18: National Resources Conservation Service Soil Linear Extensibility Risk Categories Potential Linear D Clay % /o Category Extensibility a 31/6 ¢ 25% 3%-6°% 25%-35% 6%-9% 35%-45% a 9% a 45°% Previous Historical Occurrences Texas, including Tarrant County, is at risk of structural foundation issues. The American Society of Civil Engineers estimates that '/4 of all homes in the United States have some damage caused by expansive soils.66 However, there are limited sites or reports for past events, as most soil damage is found in residential structures and not reported as hazard events. Expansive soil damage is challenging to quantify on a statewide or local level. Probability of Future Events Since 2005, all structures have been required by the Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation to have a soil test conducted. Soil tests can determine the risk of soil expansion and address issues before a structure is built. Drainage water should also be evaluated to ensure that it does not drain toward but away from the structure. Older structures are more likely than new ones to experience a higher impact from expansive soil. It is likely that high -risk areas in Tarrant County will experience some expansive soil impacts in the next year. Impact of Climate Trends and Variations Climate change directly impacts drought conditions, which cause the ground to lose moisture and can lead to permanent sinking of the ground. According to the 2023 Global Climate Report, June —December were the hottest months on record, and in July, August, and September, global temperatures were month than 1.0°C (1.8°F) above the long-term average.67 Increases in drought will affect the frequency of damage from expansive soils. 66 Geoscience News and Information. Expansive Soil and Expansive City. Expansive Soil Causes Basement & Foundation Problems (geology.com) 67 Climate. Climate Change: Global Temperature. Climate Change: Global Temperature I NOAA Climate.gov. E-A TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Vulnerability Assessment Expansive soil can have an impact both locally and statewide. The risk to stability of buildings, especially older built structures, could be costly to owners of the structure. The dry soil could damage pipes beneath the ground, and cracks to foundations of homes and businesses. The cost of repairing damage can lead to an economic loss, especially if it is a business that has to close doors during repairs. ESTIMATED IMPACT AND POTENTIAL LOSSES Expansive soils are a condition that is native to Texas soil characteristics and cannot be documented as a time -specific event, except when it leads to structural and infrastructure damage. Damage from expansive soils is typically associated with droughts. There are no historical data available for expansive soil damage. IMPACT ON COUNTY ASSETS The impact of expansive soils ranges from cosmetic cracks in walls to substantial foundation and structural damage that can require that the building be demolished. Infrastructure, such as pipelines, can be damaged, causing increased maintenance and repairs, replacement, or damage to the point of failure. Sewer and water lines are also affected by shrink and swell soils. The movement of the soils can snap water and sewer lines, producing a minimum of temporary discomfort, and a maximum of a serious health and welfare risk. Development Trends Houses and one-story commercial buildings are more apt to be damaged by the expansion of swelling clays than are multi -story buildings, which are usually heavy enough to counter swelling pressures. However, if constructed on wet clay, multi -story buildings may be damaged by clay shrinkage when moisture levels are substantially reduced. While all infrastructure is vulnerable, slab -on -grade structures are most likely to be damaged by expansive soils. In addition, older structures built to less stringent building codes may be more susceptible to damage than new construction. Bridges, highways, streets, and parking lots are especially vulnerable when they are constructed when clays are dry, such as during a drought, and then subsequent soaking rains swell the clay.68 COMMUNITY LIFELINES Lifelines are the most fundamental services in the community that, when stabilized, enable all other aspects of society to function. Community lifelines are essential for the well-being of any community. They provide support and assistance to individuals who require help, especially during times of crisis. FEMA community lifelines are a critical component of emergency management in the United States. Given the 68 Hazard Mitigation Plan Update, 2023. txdem.sharepoint.com/sites/TDEMWebsiteFiles/Shared Documents/Forms/AII Items.aspx?id=%2Fsites%2FTDEMWebsiteFiles%2FShared Documents%2FMitigation%2FState of Texas HMAP Update — 10%2E27%2E23%2Epdf&parent=%2Fsites%2FTDEMWebsiteFiles%2FShared Documents%2FMitigation&p=true&qa=1. 83 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN impacts of expansive soils, the lifeline most likely to be impacted will be water systems due to the impact that the movement of soils can have on water and sewer lines (Figure 45). Water Systems Figure 45: Water Systems Community Lifeline VULNERABLE POPULATIONS All Tarrant County populations, agriculture, property, and the environment are vulnerable to expansive soils. Although expansive soils are not known to affect human health, they are a widespread cause of property damage, ranging from jammed doors and windows to warped flooring, ruptured foundations, cracked swimming pools, buckled roads, and severed utility lines. Wetting and drying cycles and the resulting expansions and contractions cause repetitive stress. Standard homeowner's insurance does not cover damage from expansive/compressive soils or frost heave.69 "Virginia Department of Energy. Virginia Energy — Geology and Mineral Resources — Expansive Soils. 84 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Extreme Heat Extreme heat encompasses both very high temperatures and exceptionally humid conditions. When extreme heat persists for several days, it is termed a "heat wave." Extreme heat can also significantly worsen drought conditions because high temperatures accelerate evaporation. If vulnerable populations, such as the elderly and the very young, are exposed to high temperatures for an extended period, it can lead to heat stroke and even death. Extreme heat may affect the entire Tarrant County planning area equally. Lunation and Extent Although there have been recorded instances of fatalities due to extreme heat at specific locations in the county, it is important to note that the risk is not limited to a particular geographic area. Extreme heat is a potential danger across the entire Tarrant County planning area, encompassing all participating jurisdictions. It is crucial to be aware of this risk and take necessary precautions regardless of your location in the county. The intensity of an extreme heat event is measured using the "Heat Index," which combines high temperatures and humidity levels to indicate how hot it feels outside. The Heat Index Chart in Figure 46 shows different levels of caution recommended for various combinations of temperature and relative humidity. For instance, it indicates that when the temperature is 90°F or lower, caution is recommended when the humidity level reaches or exceeds 40%. This information is vital for individuals to understand the potential heat -related risks based on these factors. Table 19 uses shaded zones to represent various symptoms or disorders that may arise based on the magnitude or intensity of the event. These zones indicate potential health repercussions associated with specific Heat Index levels. The NWS uses Table 20 to determine and issue alerts corresponding to different Heat Index values. 85 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN N S Heat Index Temperature (F) 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100 102 104 106 108 110 40 80 81 83 85 88 91 94 97 101 105 109 114 119 124 45 80 82 64 87 89 93 96 10D 104 109 114 119 124 50 81 83 85 88 91 95 99 103 108 113 118 124 55 61 84 86 89 93 97 101 105 112 117 124 60 82 84 88 91 95 100 105 110 116 123 E 65 82 85 89 93 98 103 108 114 121 = 70 83 86 90 95 100 105 112 119 > 75 84 88 92 97 103 109 116 124 e 80 84 89 94 100 106 113 121 85 85 0 96 102 110 117 90 86 91 98 105 113 122 95 86 93 100 108 117 1DD 87 95 103 112 121 Likelihood of Heat Disorders vAth Prolonged Exposure or Strenuous Activity ❑ Caution ❑ Extreme Caution E Danger E Extreme Danger Figure 46: Heat Index Chart70 Table 19: Heat Classifications71 Caution 80'F - 90-F Fatigue possible with prolonged exposure and/or physical activity Extreme 90°F - Heat stroke, heat cramps, or heat exhaustion possible with Caution 103°F prolonged exposure and/or physical activity Danger 103°F - Heat cramps or heat exhaustion likely, and heatstroke possible with 124°F prolonged exposure and/or physical activity Extreme 12 Heat stroke highly likely Danger In Table 20: Heat Index and Warnings CategoryPossible Extreme 125°F and Heat stroke or sunstroke is likely. A heat advisory will be issued Danger higher to warn that the Heat Index may exceed 105°F. Danger 103°F-124°F Sunstroke, muscle cramps, and/or heat exhaustion are likely. Heatstroke is possible with prolonged exposure and/or physical activity. Extreme 90°F-103°F Prolonged exposure and/or An Excessive Heat Warning is Caution physical activity can cause issued if the Heat Index sunstroke, muscle cramps, and/or remains above 105°F during heat exhaustion. 70 National Weather Service, "What Is the Heat Index," https://www.weather.gov/ama/heatindex. 71 Ibid. 09 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Category Heat Index Possible Heat Disorders Warning Type I Caution 80'F-90'F Fatigue is possible with prolonged the day, or 80°F at night, for at exposure and/or physical activity. least three hours. Previous Historical Occurrences From January 1, 2020, to September 16, 2024, 12 excessive heat events were reported in Tarrant County, resulting in 16 deaths. No non -fatal injuries, property damage, or crop damage were recorded.7273 Table 21: Historical Periods of Extreme Heat, Tarrant County, 2020-2023 Location Tarrant (Zone) Date 08/13/2020 Deaths 0 Injuries 0 Property Damage $O.00K Crop Damage $O.00K Tarrant (Zone) 08/28/2020 0 0 $O.00K $O.00K Tarrant (Zone) 06/12/2022 0 0 $O.00K $O.00K Tarrant (Zone) 07/07/2022 0 0 $O.00K $O.00K Tarrant (Zone) 07/17/2022 0 0 $O.00K $O.00K Tarrant (Zone) 06/19/2023 0 0 $O.00K $O.00K Tarrant (Zone) 06/26/2023 0 0 $O.00K $O.00K Tarrant (Zone) 07/12/2023 1 0 $O.00K $O.00K Tarrant (Zone) 07/17/2023 1 0 $O.00K $O.00K Tarrant (Zone) 08/01/2023 11 0 $O.00K $O.00K Tarrant (Zone) 08/17/2023 3 0 $O.00K $O.00K Tarrant (Zone) 09/07/2023 0 0 $O.00K $O.00K Totals: 16 0 $O.00K $O.00K Probability of Future Events The average high temperatures for the planning area during the summer months suggest a high likelihood of at least one extreme temperature event occurring yearly; this frequency indicates a strong probability of such events. According to the Texas State Hazard Mitigation Plan (SHMP), the likelihood of 73 National Center for Environmental Information, "Storm Event Database," https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/Iistevents.isp?eventTvpe=%28Z%29+Excessive+Heat&beginDate mm=01& beginDate dd=01&beginDate vvvv=2020&endDate mm=09&endDate dd=16&endDate vvvv=2024&countv=TARR ANT%3A439&hailfilter=0.00&tornfilter=0&windfilter=000&sort=DT&submitbutton=Search&statefips=48%2CTEXAS. 87 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN extreme temperature events is considered high, with at least one event expected to occur in a 25-year timeframe. The impacts of extreme heat are also evaluated as high, meaning that 25% or more of the population is exposed to a hazard. Impact of Climate Trends and Variation Climate projections indicate temperatures will increase. Figure 47 shows the number of summer days with a daily max heat index above 105 degrees by mid-century, according to climate models in the ClimRR Local Climate Projection tool.74 74 ClimRR Heat Index Map Explorer. https://climrr.anI.gov/mapexi)lorer. W., TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 1 SM 111,W64-1 MENEM MENEM MEMEM Ed, SEEM ■■■■■■MENEM IMMINE �e-A IMMEEMEM lar7r, ME i !� ,. t� Legend Numberofdays ! over 105' Mid -Century 0:0. days ,20 days [:I Tarrant County 40-50 days (��IEMAEO Tarrant County 50-60 days Figure 47: Number of Days over 105°F by Mid -Century Figure 48 shows how many days per year, on average, the temperature for a given location is expected to exceed 100°F by the end of this century if greenhouse gas emissions continue to increase. Based on this information, parts of Texas that experienced 10-20 days of temperatures above 100°F in recent decades may experience more than 100 days over 100°F by the end of the century. This includes Tarrant County. E�] TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Number of Days <10 20 30 45 60 75 90 105 >120 Figure 48: Average Number of Days Annually Expected to Exceed 100°F by the End of the Century75 Extreme heat can be exacerbated by urban heat islands, which are areas within cities where surface temperatures are hotter than average for the city as a whole. In cities, a high percentage of area is covered by materials that absorb a significant proportion of solar energy which is then released as heat. Cities can exhibit temperatures several degrees higher than rural surroundings. This heat often reaches its highest intensity during the afternoon. The heat is released slowly and can continue into the night when rural areas have already cooled down. There is a direct relationship between heat intensity peaks and heat -related illness.76 Extreme heat exacerbated by urban heat islands can contribute to increased heat -illness and increased demand on energy infrastructure for cooling. The deeper red values in Figure 49 indicates areas of higher relative heat severity. 75 Climate.gov. 100* Days, Past and Future. https://www.climate.gov/news-features/featured-images/100%C2%BO- days-past-and-future. 76 Urban Heat Islands. https://www.urbanheatislands.com/home. 101 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN I I I I I I I ry Par I IF.. . a a lt J...� -...a Figure 49: Urban Heat Island Severity, Tarrant County Region, 2022" Vulnerability Assessment It is important to note that extreme heat events do not have a defined geographic boundary. Although the entire Tarrant County planning area and all participating jurisdictions are susceptible to extreme temperatures, the current buildings, infrastructure, and critical facilities are not expected to suffer significant damage. As a result, any estimated property losses related to the extreme heat hazard are predicted to be minimal across the area. The most noteworthy impacts of extreme heat are heat -related illnesses. It is worth noting that elderly individuals are more susceptible to serious consequences from extreme heat because their bodies have more difficulty regulating temperature, coupled with potential underlying respiratory or pulmonary health conditions. Other vulnerable groups include young children, outdoor athletes, outdoor workers, and populations without permanent housing. " The Trust for Public Land, Heat Severity — USA 2022. https://www.arcgis. com/home/item. html?id=22be6dafba754c778bd0aba39dfcOb78. 91 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Extended periods of extreme heat may place additional demands on energy infrastructure as air- conditioning systems are used more frequently. Although not currently reported in Tarrant County, instances of brownouts and blackouts have been recorded in some areas during periods of elevated energy use. Power outages during an extreme heat event could make it more challenging for individuals to find relief from high temperatures and thus increase the risk of heat -related illnesses for more people. ESTIMAT -D IMPACT AND ry TENTIAL LUJJC.b Expected loss values related to extreme heat for Tarrant County, and its jurisdictions provide crucial information about the potential monetary impact of extreme heat events over a year. By estimating the Expected Annual Loss from extreme heat, authorities can gain insights into the financial risks associated with heat -related challenges, such as infrastructure damage, population loss, and lost agricultural productivity. Extreme heat can cause problems like cracked foundations, warped roofs, and wilted crops that could inflict significant damage on buildings and agriculture in Tarrant County. Table 22 shows the find expected loss values from heat waves/extreme heat for Tarrant County. Table 22: Expected Loss Values, Tarrant County Table 23 shows expected loss values from extreme heat for locations in Tarrant County. Table 23: Expected Loss Values in Tarrant County by Jurisdiction Jurisdiction Arlington Building Value $0 Population Equivalence $97,765 Population 0.01 Agriculture Value $0 Total $97,765 Azle $0 $30,710 0.01 $0 $62,710 Bedford $0 $65,309 0.01 $0 $65,309 Benbrook $0 $76,746 0.01 $0 $76,746 Blue Mound $1 $162,849 0.01 $0 $162,850 Colleyville $1 $142,852 0.01 $0 $142,853 Crowley $0 $114,850 0.01 $0 $114,851 Dalworthington Gardens $0 $43,805 0.00 $0 $43,806 Edgecliff Village $0 $65,639 0.01 $0 $65,639 Euless $0 $112,771 0.01 $0 $112,771 Everman $0 $106,637 0.01 $0 $106,637 Forest Hill $0 $73,436 0.01 $0 $73,436 0 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Jurisdiction Fort Worth Building Value $2 Population Equivalence $109,704 Population 0.01 Agriculture Value $0 Total $109,706 Grapevine $1 $86,692 0.01 $0 $86,693 Haltom City $0 $80,731 0.01 $0 $80,731 Haslet $0 $84,526 0.01 $0 $84,527 Hurst $0 $101,386 0.01 $0 $101,387 Keller $0 $57,206 0.00 $0 $57,027 Kennedale $0 $47,080 0.00 $0 $47,081 Lake Worth $1 $81,424 0.01 $0 $81,425 Mansfield $0 $75,550 0.01 $0 $75,550 North Richland Hills $0 $65,604 0.01 $0 $65,604 Richland Hills $0 $74,805 0.01 $0 $74,805 River Oaks $0 $132,490 0.01 $0 $132,490 Saginaw $0 $117,397 0.01 $0 $117,398 Watauga $0 $83,313 0.01 $0 $83,313 Westworth Village $0 $44,793 0.00 $0 $44,793 Dallas -Fort Worth International Airport $1 $243 0.00 $0 $243 North Central Texas Council of Governments $1 $38,485 0.00 $0 $38,486 Lakeside $1 $126,044 0.01 $0 $126,045 Westlake $20 $32,959 0.00 $0 $32,979 University of North Texas Health and Science $0 $54,739 0.00 $0 $54,739 University of Arlington $2 $99,307 0.01 $0 $99,309 A substantial heat event in Tarrant County could significantly impact the community. The population may experience health issues due to the extreme heat, especially among vulnerable groups such as the elderly and young children. Agriculture may suffer from crop damage and loss of livestock due to heat stress, while productivity could decrease as workers struggle to perform outdoor tasks in high temperatures. Infrastructure, such as roads and buildings, also may be affected, with the potential for heat -related damage and strain on utilities like power grids and water supplies. 93 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Development Trends Tarrant County has seen significant development trends recently, particularly in urban areas like Fort Worth and Arlington. These trends include increased commercial and residential construction and infrastructure improvements to accommodate the growing population. However, this growth in Tarrant County development could be significantly impacted by extreme heat, which can increase worker safety concerns and cause construction delays. In addition, extreme heat can strain existing infrastructure, such as power grids and water supply systems, as they struggle to meet the heightened demand for cooling and water during heat waves. Furthermore, extreme heat can affect the demand for certain types of development. For example, in addition to driving up demand for residential properties with adequate cooling systems and access to shade, prolonged periods of high temperatures may also increase the need for public spaces with effective heat mitigation strategies, such as cooling stations and parks with ample tree cover. In response to these challenges, developers and local authorities in Tarrant County are increasingly considering climate -resilient design and construction practices to mitigate the impact of extreme heat on development projects. This may include using heat -resistant building materials, incorporating sustainable landscaping to provide shade that reduces the urban heat island effect, and implementing energy -efficient cooling systems to minimize the strain on local utilities during heat waves. Overall, although development trends in Tarrant County continue to show growth and expansion, stakeholders should consider the potential effects of extreme heat and implement strategies to ensure sustainable, resilient development in the face of ongoing climate challenges. IMPACT ON COUNTY ASSETS Extreme heat affects all FEMA Community Lifelines. It threatens public safety, strains emergency response systems, and can lead to heat -related illnesses and fatalities. High temperatures disrupt the food supply chain, impact water availability, and can exacerbate preexisting health conditions. In addition, extreme heat strains energy infrastructure, affects transportation, and compromises the integrity of hazardous materials. Electricity -reliant communications systems are also at risk of disruption due to overheating and power outages. 94 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN M 11:602010 A I ©B Safety and Food, Hydration, Health ana Energy Security Sheller Mediral (Power&Fuel) v w Transportation Vulnerability Score v � Hazardous Water Materials fvmaunicalions Systems Figure 50: FEMA Community Lifelines The NRI evaluates a nation's vulnerability by considering factors such as exposure to natural hazards, susceptibility of the population and infrastructure to those hazards, and its ability to withstand and rebound from their effects. The NRI helps identify areas with higher vulnerability scores, which indicate a more significant risk and potential for damage and loss during natural disasters. It can also highlight where additional resources may be needed to improve resilience and reduce vulnerability to natural disasters. NRI data indicates an overall risk index score of 98.8 for Tarrant County, signifying a high level of risk. The annual loss score of 98.8 points to a substantial potential for financial loss because of natural disasters. Tarrant County's social vulnerability score of 74.8 suggests that it may encounter difficulties recovering from natural disasters. This could result from poverty, inadequate access to healthcare, and limited infrastructure. However, the community resilience score of 26.3 indicates that it may struggle to recover effectively from a natural hazard. It suggests that the county might have limited resources, infrastructure, and capacity to withstand and bounce back from the impacts of a natural disaster. This could result in prolonged recovery times, increased vulnerability, and difficulty restoring normalcy after the event. In conclusion, communities with a high risk index, high expected annual loss, high social vulnerability, and low community resilience are particularly susceptible to the devastating outcomes of hazardous events. When such events occur, these communities will likely experience severe damage to infrastructure, homes, and public services, leading to a significant economic impact. Tarrant County's high social vulnerability means that its residents may struggle to cope with the aftermath, facing challenges, such as limited access to healthcare, resources, and support systems. In addition, low community resilience may hinder the county's ability to recover and rebuild, prolonging the community's recovery process and exacerbating the long-term social and economic impacts. 95 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Risk Index is Relatively High Expected Annual Loss is Relatively High Social Vulnerability is Relatively High Community Resilience is Relatively Low Score 98.8 0 100 Score 98.8 0 100 Score 74.8 0 100 Score 26.3 0 100 Figure 51: Risk Ratings for Extreme Heat, Tarrant County The risk overview includes expected annual loss, social vulnerability, and community resilience. The table provides the heat wave risk rating and overall risk from the FEMA National Risk Index website and compares them to the overall risk rating for the state of Texas. Table 24: Heat Wave Index Score, Tarrant County Table 25: Heat Wave Risk Factor Breakdown Based on NRI data, Tarrant County's heat wave risk of 99.7% is considered relatively high, meaning there is a high likelihood of heat wave events occurring in the county. People and communities can face several risk factors during heat waves. For individuals, heat waves can lead to heat exhaustion, heatstroke, and dehydration, especially among the elderly, young children, and those with preexisting health conditions. In addition, heat waves can exacerbate respiratory problems and cardiovascular issues. On a community level, heat waves can strain healthcare systems, increase energy demands for cooling, and potentially lead to power outages. Agricultural productivity may also be affected, leading to food and water shortages. Furthermore, heat waves can impact infrastructure, such as roads and railways, due to the expansion of materials under high temperatures. .; TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Therefore, it is important that communities take measures to mitigate the risks from heat waves. These may include establishing cooling centers in public buildings to provide relief for those without access to air-conditioning, implementing urban planning strategies that incorporate more green spaces and shade to reduce the urban heat island effect, and providing education and outreach to vulnerable populations about the risks of heat waves and how to stay safe during extreme heat events. Other crucial steps to mitigate the impact of heat waves on communities include developing early warning systems and heat action plans to coordinate emergency response efforts, improving building codes to require better insulation and reflective roofing, and encouraging community members to check on neighbors (particularly the elderly or those with health conditions) during heat waves. VULNERABLE POPULATIONS Tarrant County is home to various vulnerable populations who are at higher risk during periods of excessive heat. These vulnerable groups include the elderly, individuals with chronic medical conditions, young children, individuals with mental or physical disabilities, and those who are economically disadvantaged and may not have access to cooling resources. Elderly individuals often have a diminished ability to perceive and respond to changes in temperature, putting them at a higher risk of heat -related illnesses. Similarly, people with chronic medical conditions, such as heart disease, obesity, or respiratory illnesses, may be more susceptible to heat stress. Young children also are susceptible to heat -related illnesses because their bodies are less effective at regulating temperature. Individuals with mental or physical disabilities may have limited mobility or may not be able to communicate their discomfort, increasing their vulnerability to extreme heat. In addition, economically disadvantaged individuals may not have access to air-conditioning or may be unable to afford cooling resources, increasing their susceptibility to heat -related illnesses. 97 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Flooding Flooding is defined as the accumulation of water in a water body and the overflow of excess water onto adjacent floodplain lands. A floodplain is the land adjoining the channel of a river, stream, ocean, lake, or other watercourse or water body that is susceptible to flooding. Floods are commonly described in terms of the likelihood that a given area will be inundated. Thus, a I00-year flood" means there is a one percent chance that the area will be flooded in a given year, and a "500-year flood" means there is a one- half percent chance the area will be flooded. Lunation and Extent Common flooding hazards in the planning area include areas of flash flooding and new development. Floodwater can disguise many dangerous obstacles, like uncovered utility holes or debris that can cause falls and injuries. Standing water (i.e., water that isn't flowing) can also become a breeding ground for insects that can make people very ill. Another risk is posed by downed power lines, which may still be live. Figure 52 shows the floodway and 100-year floodplain along the rivers and creeks in Tarrant County. 91 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN r"• Haslet_ r E 1ZIe Sagi`aw 'Blue Mound Lakeside Lake Worth `] , `Keller 4 Grapevine r J Colleyville ,North �+•^� R1 ichland Euless Bedford } Hurst �nrver varcs R z n Village s Q / \ Fort Worth Benbrook -, cliff Forest Edge /Viillage Hill Kenner Eve man h� Crowley Legend Flood Plain Zane 100 Year Floodplain 500 Year Floodplain Area with reduced risk due to Levee 100 and 500 Year Floodplain I©IEM GEO Tarrant County Arlington N A 0 2 5 :r � Mi y / S..— FEMA, 2024 Figure 52: Tarrant County Floodway and 100-Year Floodplain A flash flood is a rapid flood that inundates low-lying areas in less than six hours. This is caused by intense rainfall from one or more thunderstorms. Flash floods can also occur from the collapse of a human -made structure or ice dam. Construction and development can change the natural drainage and create entirely new flood risks as the concrete that comes with new buildings, parking lots, and roads create less land that can absorb excess precipitation from heavy rains. Flash floods are a high -risk hazard because they can tear out trees and destroy buildings and bridges. Figure 53 shows the low-water crossings in Tarrant County as of 2012, which are identified by yellow circles. A low-water crossing provides a bridge or overpass when water flow is low. Under high -flow conditions, water runs over the roadway and impedes vehicular traffic. Texas leads the nation in flash TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN flood deaths, most of which are due to people crossing these low areas in times of flooding. Additional details on flooding are provided in the jurisdictional annexes. e=a Haslet Q — • • • [� Southlake • 411)9) Keller • Grapevine • oq • V ED Azle ❑ 2� • • • Colleyville Saginaw Watau a • g North U • • IBlue Richland • Mound Bedford Euless Haltom • Hurst p �p CLakeside� Lake W ••� »� City Richland p v C� • •` �� ••� �Fiills �•i•1 • 4P eki River Oaks • •» 01 Westwdrth� Fort Worth • • �•• C • �>»>• Villages • • p • • • G • Arlington •JJ •• • • • • Padme •i r� • • �• 0060,)) • ••N� Dalworthiington a • �. • • ��l), 4rG`ardens ••• •• Benbrook Edgecliff Forest • • • • Villages Hill • • • • Kennedale • • Everman 0� • • • • •, • • • i • • Crowley Mansfield A• •) • • Legend LWC Type • Bridge • Vented Ford ©IEM GEO Low Water Crossings Tarrant County �'�COUNj'•.. r-53' ��y •: / 0 2.5 J 'ti Figure 53: Low -Water Crossings in Tarrant County, 201278 Texas has 15 major river basins and 8 coastal basins, each with varying hydrological regimes and water supply capabilities. Each of the basins has several unique features, both climatic (such as precipitation and evaporation), as well as physiographic (geology, slope, soil type, vegetation and land use practices) which contribute to the nature of runoff from the basins. The West Fork Trinity River is the only major river in Tarrant County, and it can affect some of the participating jurisdictions. The Trinity River has four 'B Source: Texas Low Water Crossing Inventory_032312. 100 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN branches: West Fork, Clear Fork, Elm Fork, and East Fork. The Trinity is a slow, meandering river with many twists and turns from its headwaters to its mouth. Dams have been erected to create Lake Bridgeport, Eagle Mountain Lake, and Lake Worth, the latter two being in or near Fort Worth. The West Fork of the Trinity River has its headwaters in Archer County. From there it flows southeast, through human -made reservoirs Lake Bridgeport and Eagle Mountain Lake, before flowing eastward through Lake Worth and then the city of Fort Worth. Figure 54: Major River Basins of Texas Table 26: Features of Major River Basins in Tarrant County 101 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 0 Figure 55: Trinity River Watershed and the Location of Tarrant County Tarrant County has a few major lakes that are used for surface water and recreation. Their current water levels are listed in Table 27. 102 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Table 27: Conditions of Lakes in Tarrant County, September79 Percent Water Height Reservoir Conservation Conservation Surface Full Level (feet) AboveReservoir Conser- vation ..e (acre- feet) Storage (acre-feet) Capacity (acre-feet) (acres) Arlington 72.1 543.98 -6.02 29,001 28,969 40,157 1,800 Benbrook 88.2 691.14 -2.86 75,575 75,575 85,648 3,393 Cedar 92.5 320.48 -1.52 596,328 596,229 644,686 31,118 Creek Eagle 78.0 644.33 -4.77 144,414 144,414 185,087 7,907 Mountain Grapevine 98.2 534.55 -0.45 160,120 160,120 163,064 6,483 Richland— 97.9 314.47 -0.53 1,102,059 1,076,276 1,099,417 43,451 Chambers Worth 65.3 591.41 -2.59 25,025 15,949 24,419 3,088 Based on previous flood events, the worst -case scenarios are based on several types of flooding events. Storm water excesses and riverine flooding primarily affect low-lying areas of the county, and flood depths of up to five feet can be expected in the unincorporated areas of the county and in the areas of Arlington, Azle, Colleyville, Edgecliff Village, Southlake, Watagua, and Westworth Village. The areas of Bedford, Crowley, Eules, and Mansfield can expect flood depths of three to five feet while the areas of Benbrook, Everman, and Lake Worth can expect flood depths of two to five feet. Flood depths of up to four feet can be expected in the areas of Fort Worth, Grapevine, Haltom City, Lakeside, North Richland Hills, Richland Hills, White Settlement, and the University of North Texas Health Science Center. The areas of Haslet, Hurst, Keller, Kennedale, River Oaks, Saginaw, and Westlake can expect flood depths of one to three feet. Previous Historical Occurrences Historical evidence indicates that areas within the planning area, including all participating jurisdictions, are susceptible to flooding, especially in the form of flash flooding. It is important to note that only flood events that have been reported have been factored into this risk assessment. Therefore, it is likely that additional flood occurrences have gone unreported before and during the recording period. Table 28 identifies historical flood events that resulted in damages, injuries, or fatalities within the Tarrant County planning area, including all participating jurisdictions. Historical data is provided by the Storm Events Database (NOAA), NCEI database for Tarrant County. In total, 40 flood and flash flood events were 79 Water Data for Texas, September 3, 2024, "Recent Conditions of Reservoirs," Water Data For Texas 103 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN reported between January 1, 2019, and July 1, 2024. Only recorded events with fatalities, injuries, and/or damages are listed. Table 28: Historical Flood Events, 2019-2024 Location Meacham Airport Fort Worth Date 10/25/2023 Event Type Flash Flood Deaths 0 Injuries 0 Property.. Damage $50,000 Damage $0 Azle 08/22/2022 Flash Flood 0 0 $0 $0 Eagle Mountain 05/18/2019 Flash Flood 0 0 $0 $0 Everman 1/10/2020 Flash Flood 0 0 $7,000 $0 Everman 06/20/2020 Flood 0 0 $25,000 $0 Fort Worth 05/01/2019 Flash Flood 0 0 $0 $0 Fort Worth 05/08/2019 Flash Flood 0 0 $0 $20,000 Fort Worth 05/18/2019 Flash Flood 0 0 $20,000 $0 Fort Worth 01/16/2020 Flash Flood 0 0 $10,000 $0 Fort Worth 08/21/2022 Flash Flood 0 0 $0 $0 Fort Worth 08/21 /2022 Flash Flood 0 0 $0 $0 Fort Worth 08/22/2022 Flood 0 0 $0 $0 Fort Worth 10/25/2023 Flash Flood 0 0 $50,000 $0 Fort Worth 10/25/2023 Flash Flood 0 0 $0 $0 Fort Worth Blue Mound Airport 05/16/2020 Flash Flood 0 0 $0 $0 Fort Worth Saginaw Airport 08/22/2022 Flash Flood 0 0 $0 $0 Handley 01/16/2020 Flash Flood 0 0 $10,000 $0 Handley 01/16/2020 Flash Flood 0 0 $10,000 $0 Haslet 05/18/2019 Flash Flood 0 0 $0 $0 Hicks 05/18/2019 Flash Flood 0 0 $0 $0 Jamestown 06/01/2019 Flash Flood 0 0 $20,000 $0 Jamestown 06/03/2022 Flash Flood 0 0 $100,000 $0 Johnsons Station 06/07/2021 Flood 0 0 $0 $0 Keller 06/07/2021 Flood 0 0 $0 $0 Keller 08/22/2022 Flood 0 0 $0 $0 Keller 10/26/2023 Flash Flood 0 0 $50,000 $0 Keller 03/07/2024 Flash Flood 0 0 $0 $0 Keller 04/20/2024 Flood 0 0 $0 $0 104 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Location Keller Alta Vista Airport Date 05/16/2020 Event Type Flash Flood Deaths 0 Injuries 0 Property•• Damage $0 Damage $0 Lake Worth 08/22/2022 Flash Flood 0 0 $0 $0 Mara 01/16/2020 Flash Flood 0 0 $10,000 $0 North Richland Hills 08/22/2022 Flash Flood 0 0 $0 $0 North Richland Hills 08/22/2022 Flash Flood 0 0 $150,000 $0 North Richland Hills 10/26/2023 Flash Flood 0 0 $20,000 $0 Pleasant Glade 10/26/2023 Flood 0 0 $10,000 $0 Polytechnic 01/16/2020 Flash Flood 0 0 $10,000 $0 Richland Hills 06/03/2022 Flash Flood 0 0 $50,000 $0 Smithfield 10/26/2023 Flood 0 0 $50,000 $0 Southlake 06/07/2021 Flood 0 0 $0 $0 Webb 06/03/2022 Flood 1 0 $10,000 $0 Probability of Future Events According to the "Flooding is one of the deadliest natural disasters that occurs in the U.S. each year, and it poses a constant and significant threat to the health and safety of the citizens of Texas.1180 Based on recorded historical occurrences and extent within the Tarrant County planning area, including all participating jurisdictions, flooding is highly likely, and an event will likely occur within the next year. Over time, extreme rainfall has become more frequent and severe and is expected to continue to increase. For a predominantly urban area like Tarrant County, this likely will result in increased urban flooding. Impact on Climate Trends and Variations Flooding in Tarrant County, Texas, is heavily influenced by climate trends and variations, with increasing risks linked to changes in precipitation patterns and extreme weather events. The region's semi -arid climate, combined with urbanization, often leads to flash flooding, particularly during intense storms. Climate change is expected to exacerbate these trends, with more frequent and severe rainfall events leading to overwhelmed drainage systems, swollen rivers, and runoff from impermeable surfaces. Seasonal variations, such as heavy rainfall in spring and fall, heighten the risk of both localized flooding and riverine flooding, impacting residential areas, infrastructure, and critical assets. As these climate trends evolve, Tarrant County anticipates heightened flood risks to the communities. 80 2023 Texas State Hazard Mitigation Plan, TDEM, https://txdem.shareaoi nt.com/sites/TDEM WebsiteFiles/Shared%2ODocuments/Forms/AlI Items.aspx?id=%2Fsites%2F TDEM WebsiteFiles%2FShared%20Documents%2FM itigation%2FState%20of%20Texas%20HMAP%20Update%20 %2D%2010%2E27%2E23%2EDdf&parent=%2Fsites%2FTDEMWebsiteFiles%2FShared%20Documents%2FMitiaati on&p=true&qa=1 105 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Vulnerability Assessment The flood hazard areas throughout the planning area are subject to periodic inundation, which may result in loss of life and property, health and safety hazards, disruption of commerce and governmental services, and extraordinary public expenditures for flood protection and relief, of which adversely affect public safety. Further, debris would present a threat to public safety and debris removal would drain local resources and be an economic detriment to the area. A property's vulnerability to a flood depends on its location and proximity to the floodplain. Structures that lie along banks of a waterway are the most vulnerable and are often repetitive loss structures. These flood losses are created by the cumulative effect of obstructions in floodplains which cause an increase in flood heights and velocities, and by the occupancy of flood hazard areas by uses vulnerable to floods and hazardous to other lands because they are inadequately elevated, flood -proofed or otherwise protected from flood damage. Development Trends All future development within the floodplain may be considered at risk. An increase in population will likely increase the number of buildings and infrastructure. New development in unincorporated areas could potentially occur in areas prone to flooding and increase vulnerabilities and potential losses; however, most land use regulations require the consideration of flooding during the development process. COMMUNITY LIFELINES Lifelines are the most fundamental services in the community that, when stabilized, enable all other aspects of society to function. Community lifelines are essential for the well-being of any community. They provide support and assistance to individuals who require help, especially during times of crisis. FEMA Community Lifelines are a critical component of emergency management in the United States. These lifelines are designed to address the essential needs of a community during and after a disaster. There are eight lifelines, each with its own focus and purpose (see Figure 56). 106 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN S of sty and Fvcd, Hydration, io �l th an c Encrgy Secun!v Shelter Mecica f13CWerB FAI) rr w ' ej-) iM1�aterleiispartatlon M 9 Sy,lem Figure 56: FEMA Community Lifelines" Flooding can significantly disrupt FEMA community lifelines in Tarrant County, Texas, affecting key services and infrastructure essential for public safety and recovery. Transportation networks may be severely impacted, with roads, bridges, and railways becoming impassable, hindering emergency response and evacuations. The energy grid could suffer damage to power lines or substations, resulting in widespread outages. Floodwaters may contaminate water supplies and disrupt wastewater systems, leading to public health risks. Additionally, healthcare facilities may experience operational challenges, compromising medical services. Disruption of these lifelines exacerbates the community's vulnerability, requiring a coordinated emergency response and swift recovery efforts. Participation in the National Flood Insurance Program As a participating member in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), Tarrant County is required to regulate any development in designated flood prone areas. All work in a FEMA-designated floodplain requires a floodplain permit. The floodplain permit is free; however, it may require additional information indicating that adjacent property owners will not be adversely impacted due to the development. Additional information may include, but is not limited to, an elevation certificate, a flood study, a topographical survey of before and after conditions, Conditional Letter of Map Revision (CLOMR), Letter of Map Revision (LOMR), and Letter of Map Amendment (LOMA). A property owner is required to obtain a floodplain permit prior to performing any type of work in the floodplain, including the placement of fill. The finished floor elevation of new homes constructed in a floodplain must be located at least one foot above the base flood elevation. Prior to the submittal of any documents to FEMA, the county Floodplain Administrator will review the documents to ensure their compliance with the county's floodplain regulations $' Federal Emergency Management Agency. "Community Lifelines Implementation Toolkit 2.0." https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-05/CommunityLifelinesToolkit2.0v2. pdf. 107 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN A permit will be issued only after it is determined that the proposed work will not have an adverse impact on adjacent property owners, will not decrease the flood -carrying capacity of the watercourse, and will not create a situation that is dangerous during flooding events. As growth and development occur, more property becomes exposed. In fact, due to the rapid development in the area, the planners have encountered difficulties in determining building footprints in the floodplain and are working to accurately identify the number and types of buildings vulnerable to flooding. Among the NFIP's policyholders are thousands of residents whose properties have been flooded multiple times. Called "repetitive loss properties," these are buildings and/or contents for which the NFIP has paid at least two claims of more than $1,000 in any 10-year period since 1978. "Severe repetitive loss properties" are those for which the program has made either (1) at least four payments for buildings and/or contents of more than $5,000 or (2) at least two building -only payments that exceeded the value of the property. These two kinds of properties are the biggest draw on the NFIP Fund. They not only increase the NFIP's annual losses and the need for borrowing; they also drain funds needed to prepare for catastrophic events. Community leaders and residents are also concerned about the repetitive loss problem because residents' lives are disrupted and may be threatened by the continual flooding. The primary objective of identifying these properties is to eliminate or reduce the damage to property and the disruption to life caused by repeated flooding of the same properties. Table 29 presents the statistics for repetitive loss properties in participating jurisdictions. In summary, more than $50 million has been paid to the jurisdictions for approximately 2,990 losses. Table 29: Overview of Repetitive Loss Properties in Tarrant County by Jurisdiction82 Jurisdiction Arlington Total Losses 956 Closed Losses 737 Open Losses 0 Closed Without Payment - 219 Total Payments $21,015,811.20 Azle 55 41 0 14 $1,150,384.57 Bedford 60 34 0 26 $190,081.99 Benbrook* 9 9 0 0 $356,272.60 Blue Mound 3 2 0 1 $21,810.93 Colleyville 51 31 0 18 $653,149.49 Crowley 2 2 0 0 $10,676,72 Dalworthington Gardens 9 5 0 4 $38,738.70 82 As of 02/29/2024; FEMA OpenFEMA Dataset, FEMA National Flood Insurance Program Redacted Policies, 2024, FEMA NFIP Redacted Claims - v2 I FEMA.gov Loss Statistics: from January 1, 1978 through report "as of date above except as indicated by *. 108 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Edgecliff Village LossesJurisdiction Total 15 Closed •Losses 10 Open 0 Closed Without •'Losses 5 Total Payments $72,918.51 Euless 110 92 0 18 $2,936,233.07 Everman 98 65 0 12 $1,631,559.51 Forest Hill 26 18 0 8 $478,101.87 Fort Worth 618 459 3 156 $5,460,594.47 Grapevine 57 46 0 11 $1,223,796.33 Haltom City 126 92 1 34 $3,629,208.40 Haslet 2 1 0 1 $2,645.94 Hurst 117 88 1 29 $1,281,239.10 Keller 53 43 0 10 $1,147,189.35 Kennedale 20 17 0 3 $118,404.88 Lake Worth 1 1 0 0 $3,951.81 Lakeside 1 0 0 1 $0 Mansfield* 10 10 0 0 $338,663.19 North Richland Hills 115 91 0 24 $899,423.71 Richland Hills 104 83 1 21 $1,332,446.33 River Oaks 4 4 0 0 $67,027.56 Saginaw 7 7 0 0 $111,199.79 Southlake 29 24 0 4 $679,016.50 Tarrant County (unincorporated) 248 198 0 49 $4,657,234.02 Watauga 85 68 1 17 $533,697.51 Total 2991 2278 7 686 $50,030,801.03 Total losses — All losses submitted regardless of the status. Closed losses — Losses that have been paid. Open losses — Losses that have not been paid in full. CWOP losses — Losses that have been closed without payment. Total Payments — Total amount paid on losses. *Jurisdiction with limited data availability from NFIP datasets Table 30 and Table 31 provide information about the repetitive loss and severe repetitive loss properties in the participating jurisdictions as of August 28, 2024. The types of properties are identified in the individual annexes, as applicable. 109 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Table 30: Payments for Repetitive Loss Properties in Tarrant County by Jurisdiction Name Arlington CID 485454 Total Payments $3,889,452.43 Average Payment $34,118.00 Losses 114 PropertiesCommunity 46 Azle 480584 $21,535.92 $10,767.96 2 1 Bedford 480585 $58,571.22 $5,857.12 10 5 Colleyville 480590 $599,369.37 $27,244.06 22 8 Crowley 480591 $220,430.81 $55,107.70 4 1 Dalworthington Gardens 481013 $36,535.65 $6,089.28 6 3 Edgecliff Village 480592 $41,616.15 $20,808.08 2 1 Euless 480593 $824,603.42 $24,253.04 34 14 Everman 480594 $59,488.23 $11,897.65 5 2 Forest Hill 480595 $94,672.35 $47,336.18 2 1 Fort Worth 480596 $1,889,511.41 $12,681.28 149 50 Grapevine 480598 $479,318.89 $22,824.71 21 10 Haltom City 480599 $2,769,530.21 $57,698.55 48 13 Keller 480602 $591,093.51 $23,643.74 25 8 Kennedale 480603 $24,266.13 $6,066.53 4 2 North Richland Hills 480607 $111,736.97 $11,173.70 10 4 Mansfield 480606 $4,126,961.46 $178,796.05 125 4 Richland Hills 480608 $512,929.49 $15,543.32 33 9 Saginaw 480610 $10,825.99 $2,706.50 4 1 Southlake 480612 $142,182.06 $35,545.52 4 2 Tarrant County (unincorporated) 480582 $1,176,586.27 $21,392.48 55 16 Watauga 480613 $250,061.33 $8,622.80 29 12 110 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Table 31: Payments for Severe Repetitive Loss Properties in Tarrant County by Jurisdiction Name Arlington CID 485454 Total Payments $102,089.39 Average Payment $25,522.35 Losses 4 PropertiesCommunity 1 Euless 480593 $67,429.34 $16,857.33 4 1 Fort Worth 480596 $6,474,971 $181,589 218 186 Keller 480602 $297,060.09 $59,412.02 5 1 Richland Hills 480608 $168,692 $168,692 6 1 Tarrant County (unincorporated) 480582 $380,296.75 $27,164.05 14 2 The Community Rating System (CRS) is a voluntary program for communities that participate in the NFIP. The goals of the CRS are to reduce flood damages to insurable property, strengthen and support the insurance aspects of the NFIP, and encourage a comprehensive approach to floodplain management. The CRS was developed to provide incentives in the form of premium discounts for communities to exceed the minimum floodplain management requirements to develop additional measures that provide further protection from flooding. For a community to be eligible, it must be in full compliance with the NFIP. There are 10 CRS classes: Class 1 requires the most credit points and gives the greatest premium discount, whereas Class 10 identifies a community that does not apply for the CRS or does not obtain a minimum number of credit points and thus receives no discount. (All communities start out with a Class 10 rating, which provides no discount.) There are 18 activities recognized as measures for eliminating exposure to floods, with credit points assigned to each activity. The activities are organized into four main categories: • Public Information • Mapping and Regulation • Flood Damage Reduction • Flood Preparedness In recognition of communities' floodplain management activities, premium discounts ranging from 5% to a maximum of 45% are applied to eligible policies implemented in each participating community. All CRS communities must maintain completed FEMA elevation and floodproofing certificates for all new and substantially improved construction in the Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) after the date of their applications for CRS classification. These certificates must be available upon request. Therefore, in writing a policy, an agent/producer should be able to obtain these certificates from any CRS community. In addition, some CRS communities receive credit for having completed certificates for post -Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) buildings constructed prior to the CRS application date. If they do receive this credit, these certificates should also be available to agents/producers writing flood insurance. 111 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Table 32 lists the participating jurisdictions in Tarrant County that have CRS ratings, and Figure 57 shows their locations. They provide details of their NFIP participation in their jurisdictional annex. The other participating jurisdictions are not ranked. Table 32: Community Rating System Eligible Communities, Effective August 28, 20248384 Community Number 485454 Name Arlington CRS Entry Date 10/01/91 Current Effective Date 10/01/21 Current Class 5 Discount for SFHA*85 25% Discount for Non - SFHA 10% Status" C 480586 Benbrook 10/01/91 10/01/22 6 20% 20% C 480596 Fort Worth 10/01 /12 04/01 /23 7 15% 5% C 480599 Haltom City 10/01/12 10/01/18 8 10% 5% C 480601 Hurst 10/01/92 10/01/17 8 10% 5% C 480607 North Richland Hills 10/01/91 10/01/16 7 15% 5% C 480608 Richland Hills 05/01/14 05/01/14 8 10% 5% C SFHA = Special Flood Hazard Area; " Status: C = Current, R = Rescinded 83 FEMA Community Rating System, 2023, Community Rating System I FEMA.gov. 84 FEMA Community Status Book Report, August 28, 2024, Community status book report for state TX (fema.gov). 85 For the purpose of determining CRS discounts, all AR and A99 zones are treated as non-SFHAs. 112 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Tarrant County, Texas North Community Richland Richland Hills Rating System Haltom Q Hills 9 ! CRS city 7 8 $99,011 $39,232 Classification a & Savings $131,573 Hurst 4° 8 $100.939 • CRS Classification - CRS Community Fort Worth rlington ® p � 8 0 w+F $947,242 $695,093 S 0 0 2.5 5 10 Miles Benhrook `@ © IEM. GEO $164,616 Source: Census Bureau, FFMA CRS Figure 57: CRS Communities in Tarrant County 113 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Dam Failure All dam failure -related data, including hazard profiles, risk assessments, dam inventories, emergency action plans, impact analyses, and detailed dam profiles, are now consolidated in Appendix C of this plan. Please refer to "Appendix C: Dam Profile Information" for the most current and comprehensive information regarding dam failure hazards in Tarrant County. 114 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Technological Hazards Some participating jurisdictions have chosen to analyze technological hazards that impact them. Technological hazards are an increasing source of risk to people and the environment. The rising threat of technological hazards is an effect of the globalization of production, increasing industrialization, and a certain level of risk related to accidents connected with production, processes, transportation, and waste management. These risks are associated with the release of substances in accident conditions or with the production of substances under certain conditions such as fire. These substances could affect human health or the environment by contamination and their effects on animals and plants.86 Technological hazards include hazardous material events, infectious disease outbreaks, national security hazards, nuclear accidents, power failure, and telecommunication failure. The jurisdictions that chose to profile technological hazards identified and described technological hazards in their individual annex. 86 American Red Cross, Jessica Ports Robbins, 2024, "Technological Hazard," https://www.preparecenter.org/topics/technological-hazard. 115 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Thunderstorms — Including Hail, Wind, and Lightning A thunderstorm is a weather phenomenon characterized by lightning and thunder, often accompanied by heavy rain, strong winds, and sometimes hail. Thunderstorms are caused by the rapid upward movement of warm, moist air, which cools and condenses, forming cumulonimbus clouds and releasing electrical activity in the form of lightning and thunder. Thunderstorms can occur individually, in clusters, or along cold fronts. The following image displays dangerous thunderstorm alerts across the United States in 2022. a 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 DTA Density (OTAsfmV) Figure 58: Dangerous Thunderstorm Alerts in the United States, 2022" HAIL Hail occurs when spherical or irregularly shaped lumps of ice greater than 0.75 inches in diameter fall with rain at the outgrowth of a severe thunderstorm. Early in the developmental stages of a hailstorm, ice crystals form in a low-pressure front due to warm air rising rapidly into the upper atmosphere and the 1' AEM, "2022 United States Lightning Report," https:Haem.eco/2022-united-states-lightning-report/. 116 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN subsequent cooling of the air mass. Frozen droplets gradually accumulate on the ice crystals until they have developed sufficient weight and fall as precipitation. WIND Straight-line winds are often responsible for the wind damage associated with a thunderstorm. Similar damage and wind speeds frequently confuse these winds with tornadoes. However, the strong and gusty winds associated with straight-line winds blow roughly in a straight line, unlike the rotating winds of a tornado. Downbursts or micro -bursts are examples of damaging straight-line winds. A downburst is a small area of rapidly descending rain and rain -cooled air beneath a thunderstorm that produces a violent, localized downdraft covering 2.5 miles or less. Wind speeds in some of the stronger downbursts can reach 100 to 150 miles per hour, like that of a strong tornado. The winds produced from a downburst often occur in one direction, and the worst damage is usually on the forward side of the downburst. LIGHTNING Lightning results from the buildup and discharge of electrical energy between positively and negatively charged areas in thunderstorms. A "bolt' or brilliant flash of light is created when the buildup becomes strong enough. These bolts of lightning can be seen in cloud -to -cloud or cloud -to -ground strikes. Bolts of lightning can reach temperatures approaching 50,000°F. Although lightning is mainly affiliated with thunderstorms, lightning often strikes outside of these storms, as far as 10 miles away from any rainfall. FEMA states that an average of 300 people are injured and 80 people are killed in the United States each year by lightning. Direct strikes can cause significant damage to buildings, critical facilities, and infrastructure and the ignition of wildfires, resulting in widespread damage to property and persons. Lightning is the most critical natural contributor to fires affecting the built environment. Location and Extent Hail, wind, and lightning can happen in any area, but they are frequently observed in Texas. The Tarrant County planning area, along with all participating jurisdictions, is moderately prone to these occurrences. Thus, these natural hazards could happen anywhere in the planning area. It is assumed that the entire Tarrant County planning area is uniformly at risk of lightning. Figure 59 shows the lightning flashes and thunder hours in Texas during 2022.11 Figure 60 shows lightning density across the United States in 2023 according to the Vaisala Annual Lightning Report. This report also indicates the Dallas —Fort Worth — Arlington Metro Area is ranked 16th in the top 20 most lightning -prone U.S. metropolitan areas. 88 AEM, "2022 United States Lightning Report." https:Haem.eco/2022-united-states-lightning-report/. 117 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 34 10! H;gn Figure 59: Lightning Flashes and Thunder Hours, Texas 2022 Total lightning density in the U.S. 2023 O GRIDDED O 2016-2022 2023 O COUNTY O 2016-2022 O DIFFERENCES 2023 VS 2016-2022 O Llght,l evens per kW Figure 60: United States Lightning Density89 The NRI also provides awareness of the level of risk these weather hazards pose in Tarrant County. Figure 61, Figure 62, and Figure 63 show the levels of risk in the United States for hail, wind, and lightning, respectively.90 89 Vaisala Annual Lightning Report 2023. https://www.xweather.com/annual-lightning-report. 90 FEMA, "National Risk Index." https://hazards.fema.gov/nri/map. 118 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Vann —, MTV r�lifni ■ s onawa Figure 61: Hail Risk across the United States Figure 62: Strong Wind Risk across the United States Figure 63: Lightning Risk across the United States Hail Risk Very High Relatively High ❑ Relatively Moderate Relatively Low Very Low No Rating Not Applicable Insufficient Data Strong Wind Risk Very High ■ Relatively High ❑Relatively Moderate Relatively Low Very Low ❑ No Rating Not Applicable ■ Insufficient Data Lightning Risk Very High Relatively High ❑ Relatively Moderate Relatively Low ■ Very Low No Rating Not Applicable Insufficient Data 119 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN HAIL EXTENT The Tornado and Storm Research Organization (TORRO) scale for hail extends from HO to H10; its increments of intensity or damage potential are related to hail size (distribution and maximum), texture, fall speed, speed of storm translation, and strength of the accompanying wind. An indication of equivalent hail kinetic energy ranges (in joules per square meter) has now been added to the first six increments on the scale, which may be derived from radar reflectivity or hail pads. The International Hailstorm Intensity Scale recognizes that hail size alone cannot accurately categorize a hailstorm's intensity and damage potential, especially toward the lower end of the scale. For example, without additional information, an event in which hail of up to walnut size is reported (hail size code 3: hail diameter of 21-30 mm) would be graded as a hailstorm with a minimum intensity of H2—H3. Additional information, such as the ground wind speed or the nature of the damage the hail caused, would help clarify the event's intensity. For instance, a fall of walnut -sized hail with little or no wind may scar fruit and sever the stems of crops but would not break vertical glass and so would be ranked H2—H3. However, if accompanied by strong winds, the same hail may smash many windows in a house and dent a car's bodywork such that it might be graded at an intensity as high as H5. However, evidence indicates that maximum hailstone size is the most important parameter relating to structural damage, especially toward the more severe end of the scale. It must be noted that hailstone shapes also are an important feature, especially as the "effective" diameter of non -spheroidal specimens should ideally be an average of the coordinates. Spiked or jagged hail can also increase some aspects of damage. Table 33 presents the TORRO Hailstorm Intensity Scale in relation to typical damage caused and hail size codes. Table 33: The Tornado and Storm Research Organization Hailstorm Intensity Scale Intensity Typical Hall ProbableSize Damage Impacts Code Category HO Hard Hail 5 0-20 No damage H1 Potentially 5-15 >20 Slight general damage to plants, crops Damaging H2 Significant 10-20 >100 Significant damage to fruit, crops, vegetation H3 Severe 20-30 >300 Severe damage to fruit and crops, damage to glass and plastic structures, paint and wood scored H4 Severe 25-40 >500 Widespread glass damage, vehicle bodywork damage H5 Destructive 30-50 >800 Wholesale destruction of glass, damage to tiled roofs, significant risk of injuries H6 Destructive 40-60 Bodywork of grounded aircraft dented, brick walls pitted H7 Destructive 50-75 Severe roof damage, risk of serious injuries 120 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Size Intensity Typical Hail Probable Typical Damage Impacts Code CategoryDiameter H8 Destructive 60-90 • Severe damage to aircraft bodywork H9 Super 75-100 Extensive structural damage, risk of severe Hailstorms or even fatal injuries to persons caught in the open H10 Super >100 Extensive structural damage, risk of severe Hailstorms or even fatal injuries to persons caught in the open Note: ' Approximate range (typical maximum size in bold) because other factors (e.g., number and density of hailstones, hail fall speed, and surface wind speeds) affect severity. WIND EXTENT The Beaufort Wind Chart shows the description and scale used to classify the wind intensity in a thunderstorm. The scale is now rarely used by professional meteorologists, having been largely replaced by more objective methods of determining wind speeds —such as using anemometers, tracking wind echoes with Doppler radar, and monitoring the deflection of rising weather balloons and radiosondes from their points of release. Nevertheless, it is still helpful in estimating the wind characteristics over a large area and may be used to calculate the wind without wind instruments. The Beaufort scale can also measure and describe the effects of different wind velocities on land or sea objects. Table 34: The Beaufort Scale of Wind (Nautical) Beaufort Number 0 - of Wind Calm Wind Speed knots mph <1 <1 1 Light air 1-3 1-5 2 Light breeze 4-6 6-11 3 Gentle breeze 7-10 12-19 4 Moderate breeze 11-16 20-28 5 Fresh breeze 17-21 29-38 6 Strong breeze 22-27 39-49 7 Moderate gale (or near gale) 28-33 50-61 8 Fresh gale (or gale) 34-40 62-74 9 Strong gale 41-47 75-88 10 Whole gale (or storm) 48-55 89-102 11 Storm (or violent storm) 56-63 103-114 12-17 Hurricane >64 >117 121 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN LIGHTNING EXTENT The lightning activity level (LAL) is a crucial parameter used in fire weather forecasts nationwide. It measures the extent of lightning activity, with values ranging from 1 to 6. Each value of LAL corresponds to a specific level of lightning activity, helping forecasters and emergency responders assess the potential fire risk associated with lightning strikes. Table 35: Lightning Activity Level and Its Effects DevelopmentLAL Cloud and Storm 15 Minutes 1 No thunderstorms. - 2 Cumulus clouds are common, but only a few reach the towering 1-8 cumulus stage. A single thunderstorm must be confirmed in the observation area. The clouds produce mainly virga, but light rain occasionally reaches the ground. Lightning is very infrequent. 3 The towering cumulus covers less than two tenths of the sky. 9-15 Thunderstorms are few, but two to three must occur in the observation area. Light to moderate rain will reach the ground, and lightning is infrequent. 4 The towering cumulus covers two to three tenths of the sky. 16-25 Thunderstorms are scattered, and more than three must occur in the observation area. Moderate rain is common, and lightning is frequent. 5 Towering cumulus and thunderstorms are numerous. They cover >25 more than three tenths of the sky and occasionally obscure the sky. Rain is moderate to heavy, and lightning is frequent and intense. 6 Similar to LAL 3, except thunderstorms are dry. According to Figure 64, Tarrant County experienced 48.05 flashes per square mile (flash density), 41,150 lightning flashes, 541,432 lightning pulses, and 332 hours of thunder in 2022.91 "A lightning pulse is a surge of electric current in lightning accompanied by a flash of light, while a lightning flash is a series of pulses close in space and time that approximates the continuous ionized channels of a complete bolt of lightning.1192 91 AEM, "2022 United States Lightning Report." https://aem.eco/2022-united-states-lightning-report/. 92 Earth Networks, "Washington Lightning Reports." https://qet.earthnetworks.com/hubfs/2021 %20State%20Lightning%20Reports/Lightning Report Washington.pdf. 122 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Figure 64: Lightning Flashes in Tarrant County, 2022 Previous Historical Occurrences Between 01/01/2020 and 09/17/2024, 374 thunderstorm -related events occurred in Tarrant County. Two resulted in injury, and 29 caused property damage, with total property damage at $823,178,000.00. No deaths or crop damage were reported during that time. Table 36 provides information on those events. Events that had no fatalities or crop damage were eliminated. Table 36: Hail, Thunderstorm Wind, and Lightning Events, Tarrant County, 01/01/2020-09/17/202413 Jurisdiction I Arlington Municipal Airport �. 06/13/2023 Hail inches 1.75 in. 0 .. Damage $7K Arlington Municipal Airport 05/28/2024 Thunderstorm wind 50 kts. MG 0 $51K Avondale 03/02/2023 Thunderstorm wind 61 kts. 0 $51K Azle 06/13/2023 Hail 1.75 in. 0 $51K Bedford 08/01/2021 Hail 1.75 in, 0 $50K Bedford 05/27/2024 Hail 2.75 in. 0 $150K Bedford 05/27/2024 Hail 1.75 in. 0 $8K Bedford 05/27/2024 Hail 2.00 in. 0 $11 K 93 National Centers for Environmental Information, "Storm Events Database," httr)s://www. ncdc. noaa.aov/stormevents/listevents. isp?eventTvr)e=%28C%29+Hai I&eventTvi)e=°/`28C°/`29+Liahtni n &eventTvpe=%28C%29+Thunderstorm+Wind&beainDate mm=01&beainDate dd=01&beainDate vvvv=2020&endD ate mm=09&endDate dd=17&endDate vvvv=2024&countv=TARRANT%3A439&hailfilter=0.00&tornfilter=0&windfilte r=000&sort=DT&su bm itbutton=Search&statefips=48%2CTEXAS 123 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Jurisdiction Benbrook Date 033/16/2023 Type Hail Magnitude in inches 2.00 in Injuries 0 Property Damage $150K Benbrook 03/16/2023 Hail 1.75 in. 0 $60K Benbrook 09/08/2023 Thunderstorm wind 61 kts. EG 0 $10K Benbrook 05/16/2024 Lightning N/A 0 $300K Blue Mound 03/24/2021 Hail 2.00 in. 0 $20M Blue Mound 04/28/2021 Lightning N/A 0 $0.50K Blue Mound 04/28/2021 Hail 2.00 in. 0 $18M Blue Mound 04/28/2021 Hail 1.75 in. 0 $18M Blue Mound 04/28/2021 Hail 1.75 in. 0 $18M Blue Mound 08/01/2021 Lightning N/A 0 $10K Center Point 09/08/2023 Thunderstorm wind 50 kts. EG 0 $30K Dalworthington 04/26/2024 Hail 1.75 in. 0 $7K Dalworthington 05/22/2024 Hail 2.25 in. 0 $20K Dalworthington 05/27/2024 Hail 1.75 in. 0 $8K Dalworthington 05/27/2024 Hail 3.25 in. 0 $300K Eagle 08/19/2020 Thunderstorm wind 78 kts. EG 0 $300K Ed Pit 08/01/2021 Lightning N/A 0 $200K Euless 08/01/2021 Hail 1.75 in. 0 $50K Euless 08/01/2021 Hail 1.75 in. 0 $50K Euless 05/27/2024 Hail 2.75 in. 0 $160K Everman 01/10/2020 Hail 1.50 in. 0 $1K Everman 09/08/2023 Thunderstorm wind 61 kts EG 0 $10K Fort Worth 04/19/2020 Hail 1.75 in. 0 $10K Fort Worth 04/19/2020 Hail 1.75 In. 0 $10K Fort Worth 09/04/2022 Thunderstorm wind 50 kts. EG 0 $50K Fort Worth 04/26/2024 Hail 1.75 in. 0 $10K Fort Worth Airport 04/28/2020 Hal 1.25 in. 0 $10K Fort Worth Blue Mound Airport 08/29/2020 Thunderstorm wind 43 kts. MG 0 $1 K Fort Worth Luck Airport 04/26/2023 Lightning N/A 2 $0 Fort Worth Mangham Airport 03/02/2023 Thunderstorm wind 60 kts. EG 0 $100K Fort Worth Mangham Airport 03/02/2023 Thunderstorm wind 59 kts. 0 $50K 124 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Jurisdiction Fort Worth Mangham Airport Date 05/27/2024 Type Hail Magnitude•• 1.75 in. 0 $15K Fort Worth Mangham Airport 05/27/2024 Hail 1.75 in. 0 $8K Fort Worth Meacham Airport 12/13/2022 Hail 1.00 in. 0 $2K Fort Worth Oak Grove Airport 06/12/2023 Hail 1.75 in. 0 $15K Fort Worth Saginaw Airport 04/28/2021 Hail 1.75 in. 0 $18M Fort Worth Saginaw Airport 04/28/2021 Hail 3.00 in. 0 $40M Grapevine 07/12/2020 Thunderstorm wind 55 kts. EG 0 $3K Grapevine 05/28/2024 Thunderstorm wind 67 kts. MG 0 $100K Haltom City 04/02/2023 Hail 1.50 in. 0 $100K Handley 09/08/2023 Thunderstorm wind 61 kts. EG 0 $1OK Haslet 03/24/2021 Hail 2.50 in. 0 $50M Haslet 03/24/2021 Hail 3.00 in. 0 $58M Haslet 03/24/2021 Hail 2.00 in. 0 $50M Haslet 03/24/2021 Hail 1.75 in. 0 $58M Haslet 03/24/2021 Hail 2.00 in. 0 $58M Haslet 05/28/2024 Thunderstorm wind 54 kts. MG 0 $5K Hicks 03/24/2021 Hail 3.00 in. 0 $58M Hodge 07/12/2021 Thunderstorm wind 50 kts.EG 0 $8K Hodge 03/21/2022 Thunderstorm wind 61 kts. EG 0 $5K Hurst 05/27/2024 Hail 2.00 in. 0 $15K Hurst 05/27/2024 Hail 2.75 in. 0 $160K Johnsons Station 05/27/2024 Hail 2.00 in, 0 $11 K Keller 04/28/2021 Hail 2.50 in. 0 $40M Keller 04/28/2021 Hail 3.00 in. 0 $40M Keller 04/28/2021 Hail 2.25 in. 0 $40M Keller 04/28/2021 Hail 2.50 in. 0 $40M Keller 04/28/2021 Hail 3.25 in. 0 $40M Keller 06/01/2024 Lightning N/A 0 $50K Keller Alta Vista Airport 08/29/2020 Thunderstorm wind 55 kts. EG 0 $25K 125 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Jurisdiction Keller Alta Vista Airport Date 04/28/2021 Type Hail MagnitudeProperty inches 1.75 in. 0 Damage $18M Keller Alta Vista Airport 04/28/2021 Hail 1.75 in. 0 $18M Keller Alta Vista Airport 04/28/2021 Hail 3.00 in. 0 $40M Keller Alta Vista Airport 04/28/2021 Hail 2.00 in. 0 $18M Keller Alta Vista Airport 04/28/2021 Hail 2.50 in. 0 $40M Keller Alta Vista Airport 08/01/2021 Lightning N/A 0 $1 OK Keller Alta Vista Airport 09/04/2022 Thunderstorm wind 56 kts. EG 0 5K Keller Alta Vista Airport 03/02/2023 Thunderstorm wind 70 kts. MG 0 $30K Keller Goode Airport 05/27/2024 Hail 2.00 in. 0 $70K Kennedale 04/12/2020 Hail 0.75 in. 0 $1 K Mansfield 04/28/2020 Hail 1.75 in. 0 $15K Mansfield 06/12/2023 Hail 4.00 in. 0 $750K Mansfield 06/12/2023 Hail 5.00 in. 0 $1 M Mansfield 06/12/2023 Hail 2.75 in. 0 $500K Mansfield 06/12/2023 Hail 2.75 in. 0 $250K Mansfield 05/27/2024 Hail 2.10 in. 0 $13K Mara 04/19/2020 Hail 1.50 in. 0 $3K Mara 03/16/2023 Hail 3.00 in. 0 $500K North Richland Hills 09/25/2022 Thunderstorm wind 52 kts. EG 0 $50K North Richland Hills 05/28/2024 Thunderstorm wind 56 kts. EG 0 $2K Pleasant Glade 03/21/2022 Thunderstorm wind 43 kts. EG 0 $0.50K Pleasant Glade 05/27/2024 Hail 1.75 in. 0 $8K Richland Hills 09/08/2023 Thunderstorm wind 61 kts. EG 0 $20K Saginaw 07/02/2020 Thunderstorm wind 50 kts. EG 0 $3K Saginaw 04/28/2021 Hail 2.00 in. 0 $18M Seminary Hill 04/18/2020 Hail 1.75 in. 0 $1 OK Seminary Hill 04/19/2020 Hail 1.50 in. 0 $3K Smithfield 05/27/2024 Hail 1.75 in. 0 $8K 126 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Jurisdiction Sublett Date 04/28/2020 Type Hail Magnitude in inches 1.75 in. Injuries 0 Property Damage $15K Tarrant 05/27/2024 Hail 2.00 in. 0 $15K Watauga 03/02/2023 Thunderstorm wind 59 kts. MG 0 $70K Watauga 03/02/2023 Thunderstorm wind 59 kts. MG 0 $60K Watauga 05/28/2024 Thunderstorm wind 52 kts. EG 0 $2K Webb 06/12/2023 Hail 2.75 in. 0 $500K Webb 06/12/2023 Hail 2.50 in. 0 $200K Webb 05/27/2024 Hail 2.00 in. 0 $50K Webb 05/27/2024 Hail 1.75 in. 0 $8K Webb 05/27/2024 Hail 1.75 in. 0 $8K Westland 03/02/2023 Thunderstorm wind 60kts. EG 0 $65K Westland 09/08/2023 Thunderstorm 56 kts. EG 0 $10K Westland 10/04/2023 Thunderstorm wind 61 kts EG 0 $10K Westland 10/04/2023 Hail 1.50 in. 0 $150K Westland 10/04/2023 Thunderstorm wind 61 kts. EG 0 $75K Westover Hills 03/21/2022 Thunderstorm wind 50 kts. MG 0 $3K Probability of Future Events The Tarrant County planning area, including all participating jurisdictions, is expected to experience frequent hail, wind, and lightning events in the future. According to the NRI and climate change data, the probability of these events is relatively high. Based on the 2022 data, the area experiences an average of 48.05 lightning flashes per square mile annually (approximately 41,450 flashes per year) and 332 thunder hours. These events are expected to continue to cause moderate property damage throughout the planning area and its participating jurisdictions. impact of Climate i renas and Variations The changing climate in Tarrant County is projected to have a range of effects on extreme weather events. As temperatures rise, increased evaporation may contribute to the intensification of thunderstorms and the possibility of heavier rainfall, which could heighten the risk of hail events. Furthermore, elevated temperatures may also cause greater atmospheric energy, potentially leading to more powerful wind events. Regarding lightning, the higher temperatures could spur an uptick in convective activity in the atmosphere, potentially increasing the frequency of lightning. It is essential to recognize that although these are potential outcomes of climate change, the specific impacts on hail, wind, and lightning events in Tarrant County will be influenced by a multitude of factors and could evolve over time. 127 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Vulnerability Assessment Tarrant County's high relative risk of thunderstorms that produce hail, lightning, and strong winds increases the community's vulnerability. These factors can lead to property damage, power outages, and potential safety hazards for residents from flash flooding and flying debris. The increased vulnerability can affect the community in various ways, including higher insurance costs, disruption of daily activities, and risks to public safety. In addition, infrastructure damage from these weather events can strain local resources and emergency response capabilities, thus impacting the community's overall resilience. ESTIMATED IMPACT AND POTENTIAL LOSSES Expected loss values related to thunderstorms for Tarrant County, and its jurisdictions provide crucial information about the potential monetary impact of thunderstorm events over a year. By estimating the EAL from thunderstorms, including hail, strong winds, and lightning, authorities can understand the financial risks associated with thunderstorm challenges, such as infrastructure damage, population loss, and lost agriculture productivity. Thunderstorms can lead to a range of damage to both agriculture and infrastructure. In agriculture, thunderstorms can damage crops through heavy rainfall, hail, and strong winds. This can cause crop destruction, soil erosion, and yield loss. In addition, infrastructure damage from thunderstorms can include power outages from lightning strikes or strong winds, damage to buildings caused by hail, strong winds, or lightning, and flooding that can damage roads, bridges, and other infrastructure. Communication infrastructure, such as cell towers and antennas, may also be vulnerable to damage from strong winds or lightning strikes. Furthermore, transportation infrastructure, including roads, railways, and airports, can suffer from the impacts of thunderstorms, such as wind damage, heavy rain, or flooding. Table 37 lists the expected loss values from hail, strong winds, and lightning in Tarrant County. Table 37: Expected Loss Values Tarrant County Thunderstorms PopulationThunderstorm Building Population Hazards Value Equivalence Value Hail $85,007,912 $475,613 0.04 $1,044 $85,484,569 Strong Winds $1,729,489 $666,851 $1,062,570 0.09 $68 Lightning $1,683,664 $536,092 $1,147,572 0.10 n/a 128 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Table 38: Expected Loss Values, Thunderstorms, Tarrant County Jurisdictions Jurisdiction Arlington Thunderstorm Hazard Hail Building Value Dollars $190,486 Population Equivalence Dollars $1,240 Population 0.00 Value U.S. Dollars $0 U.S. Dollars $191,726 Strong wind $1,492 $2,771 0.00 $0 $4,262 Lightning $1,394 $3,443 0.00 n/a $4,837 Azle Hail $281,321 $1,685 0.00 $1 $283,007 Strong wind $2,194 $3,750 0.00 $0 $5,945 Lightning $1,368 $3,120 0.00 n/a $4,488 Bedford Hail $113,594 $879 0.00 $0 $114,472 Strong wind $886 $1,956 0.00 $0 $2,842 Lightning $652 $1,939 0.00 n/a $2,591 Benbrook Hail $136,075 $973 0.00 $5 $137,053 Strong wind $1,065 $2,175 0.00 $0 $3,241 Lightning $771 $2,108 0.00 n/a $2,879 Colleyville Hail $489,779 $1,922 0.00 $0 $491,701 Strong wind $3,820 $4,278 0.00 $0 $8,098 Lightning $2,761 $4,152 0.00 n/a $6,914 Crowley Hail $199,400 $1,457 0.00 $4 $200,860 Strong wind $1,561 $3,255 0.00 $0 $4,816 Lightning $1,198 $3,331 0.00 n/a $4,529 Edgecliff Village Hail $104,652 $833 0.00 $0 $105,485 Strong wind $819 $1,860 0.00 $0 $2,680 Lightning $675 $2,041 0.00 n/a $2,716 Euless Hail $139,417 $1,517 0.00 $0 $140,934 Strong wind $1,087 $3,377 0.00 $0 $4,464 Lightning $906 $3,758 0.00 n/a $4,664 Everman Hail $151,938 $1,353 0.00 $5 $153,295 Strong wind $1,190 $3,022 0.00 $0 $4,212 Lightning $989 $3,373 0.00 n/a $4,363 Fort Worth Hail $861,530 $1,392 0.00 $0 $862,921 Strong wind $6,746 $3,109 0.00 $0 $9,855 Lightning $5,970 $3,364 0.00 n/a $9,335 129 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Grapevine HazardJurisdiction Thunderstorm Hail Building Value Dollars $520,307 Population Equivalence Dollars $1,166 Population 0.00 Agriculture U.S. Dollars $0 Total Dollars $521,474 Strong wind $4,058 $2,596 0.00 $0 $6,654 Lightning $2,972 $2,534 0.00 n/a $5,506 Haltom City Hail $132,442 $1,086 0.00 $0 $133,528 Strong wind $1,033 $2,417 0.00 $0 $3,450 Lightning $845 $2,607 0.00 n/a $3,451 Haslet Hail $155,735 $1,137 0.00 $6 $156,878 Strong wind $1,215 $2,531 0.00 $0 $3,746 Lightning $920 $2,586 0.00 n/a $3,507 Hurst Hail $196,325 $1,364 0.00 $0 $197,689 Strong wind $1,531 $3,036 0.00 $0 $4,567 Lightning $1,259 $3,303 0.00 n/a $4,562 Keller Hail $170,622 $767 0.00 $0 $171,389 Strong wind $1,331 $1,708 0.00 $0 $3,038 Lightning $1,003 $1,723 0.00 n/a $2,726 Kennedale Hail $186,277 $597 0.00 $6 $186,881 Strong wind $1,459 $1,334 0.00 $0 $2,793 Lightning $1,239 $1,510 0.00 n/a $2,749 Lake Worth Hail $260,727 $1,096 0.00 $0 $261,822 Strong wind $2,034 $2,438 0.00 $0 $4,472 Lightning $1,562 $2,501 0.00 n/a $4,063 Mansfield Hail $159,730 $958 0.00 $1 $160,689 Strong wind $1,251 $2,141 0.00 $0 $3,392 Lightning $1,050 $2,394 0.00 n/a $3,444 North Richland Hills Hail $197,450 $883 0.00 $0 $198,333 Strong wind $1,540 $1,964 0.00 $0 $3,505 Lightning $1,263 $2,151 0.00 n/a $3,414 Richland Hills Hail $169,452 $1,006 0.00 $0 $170,459 Strong wind $1,322 $2,240 0.00 $0 $3,562 Lightning $1,102 $2,490 0.00 n/a $3,593 130 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN River Oaks HazardJurisdiction Thunderstorm Hail Building Value Dollars $209,242 Population Equivalence Dollars $1,781 Population 0.00 Agriculture U.S. Dollars $0 Total Dollars $211,023 Strong wind $1,632 $3,965 0.00 $0 $5,597 Lightning $1,267 $4,108 0.00 n/a $5,375 Saginaw Hail $195,772 $1,580 0.00 $0 $197,352 Strong wind $1,527 $3,515 0.00 $0 $5,042 Lightning $1,176 $3,608 0.00 n/a $4,784 Watauga Hail $156,967 $1,121 0.00 $0 $158,087 Strong wind $1,224 $2,495 0.00 $0 $3,719 Lightning $928 $2,519 0.00 n/a $3,447 Westworth Village Hail $132,504 $570 0.00 $0 $133,074 Strong wind $1,037 $1,273 0.00 $0 $2,310 Lightning $846 $1,389 0.00 n/a $2,235 Dallas -Fort Worth International Airport Hail $327,731 $3 0.00 $1 $327,735 Strong wind $2,684 $7 0.00 $0 $2,691 Lightning $1,986 $7 0.00 n/a $1,993 Lakeside Hail $300,799 $1,677 0.00 $6 $302,482 Strong wind $2,347 $3,734 0.00 $0 $6,082 Lightning $1,715 $3,686 0.00 n/a $5,402 Westlake Hail $393,000 $4,891 0.00 $1 $397,892 Strong wind $4,117 $14,023 0.00 $0 $18,140 Lightning $1,556 $3,688 0.00 n/a $5,245 University of North Texas Health and Science Center Hail $71,800 $588 0.00 $0 $72,388 Strong wind $560 $1,308 0.00 $0 $1,868 Lightning $439 $1,371 0.00 n/a $1,810 University of Arlington Hail $931,262 $1,260 0.00 $0 $932,522 Strong wind $7,292 $2,814 0.00 $0 $10,106 131 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Development Trends Recent development trends in Tarrant County have been quite robust, with new commercial and residential projects continually popping up. However, the increase in thunderstorm activity, including hail, strong winds, and lightning, could impact future development in the area. Developers and builders may need to consider the potential for more extreme weather events when planning and constructing new buildings. This could mean incorporating more substantial building materials, better drainage systems, and hardier roofing to withstand hail and strong winds. In addition, developers may need to consider implementing lightning protection systems to ensure the safety of the structures and occupants. Local government and planning authorities may also need to revisit building codes and zoning regulations to account for the potential impacts of increased thunderstorm activity. This could involve updating infrastructure standards and requirements to mitigate the risks associated with severe weather. Overall, the increase in thunderstorm activity in Tarrant County may necessitate a shift in development practices and policies to ensure the resilience and safety of future construction projects. VULNERABLE POPULATIONS In Tarrant County, Texas, several vulnerable populations can be significantly impacted by thunderstorm activity. These include the elderly, individuals with disabilities, low-income households, and those without access to reliable transportation. During thunderstorms, these vulnerable populations may experience power outages, which can be particularly dangerous for individuals who rely on medical equipment that requires electricity. In addition, flooding can pose a severe threat to those in low-lying areas or inadequate housing. Furthermore, individuals with disabilities may face challenges in evacuating or seeking shelter during severe thunderstorms, and the elderly may require additional support and assistance during and after the storm. Local authorities and community organizations should have plans to support these vulnerable populations during thunderstorm events. This can include providing transportation to shelters, ensuring access to medical care and supplies, and helping with cleanup and recovery efforts after the storm has passed. 132 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN COMMUNITY LIFELINES Thunderstorms can impact several FEMA community lifelines. Safety and Security may be compromised due to lightning, strong winds, and potential damage to infrastructure. Health and Medical services may be affected by power outages, which can disrupt medical facilities and individuals reliant on electricity - powered medical equipment. Thunderstorm flooding can disrupt Food, Hydration, and Shelter access for affected populations. The Energy lifeline can be disrupted by power outages caused by thunderstorms, impacting services for residents and businesses. In addition, Transportation may be affected, posing challenges for vulnerable populations, such as the elderly and individuals with disabilities, in accessing reliable transportation during and after thunderstorm events. T Trans n Vulnerability Score o9 T ©s Food. Hydration. health an Energy Shelter NW,Cal (Paver&Fuel) a (W) -,,YO,douc R'atcr M1lateria G Communicalkons Systems Figure 65: FEMA Community Lifelines The NRI evaluates a nation's vulnerability by considering factors such as exposure to natural hazards, the susceptibility of its the population and infrastructure to those hazards, and its ability to withstand and rebound from their effects. The NRI helps identify areas with higher vulnerability scores, which indicate a more significant risk and potential for damage and loss during natural disasters. It can also highlight where additional resources may be needed to improve resilience and reduce vulnerability to natural disasters. The NRI data indicate an overall risk index score of 98.8 for Tarrant County, signifying a high level of risk. The annual loss score of 98.8 points to a substantial potential for financial loss because of natural disasters. Tarrant County's social vulnerability score of 74.8 suggests that it may encounter difficulties recovering from natural disasters. This could result from poverty, inadequate access to healthcare, and limited infrastructure. However, Tarrant County's community resilience score of 26.3 indicates that it may struggle to recover effectively from a natural hazard. It suggests that the county might have limited resources, infrastructure, and capacity to withstand and bounce back from the impacts of a natural disaster. This could result in prolonged recovery times, increased vulnerability, and difficulty restoring normalcy after the event. 133 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN In conclusion, communities with a high risk index, high EAL, high social vulnerability, and low community resilience are particularly susceptible to the devastating outcomes of hazardous events. When such events occur, these communities will likely experience severe damage to infrastructure, homes, and public services, leading to a significant economic impact. Tarrant County's high social vulnerability means that its residents may struggle to cope with the aftermath, facing challenges, such as limited access to healthcare, resources, and support systems. In addition, low community resilience may hinder the county's ability to recover and rebuild, prolonging the community's recovery process and exacerbating the long-term social and economic impacts. As Figure 66, shows the risk rating for Tarrant is 98.82%, which is higher than the 97.60% of counties in Texas. 94 Risk Index is Relatively High Expected Annual Loss is Relatively High Social Vulnerability is Relatively High Community Resilience is Relatively Low Score 98.8 0 100 Score 98.8 1111111110 a 100 Score 74.8 a 130 Score 26.3 a 130 Figure 66: Risk Ratings for Tarrant County, Texas The risk overview includes EAL, social vulnerability, and community resilience. Table 39 provides the hail, strong wind, lightning risk rating, and overall risk from the NRI website and compares them to the overall risk rating for the state of Texas. Table 39: National Risk Index Scores for Hail, Strong Wind, and Lightning, Tarrant County Hazard Risk Expected Social Community Overall Risk Overall Risk Rating Annual Vulnerability Resilience Rating, Tarrant Rating, Loss County Texas StrongWin• ®® • • •:: • •1 Lightning • • ® • • •:: • •1 sa FEMA, "National Risk Index," https://hazards.fema.gov/nri/map. 134 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Table 40: Hail, Strong Wind, and Lightning Risk Factor Breakdown EAL* Value Social Community CRF* Risk Value Risk Index VulnerabilityHazard Hail $85,484,569 Relatively Relatively 1.19 $99,220,348 100 High Low Strong $1,729,489 Relatively Relatively 1.19 $2,066,003 92.2 Wind High Low Lightning $1,683,364 Relatively Relatively 1.19 $2,035,880 97.9 High Low Note: CRF = Community Risk Factor, EAL = expected annual loss Based on NRI data, Tarrant County's hail risk of 100%, strong wind risk of 92.2%, and lightning risk of 97.9 are considered relatively high, meaning there is a high likelihood of continued thunderstorm events occurring in the county. The NWS uses activity levels from Storm Prediction Center to represent severe weather outlooks (see Figure 67). Figure 67: Severe Thunderstorm Risk Categories Tarrant County averages approximately 11 significant thunderstorm events (with hail and high winds) per year, according to NWS records. Although most new homes and buildings in participating jurisdictions are built to resist the effects of all but the strongest thunderstorms, a number of mobile and manufactured home parks and vehicles remain vulnerable. According to the National Structure Inventory, a nationwide 135 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN databased of structure points and attributes compiled by USACE, 7,368 residences in Tarrant County are manufactured homes. Thousands of homes and vehicles can be damaged in a single storm, causing millions of dollars in damage.95 15 State of Texas Mitigation Plan, 2013, page 72. 136 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Tornado A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that comes in contact with the ground. A tornado can either be suspended from, or occur underneath, a cumuliform cloud. It is often, but not always, visible as a condensation funnel. Tornadoes develop from two types of supercell and non-supercell thunderstorms. Those developing from supercell storms are most common and are often the most powerful ones. Supercell thunderstorms are created when horizontal wind shears (winds moving in different directions at different altitudes) begin to rotate the storm. When horizontal wind shears, which are winds moving in different directions at different altitudes, start to rotate a storm, they can cause the formation of a tornado. Strong updrafts can turn this rotation vertically, and the rotating air can eventually reach the ground, creating a swiftly twisting column of air, forming a tornado. Location and Extent Tornadoes can occur in Tarrant County without any specific geographic boundary. It is assumed that all areas in the county, including all participating jurisdictions, are equally exposed to tornado activity. Figure 68 shows activity for EF3, EF4, and EF5 tornadoes in the United States from 1950 to 2021. Historically, tornadoes are not equally distributed across Texas and appear to occur more frequently in the area referred to as "Tornado Alley," a line of activity that stretches north from Central Texas into Oklahoma and beyond. Tornadoes occur in Texas with the greatest frequency during the late spring and early summer months and typically occur in the early evening hours. Nearly 62.7% of all Texas tornadoes occurred in the three-month period of April, May, and June, with almost one third of the total tornadoes occurring in May in the years between 1951 and 2011. By virtue of its size, Texas has more recorded tornadoes than any other state.96,97 96 2023 Texas State Hazard Mitigation Plan, https://txdem.share point.com/sites/TDEM WebsiteFiles/Shared%20Documents/Forms/AlI Items. aspx?id=%2Fsites%2F TDEM WebsiteFiles%2FShared%20Documents%2FM itigation%2FState%20of%20Texas%20HMAP%20Update%20 %2D%2010%2E27%2E23%2Epdf&parent=%2Fsites%2FTDEM WebsiteFiles%2FShared%20Documents%2FMitigati on&p=true&qa=1. 97 Texas Almanac, "Texas Tornadoes," Texas Tornados I TX Almanac (texasalmanac.com). 137 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 1950-2021 National Weather Service All Tornado Reports ad- f q [2 •' �dj y `s�ti:. National Weather Service Storm Prediction Center Figure 68: Tornado Paths, 1950-202198 TORNADO ? ` 67558 > 31980 EFO/U ' 22a85 EF1 V 9517 EF2 2536 EPA 581 EF4 1 59 ■ EF5 Damage from tornadoes can range from light to inconceivable. Factors affecting the amount of destruction include the intensity, size, and duration of a storm. The greatest damage from tornadoes is usually to structures of light construction, such as residential homes. Manufactured homes are particularly vulnerable to damage. The Enhanced Fujita Scale (or EF Scale), shown in Table 41, is the scale for rating the magnitude of tornadoes during the observed time in terms of the damage they produce. Six categories, from EFO to EF5, represent increasing degrees of damage. The scale considers how most structures are designed and is thought to accurately represent the surface wind speeds in the most violent tornadoes. The EF Scale considers multiple variables to assign a wind speed rating to a tornado. It incorporates 28 damage indicators, including building types, structures, and trees. Each damage indicator has eight degrees of damage ranging from the beginning of visible damage to complete destruction.99 98 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Storm Prediction Center. 99 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Storm Prediction Center, "The Enhanced Fujita Scale," The Enhanced Fuiita Scale (EF Scale) (weather.gov). 138 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Table 41: Enhanced Fujita Scale for Tornadoes Fasted Quarter F-Scale Mile Wind Typical Impacts Speed FO 40-72 mph Some damage to chimney; breaks branches off trees; pushes over shallow -rooted trees; damages sign boards. Peels surface off roofs; mobile homes pushed off foundations F1 73-112 mph or overturned; moving autos pushed off roads; attached garages may be destoryed. Considerable damage. Roofs torn off frame houses; mobile F2 113-157 mph homes demolished; boxcars pushed over, large trees snapped or uprooted; light object missiles generated. F3 158-206 mph Roof and some walls torn off well constructed houses; trains overturned; most trees in forest uprooted. Well -constructed houses leveled; structures with weak 207-260 mph foundations blown off some distance; cars thrown and large missiles generated Strong frame houses lifted off foundations and carried El 61-318 mph considerable distances; automobile -sized missles fly through the air in excesss of 100 meters; trees debarked; steel rete structure%�d. Enhanced Sclae: Enhanced 3 Sec Wind Gust F-Scale Speed 65-85 n 86-110 r 111-135 136-165 166-200 Over 201 Tornadic events in Tarrant County during this planning period ranged from EFO (No Damage) to EF3 (Severe Damage) on the Enhanced Fujita Scale. Based on this, the range of tornado intensity that Tarrant County planning area and all its jurisdictions would be expected to mitigate ranges between weak tornadoes with low risk of damage to strong tornadoes with severe risk of damage. The highest likelihood of tornadoes can be expected in the spring season, from March to May. Figure 69 shows that there were 66 tornadoes during the spring between 1880 and 2024. 139 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN LA W 0 cc R C H 0 0 m .a E 0 z Number of Tornadoes by Month for Tarrant County Data: 1880-2024 iI Tornado Total: 110 NWS Fort Worth, TX I Last Updated: 1/27/2024 w M Number of Tornadoes 3� I I i I I I I I I I I 30- ---I -- -- --------------------------I-- I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 211 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 15 - I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I lI 1D- --- -- - --- ----------------I-- I I $ I I $ I I 6 5 -i -- - - J --- 9 Figure 69: Number of Tornadoes by Month, Tarrant County, 1950-2024100 According to Figure 70, 78% of the tornadoes in Tarrant County are classified as weak on the intensity scale (EFO-EF1), with the remaining 22% measured as Strong (EF2-EF3). 7i m 0 R c H 0 m .c E 0 z Number of Tornadoes by Intensity for Tarrant County Data: 1880-2024 it Tornado Total: 110 NWS Fort Worth, TX I Last Updated: 1/27/2024 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - T - - - - - - - - - - - -I - - - - - - - -- - - - -- - - - - - - Number of Tornadoes 30 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ -- _ _ _ _ _ - 35- - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -I- - - - 30- - - - - -- ------ -------- ----------'- 70 - - - - - - - -t - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - t ♦ s r c - - - 55- - ----------- -- - - -- -- r 15-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - -I- - - - - - 70 - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -I- - - - - - 35 - - - - - - - - - - - I -- --- - - -I -- - - - - - - - - - -I- - - - - - I 30 - - - - - - - 7 - - - - - - - - - - - 7 - - - - - - - - - - - -I- - - - - - >-5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - -I- - - - - - rD. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -I- - - - - - 15 - - - - - - - -I - - - - - - - - - - - -I- - - - - - 5 - - - - - - - - -i- - - - - - - - - - - -I- - - - - - 0 ea Strona 10en n nown (FIEFO-FIEF1) (FIEF2-FIEF3) (FIEF4-FIEF5) (EF-Unknown) Tornado Intensity Figure 70: Number of Tornadoes by Intensity, Tarrant County101 100 National Weather Service, last updated January 27, 2024. 101 Ibid. 140 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Most tornadoes occur in the afternoon and evening hours of the day; Figure 71 shows a high number of tornado occurrences between the hours of 1500 to 2000 (3 p.m. to 8 p.m.). Number of Tornadoes by Time of Day for Tarrant County Data: 1880-2024 iI Tornado Total: 110 NWS Fort Worth, TX it Last Updated: L127/2024 Number of Tornadoes I I I I I I I I I I I I I I i I I ss`�"�� •y6 ` I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I m 1.13 ,06 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 142 I I I I I q I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I H 10_I—I c 9 y I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 5 L-L-L-L-1-1- -1--i -I--I 4 4 1 1 4 3 3 1 +n 3 nl�: I1 O y ! 3 d h b 1 lb 9 y0 y, Q, y3 ya yh ,P tit y$, yq do y'y P, yP Time (Local Standard Time) Figure 71: Time of Tornado Occurrence, Tarrant County, 1950-2024102 102 Ibid. 141 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Figure 72 shows tornado tracks between 1950 and 2024. The strongest tornadoes in Tarrant County were EF3. Westlake 0 ,es• Haslet Or • Southlake / • Keller Grapevine O r Az e • d 2� •r O • Colleyville ❑ O • Saginaw / Watauga North Blue • nd ;chland Mound Bedford ,Euless Hurst Haltom Lakeside Lake Worth City Richland O • O • O • Hills O 1iRiver Oaks • • • �WV, aoe�rth Fort Worth • �g O O • l� r Arlington O • O Pa tenten go • • Dalwort� h g on� Gardens Benbrook •� Edgecliff Forest Village ill n Kennedale • Everman 06 • Crowley • • Mansfield r O Legend Magnitude O FO Historical Tornadoes - Paths and Start Point N G F1 O F2 ,A\ . \ (� IEM GEO Tarrant County er �'I 0 2.5 monczzlmm=Mi •, ♦ x• �'• Source: NOAA, 2024 Figure 72: Tornado Tracks, Tarrant County, 1880-2024 142 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Between 2019 and 2024 there were 14 recorded tornadoes in Tarrant County, according to Figure 73. Nine of those occurred in 2022. 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Il I1 11I11 11I11 1I 11 1I 11 1I 11 1I11 1I 11 1I 11 11 1l II II 1l lllllll IIIIIIIIII II TI ITI 1T1 ITI ITI ITI FFI FFI FFI TT I FF I Tr I F1 I TT I TT I TT I TT I T11 T1 IT ITI 1T1 1T1 ITI FFI FFI FFI -Tii1 1 Fl l TT T1 1 H I+1I+iI+II+II+IF+II+IF+I HIF+l 41 HJI+IH H I+iI+1I+1I+i1+11+1I+1I+ll I I I++�I I I I Figure 73: Number of Tornadoes by Year, Tarrant County,1880-2024111 103 Ibid. 143 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN National Weather Service Fort Worth/Dallas Tornado Climatology 1880-2024 Tornado Count By County Last Updated: 6/22/2024 27 Jack 26 Stephens Palo 33 61 Hoad Alarl Jol ppplr'Erath Somervell. 4-1 Comanche 40 Rospue 29 Hamilton -� 15 " ."Millsir• 39 Carvell Lampasas , Delta 37 " P 64 Hopkins Hunt 19 20 80 ckwall — Rains 40 41 KautmarVan -Za ndt L1- 39 6d Henderson ? 36 1 17 "Anderson 36 Freestone 20 23 Falls Leon / f$> 17 r 23 Warn Figure 74: Number of Tornadoes in Tarrant and Surrounding Counties, 1880-2024 Figure 74 shows the total number of tornadoes that have occurred in each county in the region since 1880. Tarrant County has the second highest number of occurrences at 110. The neighboring Johnson County to the south has had 112 tornadoes, and Dallas County to the east has had 109. Previous Historical Occurrences The historical data were reported to NCEI, the Storm Prediction Center at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the Spatial Hazard Events and Losses Database (SHELDLIS). It should be noted that only reported tornadoes are included; many tornadoes likely go unreported. Figure 75 reflects historic events by county that are ranked by order of severity, and Figure 76 identifies historic losses by county. According to the National Climatic Data Center, tornadoes have caused more than $17.52 million in property damage in Tarrant County since 2015, with zero crop damage reported. 144 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 0 High Law Figure 75: Frequency of Tornadoes in Texas Counties104 104 2023 Texas Division of Emergency Management. National Centers for Environmental Information Storm Events Database. "Tornado: Historic Events by County," TDEM Website Files — State of Texas HMAP Update, txdem.shareDOint.com/sites/TDEMWebsiteFiles/SharedDocuments/Forms/AiIItems.asox?id=%2Fsites%2FTDEMWeb site Files%2FShared Documents%2FMitigation%2FState of Texas HMAP Update-10%2E27%2E23%2Epdf&paren t=%2Fsites%2FTDEMWebsiteFiles%2FSharedDocuments%2FMitigation&p=true&ga=1 (login required). 145 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN High Low Figure 76: Historical Losses from Tornadoes in Texas Counties, 2000-2021105 Between 2015 and 2022, there were 22 recorded tornadoes in Tarrant County. According to the National Climatic Data Center, tornadoes in Tarrant County have caused no deaths, 10 reported injuries, more than $17 million in property damage, and zero crop damage. Table 42 lists tornado events by date and location. Table 42: Historical Losses from Tornadoes, Tarrant County 2015-2022106 105 2023 Texas State Hazard Mitigation Plan, txdem.sharepoint.com/sites/TDEMWebsiteFiles/Shared Documents/Forms/AII Items.aspx?id=%2Fsites%2FTDEMWebsiteFiles%2FShared Documents%2FMitigation%2FState of Texas HMAP Update - 10%2E27%2E23%2Epdf&parent=%2Fsites%2FTDEMWebsiteFiles%2FShared Documents%2FMitigation&p=true&qa=1. 106 National Weather Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, "The Enhanced Fujita Scale (EF Scale)," The Enhanced Fujita Scale (EF Scale) (weather.gov). 146 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Location Date Time Magni- Deaths Injuries Property Crop tude Damage Damage Benbrook Lake 03/08/2016 08:03 EFO 0 0 $330K $0 (non -participant) Hicks (non- 03/23/2016 20:08 EFO 0 0 $90K $0 participant) Mansfield 01/15/2017 20:13 EFO 0 0 $75K $0 Hicks (non- 03/29/2017 01:08 EFO 0 0 $300K $0 participant) Fort Worth Blue 03/29/2017 01:10 EFO 0 0 $100K $0 Mound Airport Fort Worth 05/29/2019 12:19 EFO 0 0 $5K $0 Saginaw Airport Keller Alta Vista 5/29/2019 12:31 EF1 0 0 $100K $0 Airport Eagle Mountain 06/16/2019 13:58 EFU* 0 0 $0 $0 Lake(non- participant) Keller Alta Vista 06/16/2019 14:25 EFO 0 0 $150K $0 Airport Arlington 06/16/2019 14:25 EF1 0 0 $200K $0 Johnsons Station 11/24/2020 20:51 EF2 0 5 $0 $0 (non -participant) Benbrook Lake 03/21/2022 16:31 EFOO 0 0 $0 $0 (non -participant) River Oaks 03/21/2022 16:37 EFO 0 0 $0 $0 Euless 03/21/2022 17:12 EFO 0 0 $20K $0 Westover Hills 12/13/2022 08:10 EFO 0 0 $50K $0 (non -participant) Lake Worth 12/13/2022 08:14 EF1 0 0 $1 K $0 Fort Worth 12/13/2022 08:18 EFO 0 0 $1 K $0 Meacham Airport Smithfield (non- 12/13/2022 08:34 EF1 0 0 $0 $0 participant) Grapevine 12/13/2022 08:42 EF1 0 5 $0 $0 Grapevine 12/13/2022 08:49 EF1 0 0 $0 $0 Totals: 0 10 $17.52M $0 Note: EFU = Unknown scale (used when damage does not clearly indicate an EF category and does not cause iniuries or fatalities) Tornadoes have impacted Tarrant County and its surrounding jurisdictions in the past and will continue to do so. Between 1950 and 2022, NOAA recorded 108 tornadoes in Tarrant County. 147 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Selected events since 2017 with some details/descriptions are listed below. The events listed exclude any that did not cause property damage, injuries, or deaths. • May 29, 2019: On this date, a cold front resulted in many scattered thunderstorms across the region. Many of the storms were severe and produced damaging tornadoes. An EFO tornado with maximum winds estimated at 80 mph formed near the Villages of Eagle Mountain subdivision, causing damage to one home. The tornado tracked east-northeast between W Bailey Boswell Road and WJ Boaz Road to a neighborhood, causing damage to trees and tree branches. The tornado continued to North Saginaw Blvd (US 287/81), damaging business signs and bending power poles. It moved east- northeast and dissipated between East Bailey Boswell Road and Darlington Trail without causing further damage. Total property damage was estimated at $5,000. On this same date, a brief EF1 tornado occurred in North Fort Worth in the Heritage neighborhood. Most of the damage occurred on Heritage Trace Parkway in an approximately eight -block area. Approximately 30 homes were damaged, with two homes reporting minor damage. There was significant tree damage, roof cover loss, and broken windows. The tornado began near Burst Drive (east of Old Denton Road) and dissipated three minutes later near Kimball Drive. The tornado's maximum sustained winds were estimated at 90 mph. • June 16, 2019: Thunderstorms erupted an outflow boundary between the Red River and the Interstate 20 corridor when a disturbance moved from the northwest. The storms produced significant wind damage and a few brief tornadoes as they moved southeast through the DFW Metroplex. Severe weather reports continued as storms pushed southeasterly into Central and East Texas. An EFO tornado with maximum winds of 85 mph was found on an NWS survey. The tornado began in the Crawford Farms Subdivision on the west end of Aldersyde Drive, tracked east for about one and one - quarter miles, lifting just east of the Vista Meadows subdivision. There was damage to roofs, windows, and siding on many single-family homes. Tree limbs were blown off mostly Bradford pear trees. The most considerable damage was reported to one home on Sourwood Drive that had more than 20% of its roof decking removed, broken windows, and a garage door damaged. The damage was consistent with a high end EFO tornado having winds of 85 mph. This tornado caused property damage of $150,000. The NWS survey team confirmed that a brief tornado occurred in the neighborhood east of Collins Street in Arlington. The pattern of the damage indicated a brief EF1 tornado that dissipated before extending to the AT&T Stadium and Globe Life Park area. A few neighborhood homes had significant loss of roofing, and several trees snapped. Additional damage in Arlington resulted from straight-line winds of 60-70 mph. • November 24, 2020: During the evening, a line of storms moved through the 1 NW Johnsons Station into the ESE Arlington region. The storms intensified as they reached the 1-35 corridor, and a quasi - linear convection system tornado occurred in Arlington. This tornado was rated EF2 because of the amount of roof damage to an apartment complex. The EF2 tornado produced mostly EFO and EF1 damage with a small area of EF2 damage reported. Five non -life -threatening injuries were reported along the tornado path. There was sporadic damage to trees, siding, fences, and roofs toward the 148 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN end of the tornado's path. Fannin County had notable wind damage related to the line of storms. The maximum winds in this tornado were around 115 mph. • March 21, 2022: On this date, a strong shortwave trough aided in the development of scattered to many thunderstorms during the late morning, afternoon, and evening hours. Thunderstorms initially fired along a dryline, many became severe, and some produced strong tornadoes. According to storm survey teams, 17 tornadoes occurred. The strongest winds reported were related to the EF3 Jacksboro tornado. One death was caused by a tornado in Grayson County near the Red River. According to damage survey, surveillance video, and Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA) radar data, a brief EFO tornado passed across the Dutch Branch arm of Lake Benbrook at approximately 5:31 p.m. on March 21, 2022. The tornado moved across a marina where a floating marina cover lifted off and destroyed or caused damage to several boats and one shoreline tree. The maximum winds were estimated at 85 mph. On this same date, an EFO tornado with peak winds of 85 MPH struck the City of Euless as confirmed by damage survey and Doppler radar data. The damage path was sporadic, beginning on Ector Drive and tracking toward the northeast, with the most considerable damage being noted along Milam Drive and Harris Drive. Most damage consisted of tree limbs down and a few larger trees being blown over. Structural damage was minimal and related to trees downed on homes. The damage path ended near the intersection of Harwood Drive and North Euless Main. The tornado was on the ground no longer than about two minutes as suggested by radar data. $20,000 in property damage occurred. • December 13, 2022: On this date, a tornado outbreak occurred, resulting in 16 tornadoes across the northern half of the Central Weather Advisory and along and north of Interstate 20. Four tornadoes were rated EF2. Nine people sustained non -life -threatening injuries, and most of the reported injuries were caused by the Grapevine tornado in Tarrant County. Tennis -ball -sized hail was reported from one storm in Rockwall County. A supercell embedded in the line of storms moved into the White Settlement area in far northwestern Fort Worth area around 8:00 a.m. with a tornado developing near the Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base Fort Worth control tower. The tornado traced northeast, damaging a fitness facility and trees along its path. Maximum sustained winds were reported at 75 mph. Property damage of $50,000 was reported. This parent mesocyclone that hit the Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base continued moving to the northeast and developed another tornado that mainly impacted Marion Sansom Park, crossed Roberts Cutoff Road, and eventually dissipated upon entering the city of Samson Park. Some damage occurred to trees and fences. Maximum winds were estimated at 105 mph, and $1,000 in property damage was reported. On the same date, a brief EFO tornado crossed the train tracks at a railyard east of Blue Mound Road and north of Meacham Blvd. The tornado knocked over some rail cars and resulted in a few broken branches east of the railyard. Property damage equal to $1,000 resulted. Maximum winds were estimated at approximately 70 mph. In addition, an EF1 tornado moved through Grapevine near Ira E Woods Avenue, south of Highway 114. This tornado resulted in significant roof damage of businesses, downed power poles, and damage to trees and residential roof shingles along its path. The tornado continued to move near the 149 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN intersection of Northwest Highway and North Dove Road, damaging a car wash, a restaurant, and two Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Units (HVACs) at Grapevine Middle School. Additional roof and garage door damage occurred at the Grapevine Service Center. A small truck overturned. The tornado continued through a residential area, causing minor damage to several trees and roofs there and to several large trees at the Grapevine Cemetery. The tornado continued to weaken and dissipated but still downed power poles and damaged trees, near the Glass Cactus on the Gaylord Texan Resort property. Five injuries were reported from this tornado. Maximum winds were estimated at 110 mph. Probability of Future Events Tornadoes may occur at any time of day or night, but they typically occur more frequently in the late afternoon and evening hours during spring months. A smaller, high -frequency period can occur in the fall during the brief transition between the warm and cold seasons. According to a review of historical records, Tarrant County and its participating jurisdictions experience a tornado touchdown approximately once every year. The frequency of these instances is supportive that Tarrant County and all its participating jurisdictions will continue to have a "Likely" probability of tornado events.107 Older structures that were not built under updated guidelines will experience a higher impact from tornadoes in the future. Impact of Climate Trends and Variations Prediction of the effect of frequency and power of tornadoes based on climate change is challenging. Meteorologists must rely on the conditions that increase the likelihood of tornado production. Scientists must rely on how climate change affects the development of temperature and wind flow patterns in the atmosphere that produce the following: (1) warm, moist air; (2) atmospheric instability; (3) lift; and (4) wind shear (i.e., wind at diverse levels moving in different directions at different speeds) for tornadic thunderstorms.108 As global temperatures rise, the hotter atmosphere will hold more moisture, thereby creating atmospheric instability —a vital supercell ingredient. A second vital ingredient is wind shear, which is likely to decrease. These two forces oppose and work against each other. It is difficult to anticipate which of these two opposing forces will have the larger impact on tornado formation. The outbreak of tornadoes has coincided with the rise of ocean temperatures, although it is not certain whether this is a contributing factor to the tornadic events.101 107 2023 Texas State Hazard Mitigation Plan, "Appendix A: County Hazard Summary Data," txdem.sharei)oint.com/sites/TDEMWebsiteFiles/SharedDocuments/Forms/All Items.aspx?id=%2Fsites%2FTDEMWeb siteFiles%2FShared Documents%2FMitigation%2FState of Texas HMAP Update-10%2E27%2E23%2 Epdf&parent=%2Fsites%2FTDEMWebsiteFiles%2FShared Documents%2FMitigation&p=true&qa=1. 108 Texas A&M University College of Arts & Sciences, "Why Tornadoes Are Still Hard To Forecast, Even Though Storm Predictions Are Improving," Why Tornadoes Are Still Hard To Forecast, Even Though Storm Predictions Are Improving I Texas A&M University College of Arts and Sciences (tamu.edu). 109 National Geographic. "Tornadoes and Climate Change," Tornadoes and Climate Change (nationalgeographic.org). 150 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Some studies suggest that climate change could lead to the formation of more severe thunderstorms. This does not necessarily indicate an increase in tornadoes, as only about 20% of supercell thunderstorms cause tornado formation. Adding to the complexity, the exact process of tornado formation is not yet fully understood. Vulnerability Assessment An area's wind vulnerability is determined primarily by its topography, surface roughness, and proximity to the sea. Many factors can exacerbate the effects of wind across an area, including the angle of incidence between a house and the onrushing winds. Damage may occur to the roofs, walls, and windows of structures. Common vulnerability to wind damage includes but is not limited to: • Neighborhood construction materials • City planning and layout • Distance to sea or large open areas • Nearby trees, hills, and shoreline vegetation10 Tornadoes can impact all buildings, facilities, and populations in the entire planning area of Tarrant County. Tornadoes often cross jurisdictional boundaries, so all participating jurisdictions can be affected. Damage produced by tornadoes is commonly due to high wind velocity, wind-blown debris, lightning, and large hail. Tornadoes can move in any direction, although they usually move from southwest to northeast. Because tornadoes can move in random directions, form at different strengths, and create relatively narrow paths of destruction, it is difficult to assess the vulnerability of humans and property. Structures including manufactured homes, recreational vehicles (RVs), homes on crawlspaces (which are more susceptible to lift), and structures with large spans (including shopping malls, gymnasiums, and factories), are more vulnerable to tornadic damage. Based on historical damage in Tarrant County, these types of structures, as well as power lines and poles, trees, and business signage, are vulnerable to damage. Figure 77 shows the locations of mobile home and RV parks in Tarrant County. 10 1 First Street: "Does Tarrant County Have Wind Risk?" Tarrant County, TX Hurricane Map and Climate Risk Report I First Street. 151 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN l Azle Legend Mobile Home Park o d Haslet Q Keller Scuthlake Grapevine g ❑ Colleyville V Saginaw MoBlnd��� Watauga North R'chl �d Bedford Euless ' ji Haltom Hurst S- eaKesioe City Lake Worth aRichland 6'. es River Oaks Westwarth� a -Villa`ge�s Fort Worth o t� C Arlington (a® J Papa g 4-Dalworthington Gardens ens Edgecliff [Forest Hilllot Village] w �Kennedale Everman p 0 9, Crowley 4 Mansfield Mobile Horne Parks ©IEM. GEO Tarrant County N A 0 3 5 :r Mi y / S.—: L[PLD, 202i Figure 77: Locations of Mobile Home Parks in Tarrant County ESTIMATED IMPACT AND POTENTIAL LOSSES The entire County of Tarrant can be considered at risk of tornadoes including the population, all critical facilities, buildings (commercial and residential), and infrastructure. The NRI is a comprehensive dataset and online tool designed to effectively highlight the U.S. communities most susceptible to natural hazards. FEMA meticulously developed this index in collaboration with a diverse range of stakeholders and partners across academia as well as local, state, and federal government entities. Leveraging available data on natural hazards and CRFs, the NRI aims to establish a baseline relative risk assessment for each county and census tract. Noteworthy CRFs 152 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN considered in this assessment include social vulnerability, derived from data collected during the decennial U.S. Census. It is important to note that a higher social vulnerability score correlates with a higher risk score. Estimates of the EAL from tornadoes provides authorities with vital information into financial risks associated with tornado damage including infrastructure damage, population, and agricultural losses. Tornadoes can cause significant damage to infrastructure, buildings, and crops in Tarrant County. The total loss estimate for property and agriculture in Tarrant County was $44,569,151, with an approximate total annual loss of $125,485,646 (Table 43). Table 43: Potential Annualized Losses, Tarrant County & Jurisdictions"' Jurisdiction Tarrant County Building Value Dollars $44,568,536 Agriculture Value U.S. Dollars $615 Total Annual Loss Estimates U.S. Dollars $125,485,646 Arlington $104,376 $0 $331,391 Azle $77,212 $0 $207,902 Bedford $56,182 $0 $192,288 Benbrook $74,566 $3 $252,777 Blue Mound $239,919 $0 $579,300 Colleyville $249,864 $0 $511,568 Dalworthington Gardens $90,440 $0 $192,159 Edgecliff Village $57,344 $0 $209,760 Euless $68,954 $0 $303,971 Everman $83,254 $0 $330,872 Forest Hill $48,403 $0 $218,926 Fort Worth $472,072 $0 $726,810 Grapevine $257,338 $0 $438,006 Haltom City $65,504 $0 $233,750 Haslet $273,790 $25 $568,417 Hurst $97,100 $0 $308,391 Keller $137,188 $0 $334,432 Kennedale $115,455 $1 $348,386 Lake Worth $128,952 $0 $298,643 Mansfield $155,021 $4 $408,436 111 National Risk Index, "Tarrant County & Jurisdictions." 153 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Jurisdiction North Richland Hills Building Dollars $51,032 U.S. Dollars $0 Estimates U.S. Dollars $174,282 River Oaks $104,164 $0 $380,622 Saginaw $239,919 $0 $579,300 Southlake $192,941 $0 $368,193 Watauga $62,171 $0 $233,017 Westworth Village $71,370 $0 $174,877 Dallas —Fort Worth International Airport $177,301 $1 $177,814 North Central Texas Council of Governments (NCTCOG) $230,747 $0 $320,113 Lakeside $150,546 $6 $419,196 West Lake $116,198 $0 $466,088 University of North Texas $193,315 $102 $657,739 University of Texas at Arlington $510,281 $0 $740,878 Tornado events in Tarrant County could have serious consequences for the community. Particularly vulnerable groups include the elderly, people with disabilities, and young children. The population may experience injuries or death due to tornadic action. Damage may occur to infrastructure roofs, walls, and windows in both residential and commercial structures. Infrastructure such as roads, buildings, utilities, and water supplies, also is at risk. Additional damage may occur to trees and vegetation. Agriculture may suffer from crop damage and loss of livestock. According to the National Structure Inventory, 7,368 residences in Tarrant County are manufactured homes. Manufactured homes and mobile homes cannot withstand the force of strong tornado winds and are not a safe shelter during a tornado, including EF-1 tornadoes. On average, 72% of all tornado -related fatalities occur in homes, and 54% of those fatalities are in mobile homes even though mobile homes only make up 6% of the overall housing stock. Residents in mobile homes are 15-20 times as likely to be killed compared to permanent homes. Even well-built manufactured homes can be destroyed if they become airborne.12 VULNERABLE POPULATIONS According to the Center for Disease Control/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Social Vulnerability Index, Tarrant County is 52% less vulnerable in comparison to other counties in Texas. This data was based on 120 variables related to public health including the Texas Department of State Health Services, the U.S. Census Bureau and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The study found 12 National Weather Service, Severe Weather Preparedness Week. "Mobile Home/Manufactured Home Tornado Safety." https://www.weather.aov/man/swpw mhsafety. 154 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN that the most influential factor in determining vulnerability was race and ethnicity. Tarrant County was listed as 68% more vulnerable compared to other Texas counties. Other vulnerability groups include the elderly, those with pre-existing medical conditions, children, individuals with mental, physical or communication disabilities, and those who are socioeconomically disadvantaged. These people are more susceptible to tornado impact, injuries, and even death due to poor mobility and decreased ability to respond rapidly to tornado warnings or evacuate. Other barriers include the lack of a safe place to go during tornadoes. )evelopment Trends Tarrant County has experienced a remarkable development trend in recent years. Tarrant County is ranked as the 15th most populous county in the United States and the third most populous in Texas.1' This growth includes greater commercial and residential and infrastructure construction to support the increasing population. This increased density in population, infrastructure and development is likely to increase the region's vulnerability to tornadoes. The county has experienced commercial and residential growth during recent years. One report indicates that Dallas —Fort Worth (DFW) was number two in the U.S. in 2022 in commercial and multifamily construction starts. According to the U.S. Census, the population of Tarrant County increased from 1,809,034 in 2010 to 2,110,640 in 2020. The estimated population percentage increase was 3.4% (from 2,110,640 in April 2020 to an estimated 2,182,947 in July 2023).14 The growing population and development in the planning area increase the county's vulnerability. Tarrant County is responsively considering climate -resilient design and construction practices to mitigate the impact of tornadoes. This includes planning and layout of buildings, because dense neighborhoods and nearness to commercial structures can produce higher debris vulnerability. Overall, while development trends in Tarrant County continue to show growth and expansion, stakeholders should consider the potential effects tornadoes and implement strategies to ensure resilient development setting building standards and regulations for new structure sand retrofitting older buildings to mitigate against tornado damage. COMMUNITY LIFELINES Tornadoes affect all FEMA community lifelines. They threaten public safety and security, strain emergency response and communication systems, and disrupt food and water supply chains. Besides the risk of injuries and fatalities, tornadoes can have disastrous effects on medical and healthcare services and delivery. All aspects of infrastructure, including transportation and energy (power and fuel), may be 13 Fort Worth Chamber of Commerce, "State of the County Highlights Tarrant County's Growth and Potential," State of the County Highlights Tarrant County's Growth and Potential - FWC (fortworthchamber.com). "' United States Census, "Quick Facts Tarrant County, Texas; United States," U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: United States. 155 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN affected. Because tornado paths can be random, there is increased risk of compromise to hazardous materials. iiTi : 1 -Af ape `and Fund, Hydration, ic�llh inc Enrrgy sKudty Shelter Maraca Gnnorh F, II 1� Dim 4 Wnter Transpor}aHun M�9� �onnunsanm s Sysleets Figure 78: FEMA Community Lifelines VULNERABILITY SCORE The NRI provides risk scores and ratings based on data including EAL due to natural hazards, social vulnerability, and community resilience. The NRI considers elements such as exposure to natural hazards, population, infrastructure susceptibility, and the ability to rebound from their effects. Higher vulnerability scores are indicative of more significant risk and potential for loss or damage during natural disasters. These scores can be helpful by increasing communities' resilience in preparation of natural hazards, helping to adapt to changing conditions and recovering more quickly. The risk rating for Tarrant County is at the 98.82nd percentile, which is higher than the 97.60th percentile rank for all counties in Texas. The risk overview includes EAL, social vulnerability, and community resilience. Figure 79 provides the Tornado risk rating and overall NRI risk rating and compares them to the overall risk rating of the State of Texas. 156 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Risk Index is Relatively High Score 98.8 c �cc Expected Annual Loss is Relatively High SCOre 98.8 c 1co Social Vulnerability is Relatively High Score 74.8 6 1co Community Resilience is Relatively Low Score 26.3 6 1c0 Figure 79: National Risk Index Data for Tornadoes, Tarrant County1' The risk rating for Tarrant County is at the 98.82nd percentile, which signifies a "High Level" of risk and is higher than the 97.60th percentile ranking of all counties in Texas. In addition, the following information should be noted: • Tarrant County received an EAL score at the 98.8th percentile, which shows a substantial potential for financial loss due to natural disasters. • Tarrant County received a Social Vulnerability score at the 74.8th percentile, which is "Relatively High" and suggests that it may face difficulties recovering from natural disasters. This could be attributed to poverty, inadequate access to healthcare, and limited infrastructure. • Tarrant County received a Community Resilience score at the 26.3rd percentile, suggesting that the community may struggle to recover effectively from a natural hazard. This indicates that the community might have limited resources, infrastructure, and capacity to withstand and bounce back from the impacts of a natural disaster. This could lead to prolonged recovery times, increased vulnerability, and difficulty restoring normalcy after the event. In conclusion, communities with a high risk index, high EAL, high social vulnerability, and low community resilience are particularly susceptible to the devastating outcomes of hazardous events. When such events occur, these communities will likely experience severe damage to infrastructure, homes, and public services, leading to a significant economic impact. The high social vulnerability of the community means that the residents may struggle to cope with the aftermath, facing challenges such as limited access to healthcare, resources, and support systems. In addition, low community resilience may hinder the community's ability to recover and rebuild, thus prolonging the community's recovery process and exacerbating the long-term social and economic impacts. 15 FEMA. National Risk Index (NRI), "Tarrant County," Community Report — Tarrant County, Texas I National Risk Index (fema.aov). 157 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Table 44: Tornado Index Score, Tarrant County Table 45: Tornado Risk Factor Breakdown *Note: CRF = Community Risk Factor, EAL = expected annual loss Based on NRI data, the 99.91" percentile rating is considered "Very High," indicating that there is a high likelihood of the occurrence of tornado events in Tarrant County. Communities face multiple risk factors related to tornadoes, including injuries and even fatalities related to damaged buildings and flying debris. People in motor homes, RVs, and older built structures that may not be up to current code are most at risk of injury by tornadoes. Community losses may include loss of homes and businesses. Infrastructure damage to buildings, transportation, electricity, water, gas, and other services may occur. Area healthcare systems can be strained because of tornadoes. Agriculture also may be impacted by tornadic activity resulting in loss of crops and livestock. Ultimately, tornadoes may cause significant direct and indirect economic losses. In conclusion, it is imperative that communities take steps to mitigate against the harm that tornadoes can inflict. This may include establishing easily accessible tornado shelters and safe rooms, using tornado - resistant materials and incorporating tornado resistance into building codes and development planning. It is also very important to offer public education and outreach to the community, particularly to vulnerable population groups, about the risks and safety measures associated with tornado events. Developing early warning systems and emergency planning coordination also are important mitigation steps. 158 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Wildfire Wildfire, or wildland fire, is any fire occurring on grassland, forest, or prairie, regardless of ignition source, damage, or benefits. Wildfires are fueled almost exclusively by natural vegetation. Interface or intermix fires are urban/wildland fires in which vegetation and the built environment provide fuel. Firestorms are events of such extreme intensity that effective suppression is virtually impossible. Firestorms occur during extreme weather and generally burn until conditions change, or the available fuel is exhausted. Location and Extent For the purposes of this hazard analysis, wildfires are assessed under what is known as the wildland— urban interface (WUI). The WUI is an area of development that is susceptible to wildfires due to the number of structures in an area with vegetation that can act as fuel for a wildfire. The WUI creates an environment in which fire can move readily between structural and vegetation fuels. The expansion of these areas has increased the likelihood that wildfires will threaten structures and people. Figure 80 shows the WUI for Tarrant County and indicates areas with a higher concentration of houses that meet or intermix with wildland fuels. This WUI dataset is derived from the Where People Live dataset and LandScan USA population counts. Non -burnable areas (interior urban areas) are removed from the Where People Live dataset as these are not expected to be directly impacted by wildfire. For the Tarrant County project area, it is estimated that 513,970 people or 28.7% of the total project area population of 1,789,634 live in the WUI.16 16 Texas Wildland Risk Assessment Summary Report, Texas A&M Forest Service. Report generated 09/17/2024. www.texaswildfirerisk.com. 159 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Legend Impact Rating Less than I house/40acres Potential Impact on People and Homes N 1 house/40 acres to 1 ho°se/20 (Wildland Urban Interface) - 1 house/20 acres [0 1 houseA 1 house/10 acres to 1 house/5 acre, ,-w• \\\\\` F 1 house/5 acres to 1 house/2 acres 1 house/2 acres to 3 houses/acre - Greater than 3 houses/acre 0 2.5 5 ©IEM GEO Tarrant County F �Mi ♦ y ,J Source: TA&M, 2024 Figure 80: Wildland—Urban Interface Map of Tarrant County Wildfires can cause significant damage to property and threaten the lives of people who are unable to evacuate WUI areas. All improved property, critical facilities, and critical structures and infrastructure in these wildfire -prone areas are considered vulnerable and can be exposed to this hazard. Jurisdictions that are not at risk of wildfires include Bedford, Blue Mound, Forest Hill, Lake Worth, Saginaw, Watauga, and Westworth Village due to their urbanized landscape and short fire department response time. The surface fuels in the region are primarily grasses, with some areas of shrub and hardwood litter, which contribute to a moderate to high characteristic rate of spread when fires occur. 160 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Wildfire Threat is the likelihood of a wildfire occurring or burning into an area. It is derived from characteristics including fuels, fire behavior, historical fires, historical weather observations, and terrain conditions. It is also called the Wildland Fire Susceptibility Index, which combines the probability of a wildfire igniting and the expected final fire size. Areas of higher wildfire threat are shown in Figure 81. Over 240,000 acres (42% of total acres) in Tarrant County are in moderate to high wildfire threat areas. "' Although there have been many ignitions, Tarrant County does not classify wildfires as a hazard until they are 25 acres or larger. This is the point at which mutual aid agreements might be used to call in outside help. "' Ibid. 161 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Legend Threat of Wildfire = Non Burnable - 1 (Low) �2 3 (Moderate) 4 5 (High) - 6 e,(SEagina,wM HasletVA [� Southlake Keller E Azle Colleyville Watauga North Blue Richlandound Bedford E Haltom Hurst Lakeside City �Lake rW Richland U -_& Hills River Oaks a� Westworth� FortWo th 4�� Villages ❑ g ( Arlington Pa ten go Dalwort g on Gardens Benbrook Edgecliff Forest Village) Hill Kennedale Eve man 0 4 _ Crowley gT * Mansfield Wildland Fire Susceptibility Index ©IEM. GEO Tarrant County .,,N\\\ 0 2. i "l A&11,2024 Figure 81: Levels of Threat of Wildfire in Tarrant County Drevious "istorical Occurrences There were no reports of a wildfire event in Tarrant County from November 1, 2018, to the writing of this plan, according to NCEI. The Texas Wildfire Risk Assessment Portal also indicates no wildfires were reported since 2018. 1,913 wildfires were reported between 2005 and 2016 that burned a total of 11,047 acres.' B Wildfires have been most frequent in the month of January but occur year-round. "$ Ibid. 162 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN I Number of Wildfires Reported per Month by Agency Zoos - 21121 Jai Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nor 1— J., Feb Mer Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oc Nw 0— Local 4382 163 153 80 91 96 202 212 103 Ill 27 160 Stele 3 1 3 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 2 1 Figure 82: Number of Wildfires Reported by Month between 2005 and 2021 163 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 77 Haslft Q W4 IBlue ■ Mound i Hall r L"ake Wort i River Oaks '_Westwcrl: F.,"tWorth village tbroak Edgedliff F Villag' e� l? 1 :� E 1)2 j So-ithlake 11 Keller Grape Col leyvil le tauga North Richland Euless Bedford Hurst Richland Hills ■ Arlington ■ Pantego Dalworthington ' Gardens Kenncdale 0 Mansfield ; Legend Acres Burned 1 - i0c Acres Burned N 101-2.00 2005 - 2021 A 201 - 00 ■ y 401-600 601 - 800 ' -c&jv .... ?-' N, - 801 - 1,200 ©1EM. GE4 � � _ ° 1,201 - 1,618 Tarrant County Ni; Figure 83: Acres Burned by Wildfires in Tarrant County, 2005-2021 Probability of Future Events Figure 84 indicates Tarrant County's assessment of wildfire risk on the Texas Wildfire Risk Assessment Portal. Tarrant County has minimal direct wildfire impacts in the more urbanized areas, but ranges to moderate to high wildfire risk closer to the perimeter of the county.1I In Texas, local governments are empowered to take action on behalf of those they serve. When drought conditions exist, a burn ban can "I Texas A&M Fire Service, 2024, "Tarrant County Fire Risk Map", Texas Wildfire Risk Assessment Portal. 164 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN be put in place by a county judge or the county commissioners court prohibiting or restricting outdoor burning for public safety. Tarrant County is not currently under a burn ban.1 ' i I i i t � I ! i I � i I i Minimal Direct Wildfire Impacts Figure 84: Map of the Risk of Fire in Tarrant County121 The 2023 Texas SHMP states that wildfire probability depends on local weather conditions, topographic factors, and existing fuels, such as natural vegetation. Outdoor activities, such as camping, debris burning, and construction, can affect the number and the extent of wildfires. Wildfires can cause widespread property damage, significant injuries, fatalities, and substantial forest industry impacts. Wildfires can occur at any time of year under the right conditions. As jurisdictions across the state move into wildland, the potential area of occurrence of wildfire increases. With eight events in a 19-year period, an event in Tarrant County, including all participating jurisdictions, is highly likely, meaning that an event is probable in the next year. Impact on Uimate Trends and Variations Wildfire risk in Tarrant County, Texas, is increasingly influenced by climate trends and variations, with rising temperatures, prolonged droughts, and shifting weather patterns contributing to heightened wildfire potential. Historically, the county has experienced dry periods that, when combined with high winds and dry vegetation, create ideal conditions for wildfires to ignite and spread. Climate change is projected to worsen these trends, with more frequent heatwaves and extended periods of low rainfall drying out vegetation and increasing fire risk. Seasonal variations, particularly during the hot summer months, further elevate the wildfire threat as high temperatures and low humidity create a conducive environment for fires. Vulnerability Assessment Wildfires can occur at any time of year. The potential area for the occurrence of wildfires increases in jurisdictions away from the urban center and closer to undeveloped wildlands. Periods of drought, dry 120 Fire Danger: Texas Burn Bans. Texas A&M Forest Service. 2024. https://tfsweb.tamu.edu/burnbans/. 121 Texas A&M Fire Service, 2024, "Tarrant County Fire Risk Map," Texas Wildfire Risk Assessment Portal. 165 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN conditions, high temperatures, and low humidity are factors that contribute to the occurrence of a wildfire event. Areas along railroads and people whose homes are in grass or woodland settings have an increased risk of being affected by wildfire. The heavily populated urban areas of Tarrant County are not likely to experience large, sweeping fires. Areas in the unincorporated areas of Tarrant County are more vulnerable, including rural areas. Unoccupied buildings and open spaces that have not been maintained have the greatest vulnerability to wildfire. Rural areas may have more spur or dead-end roads that may limit egress in a wildfire evacuation. IMPACT ON ASSETS Lifelines are the most fundamental services in the community that, when stabilized, enable all other aspects of society to function. Community lifelines are essential for the well-being of any community. They provide support and assistance to individuals who require help, especially during times of crisis. FEMA community lifelines are a critical component of emergency management in the United States. These lifelines are designed to address the essential needs of a community during and after a disaster. There are eight lifelines, each with its own focus and purpose (see Figure 85). (m 11i:21 1- . ca Sa* nd Fnd. Hy din t Nalth and rgy Sculily 4ecica 'Go aer h F-_cll iransporSAH]n Vm'.'r, s ^on• n�:n�mh°rs Sy�l��m Figure 85: Community Lifelines1 ' Wildfires pose a direct risk to many parts of the built environment, including homes and infrastructure. Wildfires can damage power lines and infrastructure, particularly in regions with overhead power lines running through forested areas. They can damage or destroy communications infrastructure, including cell towers and fiber optic cables, causing service disruptions and isolating communities."' ESTIMATED IMPACT AND POTENTIAL LOSSES The annualized loss value can be interpreted as the impact expected from wildfire in terms of annualized human losses and human injuries, and annualized property losses. The NRI (see Figure 86) shows that 122 FEMA, "Community Lifelines Toolkit 2.0." https:/https://www.femagov/sites/default/files/2020/sites/default/files/2020- 05/CommunityLifelinesToolkit2.0v2.pdf. 123 Ibid. 166 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Tarrant County has an EAL from wildfire of $4.2M, a relatively moderate rating compared with the rest of the United States, and a score of 95.8.124 Legend _ Wildfire Relatively Moderate Wildfire EAl ■ Very Nigh Score 95.8 Relatively High . Relatively Moderate Relatively Low`.iirtn d Ofl ❑ Very Low Adinglon —i NoExpeaed Expected Annual Loss $4.2M — Annual Losses m ❑ Not Applicable Exposure $1.9T Insufficient Data Expected Annual Lasso Frequency 0.091% chance per year • 5acial 4u1nerffiility Community Rexilience . Rek Index 3S' Historic Loss Ratio Very Low Figure 86: National Risk Index Data on Expected Annual Loss from Wildfire in Tarrant County — Map, Legend, and Score"' VULNERABLE POPULATIONS Social and economic factors have a direct impact on how people prepare for, respond to, and recover from wildfire. A lack of access to resources, along with cultural and institutional barriers and limited mobility, or medical conditions brought on by stress or smoke can increase the impact of wildfire on vulnerable populations. People 65 years or older with disabilities are more susceptible to air pollution and particulates associated with wildfire smoke. People with language barriers may find it difficult to follow directions during an evacuation or to access support after a disaster. Disparities in access to healthcare and disaster recovery aid and resources have been strongly correlated to race and ethnicity. People who live in poverty are disproportionately impacted by wildfires due to inadequate housing and limited financial resources to afford evacuation or relocation expenses. Tarrant County residents most vulnerable to wildfire live in areas near the WUI, with 60% of all properties (407,028 properties) at risk of wildfire over the next 30 years.126 Table 46 lists demographics on vulnerable populations in Tarrant County and Figure 87 shows census tracts where those populations reside in the county. 124 FEMA, National Risk Index, Tarrant County Wildfire Expected Annual Loss, Map I National Risk Index (fema.gov). 125 FEMA, National Risk Index, "Tarrant County Expected Annual Loss — Wildfire, Map, Legend and Score"', Map I National Risk Index (fema.gov). 126 FirstStreet.com, 2024, "Does Tarrant County Have Wildfire Risk?", https://firststreet.org/county/tarrant-county- tx/48439 fsid/fire. 167 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Table 46: Vulnerable Populations, Tarrant County, All Areas127 Vulnerable populations All areas in Tarrant County Indicator Number Percent Families in poverty 41,856 ±1,929 8.2% ±0.4% People with disabilities 206,377 ±4,231 9.8% ±0.2% People over 65 years 247,826 ±4,207 11.7% ±0.2% People under 5 years 138,410 ±4,116 6.5% ±0.2% People of color 1,186,346 ±21,988 56.1% ±1.1% Black 364,924 ±9,488 17.3% ±0.5% Native American 11,409 ±1,535 0.5% ±0.1% Hispanic 630,175 ±12,413 29.8% ±0.6% D i ffic u I ty- w i th English 105,213 ±4,135 5.3% ±0.2% HouseholdsWit h nacar 32,897 ±1,677 4.4% ±0.2% Mobile homes 13,924 ±1,317 1.8% ±0.2% E) Areas with vulnerable populations iwn Highlight areasthat rank above F the local median for: r 0 Limited English 0 People of color Under 5 years Pave rty r No car Mobile homes low Park 0 Disabilities Over 65 years ietta Nor iSouth List sorted by local rank. Top --------------- two selected by default. t Other areas 0 Census tract QCounty boundary - '-` -r Figure 87: Vulnerable Populations in Tarrant County"' 168 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN VULNERABILITY SCORE The NRI includes data on the EALs to individual natural hazards, historical loss, and overall risk at county and census tract levels. Based on the NRI, Tarrant County has a rating of relatively moderate and a score of 95.3 for wildfire, which is lower than the national percentile. -- Legend FF Wildfire Risk ■ Very High Relatively High I� Relatively rth Moderate Ariingtan Relatively Low Very Low No Rating Q Not Applicable — Insufficient Data dildfire Relatively Moderate Score 95.3 Figure 88: National Risk Index Data on Wildfire Risk, Tarrant County129 127 Wildfire Risk.org, 2024, "Vulnerable Populations Statistics -All Areas of Tarrant County Texas", Wildfire Risk to Communities. 128 Wildfire Risk.org, 2024, "Vulnerable Populations -Map of Tarrant County Texas", Wildfire Risk to Communities. 129 FEMA, National Risk Index, "Tarrant County Wildfire Score, Map and Legend."', Map I National Risk Index fema. ov . 169 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Winter Storms Winter storms originate as mid -latitude depressions or cyclonic weather systems, sometimes following the path of the jet stream. A winter storm or blizzard combines heavy snowfall, high winds, extreme cold, and ice storms. Many winter depressions give rise to exceptionally heavy rain and widespread flooding, and conditions worsen if the precipitation falls in the form of snow. The winter storm season varies widely, depending on latitude, altitude, and proximity to moderating influences. The time period of most winter weather is between November and March. Winter storms can affect the entire planning area. Location and Extent According to the National Weather Service (NWS), winters in Tarrant County are "generally mild, but [with] considerable temperature variability," in which cold fronts alternate with warming trends.130 The scale in Figure 89 was used to determine the extent of winter conditions. While the impacts of winter weather are relatively low, the risk of winter weather of any etiology is very high. Ice and Wind: < 15 15-25 25-35 > — 35 Radial Ice in Inches; Wind in Miles per mph mph mph mph Hour. 0.1 0— 0.25 0 1 2 3 inches 0.25 — 0.50 1 2 4 inches 4 0.50 — 0.75 2 inches 0.75 —1.00 4 a- inches 1.00-1.50 4 ®® inches > 1.50 inches Figure 89: Weather Conditions and the Levels of the Sperry—Piltz Ice Accumulation Index Cold snaps in which temperatures fall below the freezing point of 32 °F do happen every year in Tarrant County. Those that have occurred are listed in Table 47. 131 Dallas/Fort Worth Climate Narrative. Dallas/Fort Worth Climate Narrative (weather.gov). 170 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Table 47: Dallas/Fort Worth Freeze Data and Cold Season Temperatures, 2014-2024 Season First Equal Occurrence or Less Than: Low for Winter Last Equal Occurrence or Less Than: of (OF) Freezes 2023— November January 14 — 11 — January 20 February 15 2024 27 18 2022— November December — 11 — December March 19 21 2023 20 22 23 2021— December January 02 — 19 — February March 12 37 2022 12 05 2020— November30 February February —2 February February February 24 2021 14 14 16 19 20 2019— October 31 — — 22 — — February 21 2020 27 2018— November — — 21 — — March 06 28 2019 10 2017— December January 01 — 13 — January 18 February 25 2018 07 12 2016— December December — 14 — January 08 January 11 2017 08 18 08 2015— November — — 27 — — February 17 2016 22 26 2014— November January 08 — 16 — January 08 March 07 40 2015 12 Previous Historical Occurrences The following narrative highlights the severe impacts of winter weather in North Central Texas and Tarrant County. Although it is about a storm in 2013, it describes what Tarrant County could experience again. • December 5-6, 2013: Freezing rain, sleet, and a little snow began falling during the day on the 5th and continued through the morning of the 6th. On the 6th, accumulations of sleet and ice measured up to 5 inches. A new term, "cobblestone ice," was used to describe the compaction of ice and sleet on the highways (see Figure 90). Elsewhere, bridges, overpasses, and elevated surfaces were iced over, and thousands of tree branches fell under the weight of the ice. Power lines also were brought down, and at the peak of the storm, 275,000 customers were without power in the North Texas region. Most schools and many businesses closed, hundreds of injuries due to falls on the ice were reported, and there were seven fatalities. Early estimates from the insurance council estimated $30 171 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN million in residential insured losses. The cleanup from this event took weeks and even a few months in some places.13' _ s Figure 90: "Cobblestone ice" on North Texas Roads132 ■ January 30—February 1, 2023: A multi -day ice and sleet event occurred across much of North and Central Texas on Monday Jan 30 through Wednesday Feb 1st. This resulted in several hundred traffic accidents across the region due to icy roads and highways. The official total for the snowfall event at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport was 1.3". As frozen precipitation, sleet is included in snowfall tallies for climate records. The NWS received several reports of ice accumulations of 0.5" across North and Central Texas. The heaviest precipitation occurred from Tuesday (January 31) through Wednesday morning (February 1). Figure 91: Sleet Accumulation in Fort Worth Texas, January 2023 131 National Weather Service. North Texas Snowfall Events 1879-2013. https://www.weather.gov/fwd/snowevents. 132 NBC 5 News. 172 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Table 48: Historical Events of Winter Storms since 2015133 Location Date Time Type Deaths Injuries Property.. Damage Damage Tarrant 02/22/2015 18:30 Winter Storm 0 0 $25,000 $0 (Zone) Tarrant 02/13/2021 06:00 Winter Storm 0 0 $0 $0 (Zone) Tarrant 02/02/2022 18:00 Winter Storm 0 0 $0 $0 (Zone) Tarrant 02/23/2022 02:30 Winter Storm 0 0 $0 $0 (Zone) Tarrant 01/30/2023 12:00 Winter Storm 0 0 $0 $0 (Zone) Tarrant 01/30/2023 12:00 Winter Storm 0 0 $0 $0 (Zone) Tarrant 01/30/2023 12:00 Winter Storm 0 0 $0 $0 (Zone) Tarrant 01/30/2023 12:00 Winter Storm 0 0 $0 $0 (Zone) Totals: 0 0 $25,000 $0 Table 49: Historical Sleet Events in Tarrant County since 2015134 Since 2020, property damage from the various hazards in a winter storm has totaled $35,000. -,robability of Future Events According to the NRI, Tarrant County experiences 1.1 winter storm events per year, with 18 events occurring between 2005 and 2021. While climate change will affect winter weather in the long term, In the short term, Tarrant County as a whole can expect one or two events per year. To see where future events 133 National Centers for Environmental Information. Winter Storms. Storm Events Database - Search Results I National Centers for Environmental Information (noaa.gov). 134 National Centers for Environmental Information. Sleet. Storm Events Database - Search Results I National Centers for Environmental Information (noaa.gov). 173 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN could affect the state and county, one must look at the heating trend that is happening in the region. Temperatures in Texas have risen almost 1.5°F since the early 1900s. The number of days for the plant and animal growing season in December for Tarrant County is gradually increasing, as seen in Figure 93. In conclusion, while the probability of winter storms is not likely to change in the short term, in the long term, the increasing heat will make them more of an outlier than the norm. Figure 92: National Risk Index for Winter Weather Risk, Tarrant County Growing Degree Days in December in Fort Worth ♦ Winter J Link ,i Download Compare Averages; J F M A M J J A 5 O N Histary� 2023 2022 2021 202Q 2019 6,800-F 6,800`F 6,700-F 6,700"F 6,600° F 6,600`F 6,500°F Dec 21 Dec 31 6,500`F 6,400'F Dec 11 6,361-F Dec 1 6,394°F 6,400`F 6,322'F 6,300°F 6,271 `F 6,300`F 6,2007 6,200`F 6,100°F 6,100"F 6,000° F 6,000`F Nov Dec Jan The average growing degree days accumulated over the caurse of December, with 25th to 75th and 70th to 90th percentile bands. Figure 93: Growing Degree Days in December in Fort Worth135 135 Growing Degree Days in December in Ft. Worth. Fort Worth December Weather, Average Temperature (Texas, United States) - Weather Spark. 174 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN mpact of Climate Trends and Variation Climate change is expected to have a significant impact on winter storms in Tarrant County, Texas, with increasing variability in the intensity and frequency of these events. While the region is generally known for milder winters, shifting climate patterns could lead to more extreme cold snaps, as seen during the winter storm of 2021, when arctic air plunged into Texas. Warmer atmospheric temperatures hold more moisture, which can lead to heavier snowfall or freezing rain during winter storms, even in areas like Tarrant County that are not traditionally prone to significant winter precipitation. These extreme cold events, combined with increased moisture, pose risks to infrastructure, particularly power grids, water systems, and transportation networks, all of which are vulnerable to freezing conditions.136 Vulnerability Assessment Winter storms and winter weather of any etiology can affect people, crops, and animals. While the days are warming in Texas, there is still winter weather and precipitation to deal with. The vulnerable and underserved populations are disadvantaged due to the higher cost of heating their homes. Winter crops can be severely impacted if a severe storm event hits the area, creating economic distress. In addition, animals, such as livestock, can be dangerously affected. An ice storm can decimate a herd and create financial hardship for the owners. Power outages, communication struggles, and impassable roads to critical facilities like hospitals can put the population at risk, with increased effects on vulnerable and underserved populations. As NRI data show, Tarrant County has a very high risk of winter weather, with a score of 98.82%. The national percentile is also 98.82, and the percentile in Texas is 97.60. Development Trends Texas, as a whole, is expanding due to a huge population explosion. Between 2010 and 2021, the Dallas —Fort Worth area increased by 194,302 people. In the next 24 years, Fort Worth is expected to grow by over 270,000 people. Figure 94 shows the population in 2020, according to the Census Bureau, and the projected population for 2045, according to the NCTCOG forecast in 2022. With the dramatic increase in population, more land is expected to be used for apartments and single-family housing. In addition, more schools will be needed, and service industries are likely to grow as the population grows. This narrative applies to the entire Tarrant County area. 136 What Climate Change Means for Texas. United States Environmental Protection Agency. What Climate Change Means for Texas (epa.gov). 175 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN EXISTING POPULATION, 2020 PROJECTED POPULATION, 2045 ti I Fewer 5� P-PL A I , ..... ......... ...._ ... ......... ......... _ ......... ......... S Vsc—R—,2o29C-- ........ ..... ......... ........... ... .................. 5euyx_ North Centref T cn,n llnrCerem—.0-.S ephk R—,t. X22 Figure 94: Population Growth, North Central Texas, 2020 and Projected for 2045137 IMPACT ON ASSETS During periods of extreme cold and freezing temperatures, water pipes can freeze and crack, and ice can build up on power lines, causing them to break or causing tree limbs to fall on the lines. These events can disrupt electric service for long periods. The increased consumption of heating fuel can have an economic impact which can lead to energy shortages and higher prices. Schools often close when severe winter weather is forecast, and this becomes a logistics burden for parents who must find alternative childcare or miss work. House fires and resulting deaths tend to occur more frequently from the increased and improper use of alternate heating sources. Fires during winter storms also present a greater danger because water supplies may freeze and impede firefighting efforts. COMMUNITY LIFELINES All the community lifelines can be impacted by winter storms in Tarrant County. Access to food, shelter, healthcare, and medical services can be restricted. There may be energy loss with failed power lines, and outages of communications and internet services. Transportation may be restricted due to impassable roads, and mishaps in the transfer of hazardous materials can occur in icy conditions. The supply of water can be affected by breaks in watermains and pipes. 131 Fort Worth Comprehensive Plan. 01-population-trends-final-2023.pdf (fortworthtexas.gov). 176 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 1::42 EEnergy Safety and Food, Hydration, aHealth 5eturty Shelter TT r Carranuniwtions Tran n Hazardous) ( Water (w) p Materials Systems Figure 95: Community Lifelines 177 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Section 4: Mitigation Strategy The mitigation strategy serves as the long-term blueprint for reducing the potential losses identified in the risk assessment. The Stafford Act directs hazard mitigation plans to describe hazard mitigation actions and to establish a strategy to implement those actions. Therefore, all other requirements for a hazard mitigation plan lead to and support the mitigation strategy. Individual jurisdictions adopted specific goals and strategies based on the jurisdiction's needs. The Tarrant County HMPT ranked the following mitigation action items to determine which strategies they would prioritize for completion. To identify priorities, jurisdictions considered the scope and impact of action and completed a cost —benefit analysis for each action. Each participating jurisdiction recommended strategies that would benefit either the jurisdiction or the county as a whole. All project cost estimations are based on agency expertise by those submitting mitigation actions and previous project costs. However, many projects provided have not yet undergone the official cost —benefit analysis supplied by FEMA. In these cases, jurisdictions based the cost —benefit on a study conducted by the National Institute of Building Science. This study estimated that —in the past 23 years —federally funded natural hazard mitigation has prevented approximately one million nonfatal injuries, 600 deaths, and 4,000 cases of PTSD, yielding a cost savings of $68 billion. The report's key findings included that every dollar spent on mitigation saves society an average of six dollars, with positive cost —benefit ratios for all hazard types studied.138 Therefore, to reflect the benefits of future projects, each estimated project was multiplied by six to represent the benefit of each mitigation strategy. Using this information, in addition to their jurisdiction's priorities, jurisdictions ranked their mitigation strategies and submitted them to the HMPT. Funding Priorities As necessary, Tarrant County and participating jurisdictions will seek outside funding to implement mitigation projects in pre -disaster and post -disaster environments. Potential funding sources have been identified for proposed actions listed in the mitigation strategies, when applicable. The funding priority will go toward action items positively impacting community resilience, as measured by the action's scope and cost —benefit analysis. FEMA-Funded Projects in Tarrant County Funding for the subrecipients in Table 50 was awarded partly due to the subrecipient's participation in hazard mitigation plans. 138 National Institute of Building Sciences, "Natural Hazard Mitigation Saves 2019 Report," https://www.nibs.org/files/pdfs/NIBS MMC MitigationSaves 2019.pdf. 178 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Table 50: FEMA-Funded Projects in Tarrant County Project ProgramSubrecipient Area .. Fiscal Final Arlington DR-4223- HMGP* Year 2015 200.1: Acquisition of Closed PropertiesIdentifier 6 0052-R Private Real Property (Structures and Land) — Riverine Benbrook DR-4136- HMGP 2013 206.1: Safe Room Closed 27 0002-R (Tornado and Severe Wind Shelter) — Private Structures Colleyville DR-4245- HMGP 2016 601.2: Generators — Closed 0 0029-R Regular Colleyville DR-4266- HMGP 2016 601.2: Generators — Approved 0 0017-R Regular Euless DR-4255- HMGP 2016 601.2: Generators — Closed 0 0018-R Regular Everman DR-4466 HMGP 2020 Flooding Study Approved 0 Kennedale DR-4223- HMGP 2015 200.1: Acquisition of Closed 1 0028-R Private Real Property (Structures and Land) — Riverine North Central DR-4223- HMGP 2015 206.1: Safe Room Approved 207 Texas 0053-R (Tornado and Severe Council of Wind Shelter) — Governments Private Structures Tarrant DR-4245- HMGP 2016 601.1: Generators Closed 0 (County) 0016-R Tarrant DR-4466- HMGP 2020 95.2: Planning Related Approved 0 (County) 0007-P Activities * Note: HMGP = Hazard Mitigation Grant Program Mitigation Goals and Objectives Tarrant County, the participating jurisdictions, and the planning participants identified nine natural hazards. Two human -made hazards, one technical hazard, and one vulnerability hazard also were addressed by the plan. The specific goals of the plan are as follows: 1. Build capacity and capabilities to increase disaster resilience among historically underserved populations, individuals with access and functional needs, and communities disproportionately impacted by disasters and climate change. 2. Protect critical public facilities and infrastructure and take targeted measures to improve the resiliency of critical infrastructure against natural hazards and climate change. 179 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 3. Encourage the development and implementation of long-term, cost-effective, and sustainable mitigation projects that preserve and restore the functions and resilience of natural systems. 4. Engage and educate the public, elected officials, and relevant stakeholders about natural hazards, climate change risks and impacts, and the capabilities and resources available to create more resilient and adaptive communities. 5. Encourage partnerships. 6. Engage in wildfire -related mitigation initiatives to comply with Fire Mitigation Assistance Grant (FMAG) requirements. 7. Address High Hazard Potential Dam risk to reduce long-term vulnerabilities in risk areas. Goals and objectives were identified as short term or long term. "Short term" means they are intended to be completed in the next one to five years, whereas "long term" is defined as completion in five or more years. The planning team used its mitigation goals and objectives to guide the process of identifying, evaluating, and prioritizing actions and initiatives. This ensured that the actions included in the plan were cost- effective, environmentally sound, and technically feasible. After discussing and evaluating the mitigation actions, the team prioritized the results based on various factors to identify high -priority projects and timelines. Goals are broad statements that reflect the county's vision for its hazard mitigation program. Objectives clarify goals. Each mitigation action supports one or more goals and objectives. Mitigation actions are specific steps the county can take to achieve its stated objectives. These actions must be technically feasible, cost-effective, and environmentally sound. Table 51 lists the goals and objectives identified by the planning team. This 2025 plan update includes the original goals from the previous plan, with two additional goals addressing HHPDs and Fire Management Assistance Grants (FMAGs), reflecting elements required by the new 2023 FEMA Local Mitigation Planning Policy guidelines in Table 52. Table 51: 2025 Hazard Mitigation Goals and Objectives Goals Objectives Long Term Goal 1 Build capacity and capabilities to increase disaster resilience Long term among historically underserved populations, individuals with access and functional needs, and communities disproportionately impacted by disasters and climate change. Objective 1.1 Partner with agencies serving vulnerable populations to minimize Short term harm in an emergency. Objective 1.2 Promote disaster contingency planning and facility safety among Short term institutions that provide essential services, such as food, clothing, shelter, and healthcare to vulnerable populations. Objective 1.3 Educate individuals and communities about disaster preparedness Short term and mitigation. 180 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Goals• Description Objectives Long Objective 1.4 Reduce mitigation -related disparities impacting underserved Long term populations and historically marginalized communities by developing equitable and inclusive plans, investments, and engagements. Develop adaptive plans, programs, and policies that recognize the community's historical, economic, social, and demographic influences in a manner that expands resources to benefit the community. Objective 1.5 Continue to develop and improve systems that provide warning, Long term awareness, and emergency communication to significantly reduce barriers to timely, efficient, and effective hazard mitigation planning and action. Objective 1.6 Encourage our communities to perform activities, such as Long term strengthening building codes. Objective 1.7 Train emergency responders. Short term Goal 2 Protect critical public facilities and infrastructure and take Long term targeted measures to improve the resiliency of critical infrastructure against natural hazards and climate change. Objective 2.1 Implement mitigation programs that protect critical facilities and Long term services and promote the reliability of lifeline systems to minimize hazards' impacts, maintain operations, and expedite recovery in an emergency. Objective 2.2 Consider known hazards when giving site permits to new facilities Short term and systems. Objective 2.3 Encourage building and rebuilding practices that address resilience Long term through higher standards and adaptive design to resist the impacts of natural hazards on communities, infrastructure, buildings, and cultural and economic assets. Objective 2.4 Create redundancies for critical networks, such as water, sewer, Long term digital data, power, and communications. Objective 2.5 Educate public officials, developers, realtors, contractors, building Short term owners, and the public about hazard risks and building requirements. Objective 2.6 Identify mitigation opportunities to protect, upgrade, and strengthen Long term existing structures and repetitive loss properties from all hazards through acquisition, elevation, relocation, and retrofits. Objective 2.7 Use mitigation grant funding to retrofit facilities against all hazards. Long term Objective 2.8 Consider incorporating climate resilience considerations into future Long term land and infrastructure development, encourage resilient and sustainable structural practices that reduce vulnerabilities, and encourage the use of green and natural infrastructure. Goal 3 Encourage the development and implementation of long-term, Long term cost-effective, and sustainable mitigation projects that preserve and restore the functions and resilience of natural systems. Objective 3.1 Consider the secondary effects of disasters, such as hazardous Short term waste and hazardous materials spills, when planning and developing mitigation projects. 181 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Goals and Description Objectives Long Objective 3.2 Encourage the use of green infrastructure and nature -based Long term solutions to combat climate change, reduce flood risks, improve air and water quality, restore and protect wetlands, stabilize shorelines, increase biodiversity, reduce urban heat, add recreational space, and improve the overall well-being of natural ecosystems. Objective 3.3 Support identification, documentation, and standardization of cost- Short term effective natural restoration measures. Goal 4 Engage and educate the public, elected officials, and relevant Short term stakeholders about natural hazards, climate change risks and impacts, and the capabilities and resources available to create more resilient and adaptive communities. Objective 4.1 Enhance understanding of local hazards and the risks they pose. Short term Objective 4.2 Educate the public on actions they can take to prevent or reduce Short term the loss of life or property from all hazards and increase individual efforts to respond to potential hazards. Objective 4.3 Encourage homeowners, renters, and businesses to insure Short term property for all hazards, including flood coverage under the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). Objective 4.4 Publicize and encourage the adoption of appropriate hazard Short term mitigation measures. Goal 5 Encourage Partnerships Short term Objective 5.1 Partner with the private sector, including small businesses, to Short term promote structural and non-structural hazard mitigation as part of standard business practice. Objective 5.2 Educate businesses about countywide contingency planning, Short term targeting small businesses and those in high -risk areas. Objective 5.3 Partner with the private sector to promote employee education Short term about disaster preparedness and encourage conservation at work and at home. Goal 6 Engage in wildfire -related mitigation initiatives to comply with Long term FMAG requirements. Objective 6.1 Prioritize mitigation actions to reduce vulnerabilities identified in the Short term risk assessment. Objective 6.2 Provide a framework, tools, and support to allow communities to Long term establish locally led programs to harden, retrofit, and establish defensible space around residences, prioritizing equity priority communities and individuals. Objective 6.3 Implement demonstration projects and develop a scaling -up Short term strategy for the wildfire mitigation program. Goal 7 Address High Hazard Potential Dam (HHPD) risk to reduce Long term long-term vulnerabilities in risk areas. Objective 7.1 Address dam risk, particularly to and from HHPDs, to protect life Long term and property 182 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Table 52: FEMA Elements, Local Mitigation Planning Policy Guide C1. Does the plan document each jurisdiction's existing authorities, policies, programs and resources and its ability to expand on and improve these existing policies and programs? (Requirement 44 CFR § 201.6(c)(3)) 'Cl-a. The plan must describe how the existing authorities, policies, programs, funding and resources of each participant are available to support the mitigation strategy. This must include a discussion of the existing building codes and land use and development ordinances or regulations. Capabilities may be described in a table or narrative. Discussion means a narrative or other materials that provide context on a section of the plan. Describing the current capabilities provides a rationale for which mitigation projects can be undertaken to laddress the vulnerabilities identified in the Risk Assessment. C1-b. The plan must describe the ability of each participant to expand on and improve the capabilities described in the plan. If the participants do not have the ability or authority to expand and/or improve their capabilities, the plan must describe this lack of ability or authority. Gaps and limitations for each participant may be addressed as actions in the mitigation strategy. Mitigation Action Items Each jurisdictional LPT identified a list of mitigation action items which appear in that jurisdiction's annex. Priority will be assigned to projects with the greatest positive impact on community resilience, including life safety and property protection. Previous action items are also recorded in these annexes. 183 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Section 5: Plan Maintenance Plan Implementation The Tarrant County Hazard Mitigation Action Planning process was coordinated with the Tarrant County HMPT and planning consultant, Innovative Emergency Management (IEM). The plan was submitted to TDEM and FEMA for approval. It is expected that all participating jurisdictions will formally adopt the plan by resolution once the "Approved Pending Adoption" designation is received by FEMA, in accordance with the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000. Each jurisdiction participating in this plan is responsible for implementing specific mitigation actions, as prescribed in the mitigation strategies. In each mitigation strategy, every proposed action is assigned to a specific local department or agency to assign responsibility and accountability and increase the likelihood of subsequent implementation. This approach enables individual jurisdictions to update their unique mitigation strategies as needed without altering the broader focus of the countywide plan. The separate adoption of locally specific actions also ensures that each jurisdiction is not held responsible for monitoring and implementing the actions of other jurisdictions involved in the planning process. The Tarrant County EMC or their designee is the lead position for plan implementation and will work with the Tarrant County HMPT to ensure that mitigation actions are implemented in jurisdictional planning procedures. Each participating jurisdiction will implement the plan and its individual mitigation actions in the timeframe appropriate for its planning processes. As necessary, the HMPT will seek outside funding sources to implement mitigation projects in both pre -disaster and post -disaster environments. When applicable, potential funding sources have been identified for the proposed actions listed in the mitigation strategies. Evaluation All members of the Tarrant County HMPT will be responsible for ensuring that the Tarrant County HazMAP is evaluated as required. Specifically, the Tarrant County EMC or their designee will convene the HMPT and ensure that an evaluation is conducted in a thorough manner. This evaluation will include analysis of current mitigation projects, evaluation of success, reevaluation of future mitigation needs, and prioritization based upon changes in the needs and/or capabilities of Tarrant County. The HMPT will reconvene annually to ensure that projects are on track and to reevaluate the mitigation goals, objectives, and action items. The mitigation plan shall be viewed as an evolving, dynamic document. Multijurisdictional Strategy and Considerations Tarrant County will lead activities for mitigation planning countywide. Although Tarrant County will be responsible for maintaining this plan, including the documentation of in -progress and completed action 184 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN items, each participating jurisdiction is responsible for reporting hazards, their costs, and a status report on mitigation actions to Tarrant County Office of Emergency Management for recording in the plan. Each jurisdiction is responsible for completing mitigation activities by providing the capabilities and authorities needed to carry out the activities. Participating jurisdictions completed an analysis of their current legal, staffing, and fiscal capabilities as they relate to hazard mitigation planning. Jurisdictional capabilities and authorities are identified to ensure that successful mitigation planning is located in the jurisdictional annexes. Plan Update The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 requires that the Tarrant County HazMAP be updated at least once every five years. During this process, all sections of the plan will be updated with current information and analysis, and new and/or modified mitigation actions will be developed. The revised plan will be submitted for state and federal review and approval and will be presented for approval to the Tarrant County Commissioners Court and the respective councils of incorporated cities included in this HazMAP. Similarly, each participating jurisdiction will follow the same procedure to review, revise, and update their individual plans before submitting them to Tarrant County for inclusion in the multijurisdictional plan. The plan will be updated every five years in accordance with federal requirements. Tarrant County's EMC or their designee will be responsible for ensuring that this requirement is met. Tarrant County and the HMPT will review the HazMAP annually for needed updates. The HMPT will be involved in this process to ensure that all jurisdictions provide input into the planning process. The public will be invited to participate in this process through public hearings. Plan Maintenance It is the intention of all documented plan participants to formally adopt the Tarrant County HazMAP after each 5-year revision. Once all participants adopt the changes, the HazMAP and proof of adoption will be submitted to TDEM and FEMA. The plan will be revised and maintained as required under the guidance of the HazMAP and formally adopted by elected officials of Tarrant County and the jurisdictions after each 5-year revision. Following formal adoption of the plan by the Tarrant County Commissioners Court and the governing council of each participating jurisdiction, the actions outlined in the HazMAP may be implemented by the county and participating jurisdictions as described in this document. The Tarrant County EMC or their designee is responsible for ensuring that the HazMAP and its components are monitored, evaluated, and reviewed annually by the responsible personnel. The EMC will use email to request that the monitoring activities noted below be implemented and changes documented. The progress of action items will be tracked electronically as "in progress," "deferred," or "completed." These and other changes affecting the plan will be documented in the Tarrant County HazMAP file and identified as updates. Updates will be shared between participants by email or in a meeting (if deemed 185 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN appropriate) once a year, and included in annual evaluations and reviews, and five-year update of the plan. The lead of each LPT is responsible for ensuring that their mitigation annex is monitored, evaluated, and reviewed on an annual basis. This may be accomplished by calling an annual meeting of the LPT and HMPT, whose members will provide assistance and expertise for plan review, evaluation, updates, and monitoring. This meeting may be open to the public, and public notices will encourage community participation. During this annual meeting, the LPT point of contact will provide information and updates on the implementation status of each action item included in the plan. As part of the evaluation, the LPT will assess whether goals and objectives address current and expected conditions, whether the nature and/or magnitude of the risks have changed, if current resources are appropriate for implementing the HazMAP, whether outcomes have occurred as expected, and if agencies and other partners participated as originally proposed. These activities will take place according to the schedule in Table 53. Table 53: Timetable of the Plan Review Process At least every five years, or more frequently if such a need is determined by the participants, the HazMAP will undergo a major update. During this process, all sections of the plan will be updated with current information and analysis, and new and/or modified mitigation action plans will be developed. The revised plan will be submitted for review and approval to TDEM and FEMA and presented to the governing council for approval and adoption. The plan will be updated every five years in accordance with federal and state regulations. Continued Public Involvement As stated in Requirement 201.6(c)(4)(iii), the plan maintenance process shall include a discussion on how the community will continue public participation in the plan maintenance process. Ongoing public participation will be encouraged throughout the planning and implementation processes. A copy of the plan may be provided on the jurisdiction's websites and/or in the office of the LPT point of contact. Annual meetings held for monitoring, evaluating, and updating the HazMAP may be open to the public, and public notices will encourage community participation. Additional public comment periods will 186 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN be available through surveys that will be distributed on newsletters and social media platforms. Not all jurisdictions will have public meetings; it just depends on the resources and capabilities that best fit that community. Public participation will be sought throughout the implementation, evaluation, and maintenance of the HazMAP. This participation will be sought in a multitude of ways, including but not limited to periodic presentations on the plan's progress to elected officials, schools, or other community groups; annual questionnaires or surveys; public meetings; and postings on social media and interactive websites. Incorporation into Existing Planning Mechanisms The primary means for integrating mitigation strategies into other local planning mechanisms will be through the revision, update, and implementation of each jurisdiction's plans which require specific planning and administrative tasks (for example, plan amendments, ordinance revisions, and capital improvement projects). The members of the HMPT will remain charged with ensuring that the goals and strategies of new and updated local planning documents for their jurisdictions are consistent with the goals and actions of the Tarrant County HazMAP and will not contribute to increased hazard vulnerability in Tarrant County or its participating jurisdictions. During the planning process for new and updated local planning documents, such as a comprehensive plan, capital improvement plan, or emergency management plan, Tarrant County and its participating jurisdictions will provide a copy of the Tarrant County HazMAP to the appropriate parties and recommend that all goals and strategies of new and updated local planning documents are consistent with and support the goals of the Tarrant County HazMAP and will not contribute to increased hazards in the affected jurisdiction(s). The following steps will be taken in implementing this HazMAP into local plans: 1. Change is proposed by an elected official or other interested party. 2. The proposal is placed on the local agenda of the governing body. 3. The agenda is published at least 10 days in advance of the meeting at which it will be discussed, so members of the public have an opportunity to attend the discussion meeting. Publication may be made by posting the agenda on the city's website, in the city newsletter, or on a public bulletin board. 4. The proposal is discussed at the public meeting, including any comments by members of the public attendance. 5. The proposal is voted on by the governing body. 6. If the proposal is passed, the change is implemented by the appropriate local authority. 187 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Section 6: Conclusion Tarrant County's development of this plan has involved a comprehensive evaluation of hazard history, critical facilities inventory, and an updated emergency contact list for critical facilities. This valuable data, combined with the latest information on hazard threats and vulnerabilities, will be immensely beneficial for Tarrant County and its participating jurisdictions. Natural hazards have been identified county wide, and technological hazards have been listed for selected jurisdictions that have chosen to include these hazards. Furthermore, mitigation projects have been compiled and prioritized, aiming at reducing the risks to lives and property. The establishment of the Tarrant County HMPT has successfully brought together stakeholders from various communities and organizations into one planning team. This collaborative effort has been instrumental in producing this document and increasing awareness of risks and mitigation strategies. Besides the HMPT, the formation of an LPT in each jurisdiction has unified stakeholders and departments to produce jurisdictional data for this document and create a greater awareness of risks and mitigation strategies. This plan will remain dynamic, evolving as needed to accurately represent the threats and vulnerabilities affecting Tarrant County. We encourage ongoing public participation in the multijurisdictional hazard mitigation process. 188 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 189 Appendix A: Documentation from Planning and Public Meetings TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Appendix A: Meetings Documentation from Planning and Public Meetinq Minutes and PowerPoint Slides Z C4 . v' ` • * • TARRANT COUNTY, TEXAS Meeting Minutes Date: Friday, August 23, 2024 Location: Tarrant County Hurst Courthouse / Virtual TEAMS Meeting Host: Jeanne Bunting, IEM Project Manager IEM Planning Lead: Kim Anthony WELCOME AND INTRODUCTIONS Jeanne Bunting opened the meeting with a warm welcome and facilitated the introductions. ATTENDEES: Name John Ard .. Title Fire Chief Jurisdiction/Agency City of Westlake Ryan Arthur Fire Chief City of Lake Worth Jeff Ballew Fire Chief/EMC Town of Edgecliff Village Randy Barkley Fire Chief/EMC City of Watauga Jeff Davis Fire Chief City of Fort Worth Edgardo Barreto de La Torre Senior Emergency Manager DFW Airport Brandy Barrett City Administrator/EMC City of Westworth Village Jeremy Blackwell Assistant Fire Chief City of Lake Worth FD Shelby Brock Marshal/EMC City of Richland Hills James Brown Fire Chief/EMC City of Kennedale Appendix A: Documentation from Planning and Public Meetings 191 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Name Raul Cantu T .• Title Jurisdiction/Agency EM & AAR Administrator University of North Texas (UNT) Health Science Center Christopher Cook Police Chief City of White Settlement Brent Craft Fire Chief City of Hurst Greg Cutler EMC City of Mansfield Raelyn Darnell EMC City of North Richland Hills Bryce Davis EMC City of Haltom City Gregory Dickens Executive Director of Public Works City of Hurst Moses Druxman Fire Marshal City of Azle Deea Z Elliston-Scully EMC City of Fort Worth Shawn Fannan Fire Chief City of Blue Mound Malaika Marion Farmer Assistant City Manager City of Hurst Rob Franklin Deputy Fire Chief/EMC Town of Pantego Daniel Frisby Assistant EMC City of Mansfield Krissy Garrison Senior Emergency Manager DFW Airport Steve Gutierrez Fire Chief, EMC, Fire Marshal City of Forest Hill Irish Hancock Emergency Management Administrator City of Arlington Katrina Harris Administrative Assistant to the Fire Marshal City of Weatherford Suzanne Hendrickson EMC City of Euless Duane Hengst City Engineer City of Hurst Sean Hughes EMC City of Lakeside Chris Johnson Battalion Chief City of Hurst Billy Keadle Assistant Police Chief City of Hurst Garrett Kemp EMC City of Haslet Shelly Klein Assistant to the City Manager City of Hurst Joey Lankford Deputy Fire Chief/ Fire Marshal City of Bedford Joe Laster Emergency Operations Center Manager City of Burleson Shawna R. Lemley EMC City of Arlington Thomas J. (TJ) Manor EMC City of Grapevine Maribel Martinez Director EM Preparedness The North Central Texas Council of Governments (NCTCOG) Shannon Martinez Chief of Police Town of Westover Hills Kirt Mays EMC City of Haslet 192 Appendix A: Documentation from Planning and Public Meetings TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Name David M. McCurdy .. Title EMC Jurisdiction/Agency County of Tarrant Kennedy Meehan Emergency Manager Specialist City of Southlake EM Jennifer J. Moreno Senior Emergency Manager DFW Airport Kimber Morgan EMO 2 City of Fort Worth James Myrick EMC City of River Oaks Sunil Patel Director of Information Technology City of Hurst Alayna Payne Mitigation & Recovery Coordinator County of Wise Chris Perry Director of Utilities City of Hurst Kenny Phillips EMC City of Colleyville Michael Reeves Assistant Fire Chief City of Hurst Esmeralda Sanchez Assistant EMC County of Tarrant Rick Sanderson Fire Chief City of White Settlement Claude Scally Deputy Fire Chief/Fire Marshal City of Crowley Russell Shelley Fire Chief City of Richland Hills Doug Spears Fire Chief City of Saginaw Rebecca Stephens EM Analyst City of Haltom City Jason Tate Fire Chief City of Benbrook Bobby Tatum Fire Chief City of Keller Samantha Taylor EM Director/Coordinator County of Denton William T. Wessel Assistant EMC County of Tarrant Landon Whatley Fire Chief City of Everman Chase Wheeler EMC City of Grand Prairie Jeanne Bunting Project Manager IEM Myrna Chase Disaster Response Specialist IEM Laneta Hayes Hazard Mitigation Technical Specialist IEM Sabrina Lunsford Hazard Mitigation Planner IEM Lisa Mehaffey Planner IEM Kristine Ravelo Hazard Mitigation Specialist IEM Kate Smith Hazard Mitigation Planner IEM What Is Mitigation? Jeanne reviewed the following information with the stakeholders and participants. Appendix A: Documentation from Planning and Public Meetings 193 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Definition: Any sustained action taken to reduce hazard effects on people or property (long-term sustained actions). Helps receive funding from FEMA and other sources. New Local Guidance (April 2023): Must have 1 action per hazard in the plan (e.g., 30 hazards = 30 actions). Last Plan (2020): The 2020 mitigation plan has been updated to reflect significant changes. Key updates include the integration of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) to enhance flood risk management and new local guidance on building codes to improve structural resilience. HHPD Goal: A specific goal related to high hazard potential dams (HHPD) must be included in the mitigation plan. This goal is essential for securing necessary funding and ensuring that these high -risk infrastructures are prioritized and managed effectively to mitigate potential hazards. Planning Roles and Responsibilities Reminder: All submissions are due in 5 weeks to TDEM (Sept 6) and to FEMA by Dec 31. SharePoint Access: IEM will ensure access is available; one person from each jurisdiction should be appointed. STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT Public Outreach: Use a "Whole Community Approach" to involve the public through digital means, public workshops, and public plan reviews. Concerns: Time constraints limiting public involvement. Suggestions: Jeanne requested that they send snippets of any outreach efforts. PLANNING EXPECTATIONS Jeanne asked if these are still current. Review of Hazards of Concern: • Drought • Earthquake • Expansive Soil • Extreme Heat • Flood • Thunderstorms • Tornadoes • Wildfires 194 Appendix A: Documentation from Planning and Public Meetings TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Winter Storms Additional Hazards: Tarrant County requested to add (if time permits): Cybersecurity, Major Disease Outbreak, Utility Infrastructure Failure, Civil Unrest Jeanne informed the attendees that we will work on the basic ones first, and if there is additional time, IEM will add the others. One participant stated that Arlington has Civil Unrest in its Plan, and we can add from that information. RISK ASSESSMENT (slide 16) Jeanne reviewed (see these will be updated. Review: Use existing data from the last plan; update demographics and other relevant information. CAPABILITIES AND FORMS (seeslide17) Action: Jeanne recommended Fill out and return forms ASAP, preferably within a week. MITIGATION STRATEGY AND FORMS (slide18) Action: Submit one (1) specific action for each identified hazard. For any newly identified hazards, ensure that corresponding actions are also included. This ensures that all potential risks are addressed comprehensively in the mitigation plan. Prioritization: (see slide 19). Use the STAPLEE method (Social, Technical, Administrative, Political, Legal, Economic, and Environmental) to prioritize actions. This method helps evaluate and rank actions based on various criteria, ensuring that the most effective and feasible actions are implemented first. G O A L S (see slide 20) Discussion: Focus on reviewing and updating goals, incorporating High Hazard Potential Dams (HHPB), and setting specific objectives to support vulnerable and disadvantaged populations, ensuring the mitigation plan is robust, inclusive, and aligned with community needs Examples: Jeanne will share examples from other plans with Stakeholders. Cooperation: Cooperation between agencies is crucial for the successful implementation of HMGP mitigation strategies in Tarrant County. Effective collaboration ensures coordinated resources, information, and efforts, leading to comprehensive and efficient mitigation actions. This inter -agency cooperation helps reduce risks from natural hazards, enhancing community resilience and safety. TIMELINE OF DELIVERABLES AND STAGES FOR FINAL D E L I V E RA B L E S (see slides 22-24) A comprehensive 'Timeline of Deliverables' will be sent to Tarrant County stakeholders, outlining key deadlines and milestones to ensure all participants are informed and aligned with the project schedule." Appendix A: Documentation from Planning and Public Meetings 195 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Jeanne informed the participants that there will be Requests for Information (RFIs); however, IEM will provide assistance with these RFIs to ensure a smooth process." Deliverables Key Dates (see slide 23) • CAP Worksheets: Sept 6 • Mitigation Worksheet: Sept 6 • Actions in Prior Plan: Sept 15 • FEMA Ready Plan: Dec 31, 2024 NEXT STEPS Follow -Up: Jeanne will distribute the presentation slides, and any additional information required to ensure all participants have the necessary resources and clarity on the discussed topics. This will include detailed instructions, relevant documents, and any updates pertinent to the project. Virtual Meeting: A virtual meeting will be scheduled to take place in 3-4 weeks. This session will provide an opportunity for participants to discuss progress, address any questions or concerns, and ensure that everyone is aligned with the project goals and timelines. The meeting will facilitate further collaboration and provide a platform for real-time feedback and support. *The meeting was adjourned at 1:OOpm EDT, and all participants were encouraged to reach out to the IEM Team with any questions or concerns. 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Pr D.— Sow 24 200 Appendix A: Documentation from Planning and Public Meetings TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN I" IEM ��ntact 27 Appendix A: Documentation from Planning and Public Meetings 201 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Engagement with Neighboring Communities As part of the Tarrant County Hazard Mitigation Plan development, the county actively reached out to neighboring communities to foster regional collaboration and ensure a comprehensive approach to hazard mitigation. This outreach included email communication with adjacent jurisdictions to provide feedback on the draft plan. By involving neighboring communities, Tarrant County sought to address cross -jurisdictional risks and share mitigation strategies that could benefit the region as a whole. This collaborative effort not only strengthened relationships with surrounding jurisdictions but also enhanced the county's ability to implement mitigation actions that reduce risks across borders. Figure 96 shows the email correspondence asking communities to provide feedback on the draft base plan. From: William T. Wessel To: scott.foi—,ter61�dallascounty.org: Samantha Taylor: "Jamie Moore" Cc: David M. McCurdy; Esmeralda Sanchez Subject: Request for Feedback on Tarrant County Hazard Mitigation Plan Date: Thursday, November 7, 2424 9:57:00 AM Attachments: imaaei101.ona Goad morning neighbors, hope this message finds you well. Tarrant County is in the process of updating its Hazard Mitigation Plan, which outlines our evaluation of natural hazards and the strategies we have developed to reduce their risks to our community. As part of this update, we are reaching out to neighboring counties to request your input onthe draft plan. Your feedback is important to us, as we aim to coordinate our mitigation efforts and ensure the plan reflects both regional concerns and strategies for addressing shared risks. You can access the draft plan here: https://iern.rnaps.arcgis.com/sha ring/rest/contentf terns/f621704b bed546bcacc5d3bagcldaa4g/dat a If you have any comments, suggestions, or concerns regarding the draft, please send them to William Wessel atwtwesselPtarrantcountytx.gov by November 15, 2024. We greatly appreciate your time and input, and we look forward to working together to build a more resilient region. wiffiam Wessel Assistant Emergency Management Coordinator Office of Emergency Management Pubfic Heakh Preparedness Phone: 817-884-2906 Email: wtwesselPtarrantcountytx.gov Figure 96: Outreach Letter to Neighboring Communities 202 Appendix A: Documentation from Planning and Public Meetings TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Public Outreach Survey Engagement For the Tarrant County Hazard Mitigation Plan update, a comprehensive public outreach initiative was conducted to engage all participating jurisdictions and their communities. To gather valuable input, we developed a survey that was posted across the websites and social media platforms of the participating jurisdictions. This approach aimed to maximize reach and encourage widespread participation from residents, businesses, and local organizations. The survey served as a vital tool to collect feedback on the community's hazard vulnerabilities and mitigation strategies, ensuring the plan reflects local concerns and priorities. There were 155 responses to the survey for Tarrant County to be able to analyze for future mitigation and response operations. In recognition of Tarrant County's diverse population, the survey was provided in both English and Spanish to ensure accessibility for all residents. By offering the survey in multiple languages, we aimed to promote inclusivity and encourage a broad spectrum of community members to share their perspectives. The engagement process allowed us to collect meaningful data that will inform the development of a robust and effective hazard mitigation plan, tailored to the unique needs and risks faced by Tarrant County's communities. The following section shows the efforts by participating jurisdictions to solicit input into the HazMAP. Appendix A: Documentation from Planning and Public Meetings 203 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Documentation by the Jurisdictions ARLINGTON < 10 City of Arlington, TX - City Hall G • Follow 2h - ArlingtonTx Fire's Office of Emergency Management is working on its portion of the Tarrant County Hazard Mitigation Action Plan. The plan is a document that outlines a local government's evaluation of natural hazards and their strategies to reduce the risks they pose to the community. The plan's goal is to reduce or eliminate long-term risks to citizens and property from natural hazards. The Office of Emergency Management is looking for community feedback so it can address local needs and concerns. Fill out this online survey, which staff will use to more accurately represent the community's concerns: https://bit.lyl4dYwkfJ OCiudad de Arlington, TX •Follow ... rn•� We want to hear from you! ArlingtonTx Fire Office of Emergency Management is seeking community feedback to be able to address local needs and concerns. Complete this online survey, which staff will use to more accurately represent community concerns about natural hazards and their strategies to reduce the risks they pose to the community. Take the survey online in Spanish: https:/Ibit.ly/ 3BVfy3M * Rate this translation 204 Appendix A: Documentation from Planning and Public Meetings TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN AZLE Dur City Your Government City Services Doing Business Hetp Center a...a, W.. opr�en anooE,,, �� Hazard Mitipllim Action Ran SorM As natural hazards are becoming mare frequent and damages more c..ty, maigation actions are key in keeping City4Azte residents safe. Tarrant County and partiapatingjurisdictlons. including Axle. are updating the current Hazard Mitigation Action Plan. We need your input on tine risks from man-m r9umt. ade, alb lea—Ogicai hazards that Could affect our communry am what actions should be taken to reouce those risks. Please camplete this brief survey to help us understood your concerns S—y—jEtigtish 2 o 0 00-11, o Vet ly Me- Repo- ch%.o, mpnl Cnanp ent Pay Hwkipai Ceaea riise- BEDFORD CITY OF BE �7-� i FOP,D Residents Dlsca�er • Business City Govo—ent Oi SCOwor$odford H.., DI, I... �' 1 How can lye help your Yre'.y Acooum. Make aNir�e V[Ihty Pay+r,em TrasiJPa grcllGlpiNv upc.""E— Ileaw • Cnr Gewnwwne, tee_ � . .. •� M orP�'a`�A<, En'.rstnry Mv.gwnrn' W era AOnpeen Joan'• Phn Hazard Mitigation Action Plan Thr Gry eR aedtares Qfl- Pt Tnlerganty MandgeirlMG a war•Ing Pn Its Mound Mlhaalian A[[Idn Yun aH[h Tarrarn GOtlrry. The Plan Ka deeomenr eher eutllnes a best menv's evaluetwn of naruralharerds aedthelr ur-4nw retluee the Asks Neypomw the eemmunky. The ptan'Sabal isw eed—er e4lMl-64—M risks re dUyelt M property from natural llaulet5. Won want to hear Fromyou The Crfflceof Emerpruy IAanasement Is IookingfOrcohumnTy ftedpmkW It Canaddrnstawmods ands euw whSh iipTrwill 4ir e9 rrµar lGG4rAirty+sPrsirrli ihr G9ntm4nityi GorKM1F Appendix A: Documentation from Planning and Public Meetings 205 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 11210 1:13e][o (� Bent O O O a Sea<eh. I0 0 r ok Nl I-gn &A3endas ame>rpamnnn CL Public SafeTy FosRV m. E6. NEC ]ierbmeka H¢W MttlgallSn ACUws Plan All tale nes r Codes d Ordiadrre . The Cily.f BanOeooX la anrbng on its HX.fd Mhigalnn Anion Plan [wf• wiN TvranI County The plan oWmes the local govemmenfs evaluation R55 �� MrNNral nazaras analnep sireiegleslo reduce merafsmey Wselo ■^w°M ur' the wmmunry II aam IP reerwe pr niminare IPnArenn fas0s m cirirens $ varr r.a+.0 ana vfoveny m>,n natwal namfas. Employmem We want [o M1earfrom you! Ineane[ The M.bobag for community betlbacXw gcan adtlress deal frt0g3 FIM [ellcems. Im0lIIm11Mi gemerea ifim 9grt'ey3 WIII ce 119eg W 1¢pre9enl IIle Cemmarlgys concerns. The Clly encourages you b fill out a survey bEayI Survey Oph ns' English. Mips.rttmms.oSica.carnrrr9GBrn6n]e0e SpByHR'. OWRL1911f S,OIfxY CV(piflP�7rXMi11w9 COLLEYVILLE &4wwS3 . #LLKK HA . H1L1111N G JP7 .W kl — 'COCLIVVW Q t mergency management Try[�.+rpilra{wwplr+iyy�llwyia70aaw.. SMticiiyrw•�ro b#aN�Lw11�w.annLtwsP+!vnLh Wnnnn rsuXy,�,L Iigi d.s+IYIX..X'IW'eia latiYitr#I.LIa•aPPti �'Pa+�'*er R—AWW3 MW .SL��.X.�v.rala�l«.ca�llnlaaa4 wd Fa IPP*lw 16 ,ww, 0APgrA'1}IIMLmRIW IlralY NMrYIMIX th"O 011W as wr LI.1.01B 11,4y wLReiY'mylri's. M►>• iv O4 qwA PIRPPA4' MLKW%d%aYNk Hhdl4aavilq mom—roww Lr '+Fllwwr�w.y+r p^�.Iw�141sra�W—w r"w 1\NLl11MAga1 A 11//.f1ALL1t4hl4lR91Yli4ixirt M1lNll. IIr. Y.awXry... V 7tiiY 10CAMMK YAhY %cd LRYI {...,y.PZ6 w �+L TBYdMi�Wwy2'YLV �YINQI'I� f� briq 206 Appendix A: Documentation from Planning and Public Meetings TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN CROWLEY 14:42 a LTE = Survey: Hazard Mitigation Action Plan News 10-25- Release 2024 Date: Tarrant County and the City of Crowley are working on a Hazard Mitigation Action Plan, and we would ' -n our residents TextMyGov needs or conce, . Please take a moment to fill out the survey below that & ci.crowley.U.us Appendix A: Documentation from Planning and Public Meetings 207 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN EDGECLIFF VILLAGE mw,:+m ., rt'�••` �r'��'i "A Great Place to I.We" SINCE 1951 Thank you to our residents, Mayor, Council Memhen, City secretary, Clty Nall staff, Public Works staff. FdgecHff Fire Department staff and Volunteers for making the Town of Edgecliff Village. 3rd City In the United Stares for "Best City to UW in 202Z according to The New York T mes. lic Imput Click Here For Important News about Tarrant County HazMAP Public Imput Click Here For Importi NEW, Online Payment Is available for Edgediff Village. �DGECLIFFExperience seamless convenience and Easily pay for citations and permits online through our, Third party user-6Vendhy webs'rte, saving EULESS 8 nttpsllwww.eulesstegnrmurnelcnmpnnensslNewslNewsnsa9iis qA {7 { T H E C i T a r lobs ContaR Us Calendarnf Even6 Aaessibitity Trsrrcra[e 7E—ULESS o Search... �,',_u�, News List '.— o e Tarrant County Hazard Mitigation Action Plan Survey As natural hazards are hemming more frequent and damages conker• mitigation actions are key in keeping Euless safe. Tarant County and participating jurisdictions, including Euless,are updating thecunent Tarrant County Multi -jurisdictional HazaN Mitigation Action Plan. Tarrant Ca..1, needs your input on Ne risks from mural, man-made, and technological hazards that could off- our wmmunity, and what anions should be taken [o retlu<e Nose risks.lf you would like [a participate in [his effort, please complete this brief survey_ Retum to Nlf lirt� 208 Appendix A: Documentation from Planning and Public Meetings TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN EVERMAN Hazard Mitigation Action Plan POSTED ON NOVEMBER 11, 2024 BY LANDON WHATLEY The City of Everman is currently working with Tarrant County and other surrounding cities to revise our Hazard Mitigation Action Plan. This plan is key to strategic planning and preparation for natural hazards that could impact the Everman Community. We would love your feedback to tell us what concerns you most. Please fill at an anonymous survey by clicking this link https://form.jotform.com/243156201083143 Appendix A: Documentation from Planning and Public Meetings 209 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN -roagf r,bmUdKax fvr�.%,hraLwh prn.ni x. jKgw+dn rj �Qcommurky rnrpwrr'Crr e"4rdu-rt —r pDAM aw, rc�.or 4,r.uwMw.3 �4nnea aY g er.nor.s,.q�Arnea.tIml„mrlrd-fmd� <i...t ,=0 CWAdrrAWMa6kkLk+W-4rnprxkndunrgraiwrffr F3 Auj4r GRAPEVINE Lrwrpmey NUnvpenhm LMTKo: MC.-M-era k" hrwnWncy;hwq- rm al OVirr k2 Hazard Mitigation 'Yewsw"ofrh.-Ior[ vw-IIIla��rr U.1kC "!krwm IR 0,d— :1 4iv I.nt ��7ndR}n11[M. 0aReady Grapevine is with City of Grapevine Texas Government. Published by TJ. Manar ��R 0 • August 25 Good morning, Grapevine neighbors! We need your voice to help shape our city's Hazard Mitigation Action Plan, This plan identifies the risks our community faces from various hazards and outlines the steps we'll take to reduce those risks. Your input is key to ensuring we prioritize the right actions to protect Grapevine. IF Please take a moment to share your thoughts and concerns by filling out the short form via the link or QR code below: https-.jjforrns.office.comjrj9GBm6... See more E�Mfm-mllllll 210 Appendix A: Documentation from Planning and Public Meetings TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN HALTOM CITY HASLET 0 O 0 Flaltam City Emergency Mann —em CHaLt.,natyEM Aug28 Tan County and participating jurisdictions are updating the current Hazard Mitigation ALYfen Nan, we need your input on the hazards mat Quid affeR our community, and what actiore should t>e taken la reduce those risks. form s.oHice.com fr/9G Bm fi n29Ge w,nrrm meamn9mmrww. wuv �maxn merymw�rmurn �L� m con9'•re MTeYY+tinrrn �mniiq rw.m ory m wueramKui wn vunm rw.mnem me min rmM,n +Y �r„ury✓+neew �mna9wtl3rum�wMew6uwnrw mr wrcmf n.f .....v er •e uaaiNa:u.,,, n R � %�-34 Fs •n�o�W �nxo-d epos ,u�nne wa�h.maeuro• wary ann verocgmlirq,wMeemo goon k.onsmnwn eiry an upaMine un miiy,an P y [.w inm.�n��iania�%TNrinaenan[ ,.ten .... s �€ t4nnE €€Myrtwa iErw r>•t,a wrrw ., , - aa h+W�aWpFr q�. WY "fe+S.vi tr+Jnf• rrtfarr�Y+nu r+'anMGela nr.l flr '+' .-t—lrkltn37, -b"tAaro F�Mrb .�• Y/a wLY Fear tiFEw �r y-. iM rTy. rL mat IL-9— i—itria+-v+r iaxa nienm'utea vaa a+eaerrrf �i,v<rh rNr . r n � rra�m*aLM A rwry rrn r ww ,rl�n vri r.'a } in Qu— PA—. aulirt %-, Appendix A: Documentation from Planning and Public Meetings 211 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN WIME / City of Hurst, TX- City Hall s Ir Published by Sarah Phipps 16 hours ago iGF The Tarrant County Hazard Mitigation Action Plan (HaZMAP) is a tool to assist in the identification and documentation of natural hazards faced by the county and participating jurisdictions. Hazard profiles were created by compiling data from the North Central Texas Council of Governments (NCTCOG) regional natural hazares risk assessments, damage assessments, hazard data, and geographic information. Please use the QR code or the link below to access the Tarrant County Hazard Mitigation Action Plan Public/Stakeholder Survey.. Thank you for your input on the risks from hazards that would affect Tarrant County, and what actions should be taken to reduce those risks. https,.//forms.office.com/r/9GBm5n28Ce KELLER Frequently Asked Questions accordance with the City of Keller's Emergency Management Plan. The Tarrant County Hazard Mitigation Action Plan was developed through a partnership between the City of Keller, North Central Texas Council of Governments, Tarrant County Office of Resources & Links Emergency Management, DallaslFort Worth International Airport and 23 other surrounding jurisdictions. Pool Safety Only portions of the Tarrant County Hazard Mitigation Action Plan (PDF) pertaining to the City of Keller are available for download from this 550-page document The complete plan is available for viewing at the Community Development Department in Keller Town Hall. Public Feedback on the 2024 Update: English Spanish 212 Appendix A: Documentation from Planning and Public Meetings LN Tarrant County Hazard Mitigation Plan Survey Here is the links to the survey to get public participation: English: _.,,��_.<.�n Spanish: . • Comfortable Living In The Town of Lakeside Town of Lakeside is a residential town located in the northwest corner of Tarrant County, Texas. We are approximately 2,260 residents. We are very close tc Fort Worth city. Our town was created in 1958. Seethe boundaries of Town of Lakeside. TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN MANSFIELD zzzf MANSFIELD 0 We want to hear Irom yov I re -M4"D-W-4 r. ac..�wo�err. iq,J alFr rl{ Y+Y•Y{"Y'4hMFe+i W {{ie,M+rY.{er+AM1 NORTH RICHLAND HILLS From: R-ly, Darnell a— dean1500asl—lobaLnet: Gldub-00mail.com: michaelwlittle194900maii.— s brid-9bhotmail.com: IEslevhenrv33jitumalLcom; ae5fl�pm :clan bentrup�omaibmm; Raddga6h�vahog.mm; tomcattechaoro.t—il.com: houstonih�omaitcomaia na6lackmon�omalLcom. irblaw09wahoo.mm: viahtl�vmail.rnm tmm�nrh�nmaitrnm; eadhrnr5�nmail.rnm: amMrenvnn.mnneP.linnfmnmaitrnm: card1 tbmi.bal.net khtrain6l�vahoo.com Robeit�Robeitl(eith.mm• toni.9eeaaacreditirio—ii RCRDOK6I �ATT.NFT; kehgffaith&omail.mm: pg ur�hohnaitcom: ]berg 175Mho ail.com: dc6uehrerfthotmall.comco . mcerook�hobnaitm; komachift—b l.net: tomonrh�omaiLcom: k htrai 5hntmai l.rnm hadhrir�haltnmrRvM1.rnm; nFlfmvahnn.rnm. okninhtt gihhcrhivcliet®nmail.rnm. noiijan didowner,mm• janeibirke5�omdll.com; smnwaite�s6cglo6al.net; cesai328 �flash.net• bodooddaDmail.mm', cheJ3151997wahoo.com: mcubed1956c. malbcnm; ma—na2�h,,aiLmm steele.taylor�yahgo.com• K27ateeleigmail.com; jparke5foroton.me• msu1976wRexas�gmai l,mm•. rnh Tscnnv�shrpinhal"net.. ^ntemMr name.. Rnh rani id Kew"nr wrapma rn^ frn.ln uw��nrhh.rnm. eresa I(po�: Vldi 'gann@hotrnall.rmm, gnahrwchZicbud.rwn Subject: C—unity Risk. Surrey Date: Tuesday, Ru9uat 27, 2024429:Op 1" Attachments: ma..001. Dn. mage002.— Hi NRH CERTAlumni, This will he posted to the NRH website and social media soon— but wanted to share directly with you all in hopes you will complete this survey: The Crty of North Richland Hrlls, alongside otherjunsdictrons rn Tarrant County, is renewing our Hazard Mitigation Action Plan. This plan is reviewed every5 years. Please consider taking this survey to help us understand your concerns about risks from natural hazards rn NRH. Involving you all as key stakeholders and community members rn thrs plannrng process is essential to becoming more disaster -resilient. We will accept responses through Sept. 2dh. Survey linked here. Thank you, Raelyn Darnell Emergency Management Coordinator North Richland Hills Fire Department 817-427-5935 I cell 94C-367-9991 I rdarnelltWnrhfd.com Dedication I Courage I Leadership I Honor I Compassion A TFCA Recognized Agency 214 Appendix A: Documentation from Planning and Public Meetings TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN RKObO F Fmm: L!rur %M WhOM xIC Te: P d" Oai Jl sutyee_ x n h>knlard xs ens oaec r��sarr. ws�e xe,mx 3:st�a lNl J Council Meeting Highlights Following are highlights from at is week's City Council Meeting. For more meeting details and to watch the meeting video, visitww mi tx comlTgendas. Public Hearings on City Budget & Tax Rate The City Council held public hearings on the proposed budget and tax rate for FY 2024-2025. The proposed budget includes more funding for street maintenance and public safety and keeps the property tax rate at 30.489389, which is just below the "No New Revenue rate of E0.489837. Even with the rate remaining the same, individual tax bills may increase, decrease, or stay the same depending on the propedys value change from one year to the next Those with a senior or disabled tax freeze will only pay more in taxes if they have added an to their home or moved to a new home. Around 30% of (homes in NRH have a tax freeze in place. Property owners are en —ged tc visit www tarrand- rdo com to view your estimated tax bill from the City, as well as other taxing entities. There will be another opportunity to provide input tc the rrrrigrr gj �wr�rh! Appendix A: Documentation from Planning and Public Meetings 215 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN RICHLAND HILLS Akk Richland Hills Fire department ir Published by Russell Shelley ••• 0 1rn-0 The City of Richland Hills is part of the Tarrant County Hazard Mitigation Action Plan, and we are currently working with the County to update the plan for 2025. This update happens every five years. Please take the opportunity to follow the links below to submit any feedback you have about natural hazards in the community and any efforts you believe are important to consider for future mitigation. Thank you for your feedback and participation. • English: https.//forms.office.com/r/9GBm6n28Oe • Spanish: https://forms.office.com/r/bbOmXMcU59 FORMS.OFFICE.COM forms.offiice.com See insights and ads RIVER OAKS Boost post psi ��ar r.n„ Is mn�e. 9 r�va�i�.w m ==-'•-,�,�.�.. �c",< - ,�. ,. _. �,u.,e. a _. silo.. _,. .��u1�. u,._ al ,,,,.�, ce�.M ri n... m�:a Grx�ara�,.-� O,cnnza=.a..t Ou.�m„re Your Input Is Needed ( Tu Aporte Es Necesorio) 0 ���w� c, c—bc,r 25 th, E24 SURVEY In conjunction with the preparation of the Tarrant County Mitigation Plan.lhe City of River Oak. oeetls your assistance in tilling out and submitting the enclo.ed survey.( En anjurao mn la p,el,e, .o del plan & hhhlgaclm Del -hda To-. la dwdtl d & RNer Oak. nece.na au asls.-. en completer y eo— el aesllonarro adjust. ). link Haurtlrus M Illgetlm Survey-Ehhil link H—rd—M hlgetlm Surrey-Spanleh Relurn to the P—lims Page our city • ergclas . airy Plrea6ry • Groups F orgonlmtlane Amery 216 Appendix A: Documentation from Planning and Public Meetings TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN SAG I NAW SAGINAW,TX FIRE HOME ABOUT COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT FIR{PREVENTION IWANT TO EH - Q Enter search term... GO Monday Nov. d, Clouds ]5 °F Moll -, --^I, Home } Emergency Management Hazard Mitigation Action Plan Related Pages CERT/Volunteer CODERED Disaster Preparedness Forecast Outdoor Warning System SOUTHLAKE 6 ;1;4AKF Hazard Mitigation Action Plan The City of Saginas`s Office of Emergency Management is working on its Hazard M itigation Action Plan with Tarrant County. The plan is a document that outlines a focal government's evaluation of natural hazards and their strategies to reduce the risks they pose to the community. The plans goal is to reduce or eliminate long-term risks to citizens and property from natural hazards. We want to hear from you The Office of Emergency Management is looking for community feed back so it can address local needs and concerns. Fill out this online survey, which staff will use to more accurately represent the community's concerns. Take the online survey `W%d.— L_ Pq"_L.d.. HJ4+" dha--A%kIW rL.. r— --•—� r,��.4,i,fr,iii��tilti rrr6%r a—_d b F,imkt i-rriF Appendix A: Documentation from Planning and Public Meetings 217 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN TARRANT COUNTY Tarrant County Q @TarrantCountyTX - 43s Promote ••• Tarrant County is updating the Hazard Mitigation Action Plan and seeks public input. Help ensure it reflects community priorities by taking a 5- minute survey at tarrantcountytx.gov/emergencymanag.., a.� take a 5 minute survey EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT Staff > Emergency Management A tarrantcountytx.gov 218 Appendix A: Documentation from Planning and Public Meetings TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER SaferCare Texas to Frost launch of state emergency preparedness, response collaborative jv�a* 2023 i',x 1,4.. 1,1 V: � ,.- s�w..e� h-e is Related Links In iftpr yy 46 m6 ¢o-^4 h*Md k+ mwx enixl 'e dha" 1edpd•6es n Tom 9P-7IhF*Vn Siftr-wu T4-m'} 5W 4 I/�SM Vh.Of•Yi G} IHI T'.suMn ty wnDaenC4 aepmodwi" iesponm MG+y j}:1 oAW6 fflw TW tranng� dDsVicid to NO rA'sjeS� rheamia cw-ff"haWh wakes sdo MW 0AW5"W'vow-4wdm MW k7f as L ITAF.W M0d I hrftwd w1I 4mo pwp Mom 2 LD c P m BvdfA yVcismdaT n Einaks 23U d Tho- t4nw50 U Ik711 Twas F11uM 5Lxkor CotiNY} 6/6iGwQ ado MMQWWV RQISeMrti d E&ICAN B"I; 3M GEMP BIOYwF EM hd;l War Tk* I"e#N "i Vw" <todnS be wos VVW4 „M. Toft W&W iidOnd 0 M U 3 snP Lr&'wnq YM Q" �pwYl +wf44 01 Id*a'i8}Y6. bfibE�561d a �C�SrtS 4W014%g'i WV:)o FM w1 M N4}A Ewwt Ewri NaJue13ex•a3k•msL.%NKaknYAIFjs 7hM iotKW VmW n penyic-M 7bee dsm o d 2W honors ald dwodir W Ow bwn . NO dwwkl d 3MM o T�sx } h # I'1'aw cx•� to nres la•a• Or laosa wmg7 w giMmdwecNx Rm Saftd mo toms PIS' -Is prw't sekq.bnnid ~rwl rAW?ws pkolron wM ho¢mmmn6[r On Pmnksa whefo k[rt Iwlponsa u b-d,: s may [a vwza Appendix A: Documentation from Planning and Public Meetings 219 Watauga Fire Department's Post X "' IP Watauga Fire Department Published by Randy Barkley October 25 at 11:06 AM9 • Q The City of Watauga's Office of Emergency Management is working on its Hazard Mitigation Action Plan with Tarrant County. The plan is a document that outlines a local governments evaluation of natural hazards and their strategies to reduce the risks they pose to the community. The plans goal is to reduce or eliminate long-term risks to citizens and property from natural hazards. The Office of Emergency Management is looking for community feedback so it can address local needs and concerns. Please Fill out this online survey, which staff will use to more accurately represent the community's concerns. Take the online survey in English or Spanish with the links below. English: https:/Iforms.of€ice.com/r/9GBm6n280e Spanish: https://farms.office.com/r/bbOmXMcUS9 A ER!' V Cornment as Watauga Fire Department 0 9 Q G O TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN WESTLAKE 2:54 .d = Westlake Fire -EMS... m - e Q Q Manage posts Posts About Photos More - ®Westlake Fire -EMS Department ... Posted by John Ard 3SM The Town of Westlake Emergency Management Office needs your help. Emergency management focuses on preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery from incidents that may occur in our town. An objective of the Westlake Fire -EMS Department is to reduce or eliminate the city's vulnerability to disasters by actively engaging in hazard mitigation and disaster preparedness activities. We want to receive community feedback to address local needs and concerns. Please click on the link below so you can complete an online survey to capture these concerns so we can better serve our community. The survey is also available on the Town's website under the Fire-EMS/Emergency Management tab. English Survey: https://forms.office.com/r/ 9GBm6n28Oe Spanish Survey: https:liforms.office.com/r/ bbOmXMcUS9 Appendix A: Documentation from Planning and Public Meetings 221 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN WESTWORTH VILLAGE Emergency Management Information The tars star irm encour{ersin writ ana rrupw mar rtrariysv.ryrasrndar yrar. D—waii"seaxrlx d-rduringpnor yeahr raM�.ed[msel IRe and proeefq. BeMg frewedm iet n elan errlergenryswacon otical m the healdt and safety ofyou andpaw vrrhnnd fora PeeMtms If the VIry To Hazard Mitigation Action Plan . •.. Fraf erV I.Ulgd[� Ilfl�ar5 Ran. ThMeiMe. irerrdrM kke LW lrlcpnfage r.-.�.t l; [�'r-•lv :^a d['n'e�-e' d': ��':r 5���'al. a stlolatllYt fake Tort! thin 5-10 mlM tocprrlptete, T11Na(you fprhetpilo • EcJ21ii`: MttOrYrfpfleH.pKk7.{plrlrfKGCTpf12Wf • $par.sh: h4tps11forms.� .comfNbadnu(YadlfSi WHITE SETTLEMENT WHITE SETTLEMENT FIRE DEPARMENT MEET THE FIRE CHIEF ABOUTUS FIRE INSPECTIONS IV �- fjgp e, cturiluuasiz,E Fire Marshal Harsrd Mitigation Hazard Mitigation The Clty of Whlte Settlement's Ofhce of Emergency Management Is working on Its Hazard Mitigation Actlon Plan with Tarrant Ceurlry. This document outlines a local governments evaluation or natural hazards and their strategies to reduc rthe risks they pose to the community. The ultimate goal of e Hazard Mitigation Action plan is to reduce or even eliminate long-term risks to residents and their property from natural hazards, WE WANT YOUR INPUT We are looking for feedback from the community to make sure the Hazard Mngation Action Plan addresses the needs and concerns of our community members. Please take a few minutes to fill out the survey linked b6ow so we can make sure the plan accurately represents your ooncems. TAKF THE SURVEY fFNGI ISHI T9Klit THE SLR,Y.EK.WAWWF FIRE MARSHAL 222 Appendix A: Documentation from Planning and Public Meetings TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Appendix A: Documentation from Planning and Public Meetings 223 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Survey Documentation 10/27124, 7A7AM Tarrant County Hazard Mitigation Action Plan PublidStakeholder Survey Tarrant County Hazard Mitigation Action Plan Public/Stakeholder Survey Oct 27, 2024 What natural hazards concern you? We need your input on the risks from natural, man-made, and technological hazards that could affect Tarrant County, and what actions should be taken to reduce those risks, " Required This surrey coil help us understand your concerns about risks from natural hazards. Natural hazards could affect Tarrant County ere numerous end provided in questions beksw. How familiar are you with hazard mitigation? Hamrd mitigviion a ary wsWoed vctia+ taken to reduce ar e&nmte the igng-term risk tv human Uk and Property ft— humrdz O Natatallfamihar ONotveryfamller ONotsure C) Somewhat familiar OVery familiar https:lfforms.office.=nA-i3gesIDesignPageV2.aspxlorigin-NeoPorlalPagesubpage-,design&id-EZ1Sy8zmvEeiH-vAW %vRyZ1e4iN74RKkGCr1c... 1110 224 Appendix A: Documentation from Planning and Public Meetings TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 10f27/24, 7:47AM Tarrant County Hazard M itigatio n Action Plan Pu blic/Stakeholder Su rvey How concerned are you about the following natural hazards impacting your community? * Very concerned Somewhat concerned Neutral Draught ® O Earthquake .. O o Expansive Soils V O O Flooding (including dam 0 O O failure) Thunderstorms (including hail 0 O O wind, lightning) Tornadoes O O O Wildfire 0 O 0 Winter Storm 0 O C'; What parts of your community (including buildings, people, economic activities and events, and natural areas) are most at risk to these hazards? Please be specific, if known. * What at -risk areas (including structures, infrastructures, and natural areas) or people in your community would you like to see protected from future disasters? Be specific, if known. * Examples: 7) The comer of Riser St and Main St /load; consistently blocking Uvftk and access to River St Hospital, 2) Main St School was not built to current codes. R should be prioritized for a mitigation project to reduce risk from future earthquakes 3) The residents in Forest Neighborhood are mostly elderly, and not able to maintain enough defensible space around their property themselves. A community defensible space program could help reduce their wildfire risk 4) New buildings were built off of River St. in the last five year; and now it floods every time it rains•. Suggest we do a study to find out what is happening. https:/ffonns.office.comlPages/DesignPageV2.aspx?orig in=NeoPortalPage8subpage=desig n&id=EZ1SyBzmvEeiH-vAW WJwRyZi e4iN7QRKkGGr1c... 2110 Appendix A: Documentation from Planning and Public Meetings 225 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 10/27124, 7A7AM Tarrant County Hazard Mitigation Action Plan PublidStakeholder Survey Rate the importance of the following statements in determining community priorities for reducing risk from future disasters. Very Important Somewhat Important Neutral Low Protecting O n l� private property protecting Vanspvrtalion networlm, �J C haspitals, fire stations Preventing development in haaard areas [e.g. not o o L allowing construction in haodptains Improving or preseNing ratiral features C O C such as streams and wetlands Protecting land cultural O O Q landmarks Encouraging oollatwration between Government cies. agenncies, O O individuals, ran -profit organi7a0ns, and companies Protecting and reducing damage to O O O utility structures (utility pots, leres,and wires) Incorporating natural features or processes into the built environment to promote sustainability, ada portion, and resilience O 0 [allowing forests to regrow, restoring wetlands and streams inprovirg air and water qualm Strengthening emergency services (egg., U f~• '~ po ice, fire, ambulance) https:Ilforms.office.00mlPagesIDesignPageV2.aSpxiorlgin=NeoPpRa[Page&s ubpage =4�esig n&id=EZ 1Sy8zmvEeiH-vAW WJwRyZ104iN7QRKkOCr1 c... 3110 226 Appendix A: Documentation from Planning and Public Meetings TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 10127124, 7A7AM Tenant County Hazard M ltlgaW n Action Plan PublidStelreholder Survey http3Jtforms.efflm.COmlPag0&DeslgnPageV2.aapxiorigln=NeoPortalPage&Bubpap=doglgn&W=EZ1Sy$zmvEoIH-vAWWJwRyZl"N7QRKk[3Cr10... 4190 Appendix A: Documentation from Planning and Public Meetings 227 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 10/27124, 7A7ANI Tarrant County Hazard Mitigation Acdon Plan PublidStakeholder Survey Please indicate how likely you are to support the following types of community actions to reduce risk * Very Supportive Somewhat supportive Neutral So-" Retrofitting or mkxating critical facilipes O O in high -risk areas Equipping critical facilities O ( r� with emergency v power sources Funding studies to understand risk and develop mitigation nacommendetio n5 Creating and maintaining defensible space around O �-� structures and u infrastructure to reduce w ldfire risk Developing community groupsto support vufnerabfe C O C populations before, during, and after d Isastgr event Sharing the draft H=rd Mitigation Wan through social c O C media for pubic comment Implement-ing nature -based so4tiom like ran gardens, open space ri l� L programs, and stream restoration. Adopting and enforcing .� current building U cod es Adopting and enforcing more stringent building codes (such as requimg additional elevation of properties in high -risk flood zones) Adapting hioher https:ffforrns.office.ovmlPageslDeslgnPageV2."p)clongin=NeoPpRa[Page&s ubpage =4�esig n&id=EZ 1Sy8zmvEeiH-vAW WJwRyZi e4iN7QRKkOCr1 c... 5110 228 Appendix A: Documentation from Planning and Public Meetings TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 10/27124, 7A7AM Tarrant County Hazard Mitigation Acdon Plan PublidStakeh0lder Survey regulatory standardsfor new l..- development within unstable Slope areas Incorporating drought - tolerant plants irdo public landscaping Upgrading culverts and siormwater o .. management systems Developing and enforcing water corse o 0 0 measures during drought corditions Holding public edumtion/outre O o ach wants on mitigation Providing the pubic man: technical informatim on how to reduce risk What other types of hazard mitigation activities would you support in your community taking? Be specific if you know an area or structure which needs to be mitigated.' https:ftforms.office.=nA'ageslHeSignPageV2.ospx?orlgin=NeoPpRa[Page&s ubpage =-�esig n&id=EZ 1Sy8zmvE01H-vAW WJwRyZ104iN7QRKkOCr1 c... 0110 Appendix A: Documentation from Planning and Public Meetings 229 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 10/27124, 7A7ANI Tarrant County Hazard Mitigation Acdon Plan PublidStakeholder Survey For your own property or business, what have you done to protect your own home from natural hazards? Select all that apply.' Elevated and anchored utilities (rake FNAC} m protect against flood damage Anchored bookcases or cabinets to walls ❑ Secured water heater to wall Installed a backflow calve an your sewer system to prevent sewage hackup Used ire -retard ant and/or food -resistant materials in new wnaruction ❑Created 6 inches of vertical clearance between the ground and home siding to reduce the likelihood oifire ignition Instalied a generates to pmhride emergency power ❑ Installed a rain harvesting system ❑ Used drought-tvlerant plants in landscaping and planted shadetrees to reduce extreme heat effects and absorb rainwater Installed weatherstripping on exterior doors and windows rj Canstrvcted or installed a wrrada shelter in Or near the home Reinforced garage and doubletntry coo rs w prevent failure under wind pressure Installed impact -resistant roofing shingles 1 rent my property and have not made changes. El I am notsure. What insurance coverage for natural hazards do you have? This may be found in your home or renters insurance policy, * ❑ Flood insurance ❑ Earthquakeinsurance ❑ Landslideinsvranca Fire insurance Windstorm insurance I do not ham natural hazard insurance r_awerage I do not know if I haws natural hard insurance coverage https:fffonns.office.00mlPageslDesignPageV2."p)clorgin=NeoPpRa[Page&s ubpage =4�esig n&id=EZ 1Sy8zmvE0iH-vAW WJwRyZ104iN7QRKkOCrl c... 7110 230 Appendix A: Documentation from Planning and Public Meetings TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 10127124, 7A7AM Torrent County Hazard MlggationAction Plan PublidStekeholder Survey How do you get information about the hazards that could impact your community and steps to reduce your risk? Check all that apply. ❑ Newspaper ❑ Terevision ❑ Radio ❑ schools ❑ public WorkshopVMeetings ❑ Qmmunity gmu ps, cum m unity members, word of mouth Direct mail ❑ Magazines ❑ Social media (Facetmook, etc.) ❑ Digital advertising (pup -up ads) ❑ Outdoor advertisements (billboards) ❑ Text messages ❑ Other How would you rate the effectiveness of disaster -related pudic education and awareness activities in your community? Check the best answer. . OI receive enough inionnation on the hazards that threaten rycommunity and understand how w reduce my dsk from future disasters, I receive enough information on the hazards that threaten mycommunity but don't undersmnd how I can O reduce my nsk from future disasters. I do not receive enough information on my local hazards, but I understand how I on reduce my risk from future Odisasters. I do not receive enough information on my local haards, and I do not understand haw I can reduce my risk O from futuretisastemS Mp3Jtforme.offloo.comlPage&DeslgnPageV2.aapx?origln=NeoPortalPage&Bubpap=dealg n&k1=EZ1Sy8zmvE01H-vAW WJwRyZl"N7QRKk(3Cr10... 8/1 D Appendix A: Documentation from Planning and Public Meetings 231 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 10127124, 7A7AM Torrent County Hazard MlggatbnAction Plan PublfdStakehoklar Survey Which of the following statements applies to you? Check all that apply. ❑ lamage65vrolder, ❑ I am age 18 oryuungw. I am a veteran. 1 have a disability. LJ I primarily speak a language other than Englbsh at home. 1 am an immigrant 1 am a single parent I do not have stable housing. ❑ I am a woman. ❑ 1 am a person of color, ❑ I am a member of a tribe. ❑ I represent a socially vulnerable or undwr rwd population. ❑ I identify as LGBTUTA+, ❑ My income is less than f46.270 for aone- person household, My household income is less than $5Z800 for a two -person household. My household income is less than $59,400 for a three -person household. My household income is less than $65,950 for a four -person hcuwhold- ❑ My household inmmo is less than $71,250 for a five -person household. 1 identify with one or more of these groups but prefer not to specify. None of the above. where do you live or world http3Jffbmisvfl0e.ccmiPagesA:)eslgnPageV2.aapxiorlgln=NeoPortalPage&Bubpage=dealgn&ld=EZ1Sy$zmvEelH-vAWWJwRyZl"N70RKk[3Cr10... W1D 232 Appendix A: Documentation from Planning and Public Meetings TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 10127124, 7A7AM Torrent County Hazard M ItlgaW n Action Plan PublidStakeholdar Survey Which of the following statements applies to your work? OI work for the Counyr or a Caty, Town or withi n To rant County O1 work for a special district within Tarrant County QI work for a state or federal age ncy that operates in TarrantCounty. QI work for a neighboring jurisdiction. O 1 work for a non-profit or oornrnunitybased organiza*n in Tarrant County. OI vrak for a busi ness in Tarrant County. O1 work for a school or u n Nwsity in Tarry ni County. ONone of the above. Do you have disabilityor live with an individual with a disability and are concerned about when a disaster strikes? what planning concems do you fed should be addressed? Are you interested in leaming more about hazard mitigation or participating in future projects? If so, please provide your ernal. This content 4 neither created nor endorsed by Microsoft The data you submit will be sent to the furor owner. Microsoft Forms Mp3Jtforme.offloo.comlPages1DeslgnPageV2.aapx?ongln=NeoPortalPage&Bubpap=deelgn&ld=EZ1SyftmvEelH-vAW WJwRyZl"N7QRKk(3Crl ... 10710 Appendix A: Documentation from Planning and Public Meetings 233 Appendix 6: Acronyms TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Appendix 6: Acronyms AAR After Action Review AEM [company name] CASA Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere CDC Corridor Development Certificate CFR Code of Federal Regulations CRE Community Resilience Estimates CRF Community Risk Factor DFIRM Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map DFW Dallas —Fort Worth DMA 2000 Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 EAL expected annual loss EMC Emergency Management Coordinator EOC Emergency Operations Coordinator EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency FMAG Fire Mitigation Assistance Grant GIS Geographic information systems HazMAP Hazard Mitigation Action Plan HHPD High Hazard Potential Dam HMAP Hazard Mitigation Action Plan [for the State of Texas] HMGP Hazard Mitigation Grant Program HMPT Hazard Mitigation Planning Team HVAC Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning KBDI Keetch-Byram Drought Index LAL lightning activity level MMI Modified Mercalli Intensity [earthquake scale] NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information NCTCOG North Central Texas Council of Governments NFIP National Flood Insurance Program NGDC National Geophysical Data Center NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NRI National Risk Index NWS National Weather Service PDSI Presence -Sensing Device Initiation PTSD posttraumatic stress disorder Appendix B: Acronyms 235 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN RCP Representative Concentration Pathway [of temperature change] SHELDUS Spatial Hazard Events and Losses Database SHMP State Hazard Mitigation Plan SVI Social Vulnerability Index TAD Tarrant Appraisal District TDEM Texas Division of Emergency Management TDPS Texas Department of Public Safety TFS Texas Forest Service TORRO Tornado and Storm Research Organization UNTHSC University of North Texas Health Science Center USACE United States Army Corps of Engineers USGS United States Geological Survey UTA University of Texas at Arlington WUI Wildland—Urban Interface 236 Appendix B: Acronyms TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Appendix B: Acronyms 237 Appendix C: Dam Profile Information TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Appendix C: Dam Profile Information (NOT PUBLIC) Dam Failure Overview This appendix consolidates all dam failure -related information for Tarrant County, including regulatory context, hazard classification, dam inventory, emergency action plans (EAPs), risk and vulnerability assessments, historical events, and detailed profiles for high hazard potential dams (HHPDs). A dam is defined as a barrier constructed across a watercourse for the purpose of storing, controlling, or diverting water. Dams typically are constructed of earth, rock, concrete, or mine tailings. A dam failure is an accidental or unintentional collapse, breach, or other failure of an impoundment structure that results in downstream flooding. Because dams are human -made structures, dam failures are usually considered technological hazards. State Dam Safety Office Coordination In the development of Appendix C, the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) played a pivotal role by serving as a primary source for regulatory guidance, dam inventory data, and emergency planning resources. TCEQ's dam safety office provided critical information regarding the classification of dams, including the identification and listing of high hazard potential dams (HHPDs) within Tarrant County for 2025. Their data was instrumental in risk and vulnerability assessments, ensuring that the profiles and historical events documented in the appendix reflected accurate and up-to-date regulatory standards. Additionally, the TCEQ dam safety office was contacted via phone call and email and provided supplemental guidance to assist with this effort. This collaboration with TCEQ ensured that Appendix C was grounded in authoritative state data and regulatory requirements. High Hazard Hoienuai uam Lnteria The FEMA High Hazard Potential Dam (HHPD) grant program was established to provide financial assistance for the rehabilitation of non -Federal dams that pose a significant risk to public safety due to their classification as high hazard potential. The history of the program reflects a growing recognition of the need to address aging infrastructure and prevent catastrophic dam failures by supporting state - regulated dams that do not meet minimum safety standards. The intent of the program is to reduce risks associated with dam failures by ensuring that eligible dams are brought up to safety codes, have approved emergency action plans, and are properly maintained to protect downstream communities and critical assets. A dam considered as eligible under the grant must meet the following criteria:139 (A) In general, the term "eligible high hazard potential dam" means a non -Federal dam that 139 FEMA, "Rehabilitation of High Hazard Potential Dams Grant Program," https://www.fema.gov/qrants/mitigation/learn/dam-safety/rehabilitation-high-hazard-potential-dams. Appendix C: Dam Profile Information 239 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN (i) is located within a state with a state dam safety program and regulated under that state dam safety program; (ii) is classified as high hazard potential by the relevant state dam safety agency; (iii) has an emergency action plan that I. is approved by the relevant state dam safety agency; or II. is in conformance with state law and pending approval by the relevant state dam safety agency (iv) fails to meet minimum dam safety standards of the state in which the dam is located, as determined by the state dam safety agency; (v) and has a condition assessment rating of POOR or UNSATISFACTORY as identified in the National Inventory of Dams (NID) no later than 9/15/2023. (B) Exclusion: the term "eligible high hazard potential dam" does not include a licensed hydroelectric dam under a hydropower project with an authorized installed capacity of greater than 1.5 megawatts; or a dam built under the authority of the Secretary of Agriculture under 33 U.S.C. § 467(4)(A) Utilizing the criteria, it was determined that 2 of the State -regulated dams within Tarrant County meet the provided criteria to be considered a high hazard potential dam or HHPD. For the purposes of this appendix, information about all dams will be provided, however analysis will be focused on those qualifying for HHPD. LOCATION AND EXTENT The hazard extent rating scale for dam failure is based on the amount of potential damage that can be caused by a failure. For the purposes of this hazard analysis, damage from dam failure takes into account only those areas where developed property is affected. Dam failures can cause extensive damage; thanks to diligent maintenance and an array of other measures to ensure structural integrity, none has been recorded in Tarrant County. Of the 67 dams in Tarrant County, 95% are owned/managed by a state agency, and 3% are regulated by a federal agency.140 Figure 97 provides a view of dam location and extent for the high and significant hazard dams within Tarrant County. Table 54 summarizes the number high/significant hazard potential dams in Tarrant 140 National Inventory of Dams, https:Hnid.sec.usace.army.mi1/#/dams/search/sv=Ca)countyState:Tarrant,%2OTexas&viewTvpe=map&resuItsTvpe=da ms&advanced=false&hideList=false&eventSystem=false. 240 Appendix C: Dam Profile Information TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN County provided by the TCEQ, by jurisdiction and their ownership status (public/private). It was presumed that dams not paired with a city name are located in unincorporated areas of Tarrant County, however this may not be accurate. Table 54: Ownership of High/Significant Hazard Dams in Tarrant County, by Jurisdiction141 Arlington Number of High/Significant Hazard D. • 4 Private OwnershipJurisdiction 1 Ownership110= 3 Bedford 1 0 1 Crowley 1 1 0 Dalworthington Gardens (not profiled for this plan) 1 0 1 Euless 2 1 1 Fort Worth 18 4 14 Haltom City 1 0 1 Hurst 1 0 1 North Richland Hills 2 2 0 Southlake 2 2 0 Watauga 1 0 1 Westlake 6 6 0 Possibly Unincorporated Tarrant County 4 0 4 Totals 44 17 27 141 TCEQ, Tarrant County Dam Report, 08/2025. Appendix C: Dam Profile Information 241 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN UVsstlaice o rr •� L• Haslet Southlake Keller o Grapevine -4 CI Azle ❑n U • Colleyville • Saginaw Wpauga • Blue Mound North • Euless • Richland Hills ldford takeside LTake • • I -' Worth Rich Ian Hurst (� Haltom City Hills • River Oaks Westworth • • agek • Arlington n Fort Worth • • • •Pantego • • • Dalwolkh ni gton • Gardens B —brook ~' p o Edgec-liff Forest Hill • �`Kennedale • Everman Mansfield Crowley �_T Legend Hazard Dam Hazard Ratings N • HIGH n O SIGNIFICANT N ©IEM.GE4 TarrantCounty 0 3 6Mi y / S.0 :TCGIS,TCEQ Figure 97: High and Significant Hazard Dam Ratings for Tarrant County142 EXTENT DESCRIPTION Extent for dams is categorized by hazard level as well as dam condition. The TCEQ includes all dams meeting the following criteria, shown in Figure 98, from their Texas Dam Safety program jurisdiction. Height is equal to or exceeds 25 feet, and storage exceeds 15 acre-feet. Height exceeds 6 feet, and storage is equal to or exceeds 50 acre-feet 142 TCEQ, Tarrant County Dam Report, 08/2025. 242 Appendix C: Dam Profile Information TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 70 60 50 0 30 20 10 E 0 4114CLUDED In Texas Dam Safety Jurisdiction EXCLUDED from Texas Dam Safety Jurisdiction if low hazard dam '0 20 K =C Maximum Storage Capacity (ac.ft) Figure 98: TCEQ Dam Safety Jurisdiction Criterion by Height and Maximum Storage Capacity"' For the purposes of targeted analysis, this appendix limited analysis to dams that are included in the Texas Dam Safety Jurisdiction and classified as High or Significant hazard. HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONS Hazard classifications issued by the TCEQ are based on potential loss of human life or property downstream. This classification is not based on the condition of the dam. According the Dam Safety 101 curriculum provided by the TCEQ, the following characteristics are used to classify dams in Texas. HIGH HAZARD POTENTIAL CLASSIFICATION Loss of life is expected as the TCEQ hazard analysis indicates that three or more habitable structures are likely to be impacted by the failure of the dam. In addition to an expected loss of life, the high classification is also associated with excessive economic loss and extensive damage to public facilities, agricultural, industrial, or commercial facilities, public utilities, main highways and railroads used as a major transportation system. SIGNIFICANT HAZARD POTENTIAL CLASSIFICATION Loss of life is possible as the TCEQ hazard analysis indicates that one to two habitable structures are likely being impacted by the failure of the dam. In addition to the possible loss of life, significant hazard classification is also associated with appreciable economic loss through the anticipated damage to 143 TCEQ, "Texas Dam Safety Program: Dam Safety 101" presentation file. DamSafety101 2.23.22.pptx.pdf Appendix C: Dam Profile Information 243 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN isolated homes, secondary highways, damage to minor railroads or interruption of service or use of public facilities. LOW HAZARD POTENTIAL CLASSIFICATION No loss of life is expected as the TCEQ hazard analysis indicates that there are no habitable homes expected to be impacted by the failure of the dam. In addition to no expected loss of life, the low hazard classification is also associated with minimal economic loss, with impacts limited to local roads and limited agricultural improvements/farm buildings. Table 55 lists the high and significant hazard dams in Tarrant County provided by the TCEQ as a report sent to the Tarrant County Office of Emergency Management in August of 2025. 244 Appendix C: Dam Profile Information TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Table 55: Complete Inventory of Dams for Tarrant County for all High and Significant Levels744 Allan Saxe No, Fair TX09561 Arlington City of Arlington Yes Identification Fair 9 3 No risk Unknown Unknown Unknown Pond Condition and description index for of the dam. dam Inundation zones unavailable. Arlington Yes TX07226 Arlington City of Arlington Yes Identification Poor 24 69 No risk Unknown Unknown Unknown Southwest and description index for Nature of the dam. dam Preserve I Inundation Dam zones unavailable. Bal Lake Yes TX07108 Fort Worth Jearl Walker Yes EAP last Poor 22 31 No risk Unknown Unknown Unknown Dam updated index for 05/24/2010 dam Boys Ranch No, Good TX07434 Bedford City of Bedford Yes EAP last Good 18 50 No risk Unknown Unknown Unknown Activity Condition Parks Department updated index for Center Dam 09/21/2015 dam Capp Smith No, Good TX07030 Watauga City of Watauga Yes EAP last Good 20 287 No risk Unknown Unknown Unknown Park Condition updated index for Retention 02/18/2010 dam Lake Dam Cement No, Good TX04794 Fort Worth Tarrant Regional Yes Identification Good 63 4,200 No risk Unknown Unknown Unknown Creek Dam Condition Water District and description index for AL of the dam. dam Inundation 144 Source: National Inventory of Dams, https://nid.sec.usace.army.mi1/#/dams/search/sv=6E7countyState:Tarrant,%20Texas&viewTvpe=map&resuitsType=dams&advanced=false&hideList=false&eventSystem=false. And TCEQ Report from August 2025 Italicized dams are not in the participating jurisdictions of this hazard mitigation plan update.. Appendix C: Dam Profile Information 245 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN zones unavailable. Chisholm No, Good TX09608 Hurst City of Hurst Yes Identification Good 11 40 No risk Unknown Unknown Unknown Park Lake and description index for Dam of the dam. dam Inundation zones unavailable. Circle T No, No EAP TX07499 Not Listed Ail Investment LP No No EAP Good 9 82 No risk Unknown Unknown Unknown Regional and Good index for Detention Condition dam Dam Deer Creek No, No EAP TX06938 Not Listed Deer Creek No No EAP Fair 14 126 No risk Unknown Unknown Unknown Estates and Fair Estates Homes index for Dam Condition dam Eagle No, Fair TX07555 Not Listed Tarrant Regional s Identification Fair 37 4,200 No risk Unknown Unknown Unknown Mountain Condition Water District and description index for Balancing of the dam. dam Reservoir Inundation Dam zones unavailable. Eagle No, Good TX00779 Fort Worth Tarrant Regional Yes Identification Good 85 677,127 No risk Unknown Unknown Unknown Mountain Condition Water District and description index for Dam of the dam. dam Inundation zones unavailable. East No, Good TX05215 Bisbee Tarrant Regional Yes EAP last Good 42 488 No risk Unknown Unknown Unknown Balancing Condition Water District updated index for Reservoir 01 /13/2011 dam Dam 246 Appendix C: Dam Profile Information TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Echo Lake No, Fair TX04558 Fort Worth Tarrant County Yes EAP last Fair 33 780 No risk Unknown Unknown Unknown Dam Condition updated index for 02/17/2012 dam Eden Lake No, No EAP TX07155 Fort Worth The Landing at No Identification Good 26 68 No risk Unknown Unknown Unknown Dam and Good Eden Lake and description index for Condition Homeowners of the dam. dam Association Inundation zones unavailable. Elkins Lake No, Fair TX07432 Dalworthington City of Yes EAP last Fair 21 118 No risk Unknown Unknown Unknown Dam Condition Gardens Dalworthington updated index for Gardens 07/30/2019 dam Fidelity No, Fair TX07121 Trophy Club FMR Texas Yes Identification Fair 24 81 No risk Unknown Unknown Unknown North Lake Condition Limited and description index for Dam Partnership of the dam. dam Inundation zones unavailable. Fidelity No, Fair TX07120 Trophy Club FMR Texas Yes Identification Fair 18 58 No risk Unknown Unknown Unknown South Lake Condition Limited and description index for Dam Partnership of the dam. dam Inundation zones unavailable. Fosdic Lake No, Fair TX04416 Fort Worth City of Fort Worth Yes EAP last Fair 29 125 No risk Unknown Unknown Unknown Dam Condition updated index for 12/20/2010 dam French Lake No, TX07106 Fort Worth Significant City of Fort Worth Yes EAP last Good 13 67 No risk Unknown Unknown Unknown Dam Significant updated index for Hazard and 12/20/2010 dam Good Condition Appendix C: Dam Profile Information 247 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 0 4- 0 M Glen No, Good TX07064 Not listedHigh en Garden Golf Yes Identification No risk Unknown Unknown .. Unknown Garden Golf Condition and Country Club and description index for and Country of the dam. MEN dam Club Dam Inundation zones unavailable. Greenbriar No, TX09625 Fort Worth Significant City of Fort Worth Yes EAP last Fair 11 11 No risk Unknown Unknown Unknown Dam Significant updated index for Hazard and 12/20/2010 dam Fair Condition Knapp Lake No, No EAP TX00782 Haltom City Texas Department No Identification Fair 30 154 No risk Unknown Unknown Unknown Dam and Fair of Transportation and description index for Condition of the dam. dam Inundation zones unavailable. Lake No, Good TX00776 Arlington City of Arlington 7ers Identification Good 99 130,000 No risk Unknown Unknown Unknown Arlington Condition and description index for Dam of the dam. dam Inundation zones unavailable. Lake Como No, Good TX00777 Fort Worth City of Fort Worth Yes EAP last Good 51 327 No risk Unknown Unknown Unknown Dam Condition updated index for 12/20/2010 dam Lake Mb 3a No, No EAP TX07076 Not listed Hillwood No No EAP Fair 12 20 No risk Unknown Unknown Unknown Dam and Fair Properties index for Condition Corporation dam Lake Mb3 No, No EAP TX09448 Not listed Hillwood No No EAP Poor 10 15 No risk Unknown Unknown Unknown Dam Properties index for Corporation dam 248 Appendix C: Dam Profile Information TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Lake Worth No, Good TX00785 Fort Worth City of Fort Worth Yes Identification Good 61 110,980 No risk Unknown Unknown Unknown Dam Condition and description index for of the dam. dam Inundation zones unavailable. Loughridge No, Fair TX00778 Not listed City of Fort Worth Not EAP last Fair 42 295 No risk Unknown Unknown Unknown Lake Dam Condition Required updated index for 12/20/2010 dam Luther Lake No, Good TX07457 Fort Worth City of Fort Worth Yes Identification Good 12 67 No risk Unknown Unknown Unknown Dam Condition and description index for of the dam. dam Inundation zones unavailable. Mansfield No, No EAP TX00784 Mansfield Mansfield No Identification Good 85 16,491 No risk Unknown Unknown Unknown ISD Ron and Good Independent and description index for Whitson Condition School District of the dam. dam Agricultural (ISD) Inundation Center Dam zones unavailable. Marine No, Good TX09552 Fort Worth Tarrant Regional EAP last Good 12 32 No risk Unknown Unknown Unknown Creek Dam Condition Water District updated index for 12/17/2010 dam McPherson No, Good TX05790 Fort Worth McPherson Ranch Yes Identification Good 24 129 No risk Unknown Unknown Unknown Ranch Dam Condition Owners and description index for Association of the dam. dam Inundation zones unavailable. Meadows No, No EAP TX09598 Richland Hills Meadow Lakes No No EAP Fair 16 26 No risk Unknown Unknown Unknown Lakes East and Fair Community index for Lake Dam Condition Improvement dam Association, Appendix C: Dam Profile Information 249 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Skylark Circle Community Improvement Association Meadows No, No EAP TX00787 North Richland Meadow Lakes No No EAP Fair 10 130 No risk Unknown Unknown Unknown Lakes West and Fair Hills Community index for Lake Dam Condition Improvement dam Association, Skylark Circle Community Improvement Association Park Hill No, Good TX07572 Fort Worth N/A s Good Not Not Detention Condition available available Dam Pd3 1 East No, Good TX07137 Not listed The Vaquero Club Yes Identification Good 23 100 No risk Unknown Unknown Unknown Lake Dam 1 Condition Inc. and description index for of the dam. dam Inundation zones unavailable. Ridglea No, No EAP TX09003 Not listed David Smith, Mark No No EAP Fair 23 23 No risk Unknown Unknown Unknown Country and Fair Gerrick, Shawn index for Club Condition Smith dam Estates Dam Stone Lakes No, TX07487 Not listed Significant Stone Lake Yes Identification Good 16 57 No risk Unknown Unknown Unknown Dam Significant Homeowners and description index for Hazard and Association of the dam. dam Good Inundation Condition zones unavailable. 250 Appendix C: Dam Profile Information TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 0 4- Timberlake No, TX09321 • Southlake Significant Timber Lake Yes Identification Good 12 37 No risk Unknown Unknown .. Unknown Phase 5 Significant Residential and description index for Hazard and Association Inc, of the dam. dam Good City of Southlake Inundation Condition zones unavailable. Trigg Lake No, Good TX05801 Irving Dallas -Fort Worth Yes Identification Good 46 1,012 No risk Unknown Unknown Unknown Dam Condition International and description index for Airport Board of the dam. dam Inundation zones unavailable. West No, Good TX05216 Bisbee Tarrant Regional Yes EAP last Good 54 568 No risk Unknown Unknown Unknown Balancing Condition Water District updated index for Reservoir 01 /13/2011 dam Dam White Lake No, Fair TX00783 Fort Worth Catholic Diocese Yes EAP last Fair 33 294 No risk Unknown Unknown Unknown Dam Condition of Fort Worth, updated index for Nolan High School 03/08/2019 dam Willow No, Good TX04796 Fort Worth City of Fort Worth Yes EAP last Good 11 76 No risk Unknown Unknown Unknown Creek Lake Condition updated index for Dam 12/20/2010 dam Woodland No, Fair TX05825 Pantego Woodland West Yes Identification Fair 13 69 No risk Unknown Unknown Unknown West Lake Condition Lake Association and description index for Dam of the dam. dam Inundation zones unavailable. Appendix C: Dam Profile Information 251 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN EXTENT SUMMARY According to the TCEQ report data, the following key findings were identified. • Forty state -regulated dams in Tarrant County are rated as "high hazard" and four as "significant hazard." • Twenty-nine of the 40 high -hazard dams and all four of the significant -hazard dams have emergency action plans (EAPs). One high hazard dam listed was identified as not requiring an EAP. Twenty-five percent of high hazard dams in Tarrant County lack an EAP. • Of all high hazard dams with EAPs, two, the Arlington Southwest Nature Preserve Dam in Arlington and the Bal Lake Dam in Fort Worth, are considered high -hazard potential dams. The dams meet all criteria for HHPD, including high hazard, having an EAP, and being in Poor or Unsatisfactory condition. • One dam, Lake Mb3, lacks an EAP to be eligible for HHPD eligibility, but is high hazard and in Poor condition. Figure 99 provides the location of the high and significant dams within Tarrant County for High and Significant hazard classified dams. 252 Appendix C: Dam Profile Information TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN o st�e rw Haslet Southlake Keller Grapevine .y Azle ❑n 9 O Colleyville • Saginaw W auga Blue Mound North Euless • GRichland Hills Adford takesi�fe I_Take • • r Worth Richland Hurst (� Haltom City Hills • River oaks Westworthp O �Viliagek O Arlington n D Fort Worth • O d • •Pantxegxo O • Dalwokth ni gton • Gardens Benbrook p 0 ~' Edgecliff Forest Hill 0 ennedale 0 Everman 0 Mansfield Crowley • Legend Condition Dam Condition Ratings N • GOOD n Q FAIR N 0 POOR ©IEM GE4 Tarrant County °� Mi y x S.-: TCGIS,TCEQ Figure 99: Dam Condition Ratings for High and Significant Hazard Dams in Tarrant County145 Probability of Future Events Based on the FEMA Disaster Declarations Database, Tarrant County has received no designation for dam failure disaster declarations since the last plan update. In addition, the State has had no declarations for dam failure for Tarrant County. The 2023 Texas State Hazard Mitigation Plan states a relatively small number of historical dam failure events have been recorded in the state of Texas, though the risk of dam failure is monitored closely by "I TCEQ, Tarrant County Dam Report, 08/2025. Appendix C: Dam Profile Information 253 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN TCEQ and local emergency managers. Relying solely on historical events, the probability of a significant future event is low for Texas. However, high -risk areas across the state are experiencing increases in population and urban construction, increasing the overall risk from dam failure. The potential increases in future rainfall intensity and duration will directly lead to an additional pressure placed on dam systems during future flood events. Additionally, aging dams increase the possibility of dam failure and the risk of catastrophic flooding inside dam inundation zones. Probability of a dam failure event in Texas is considered "Occasional" or an event possible in the next five years."' Generai Vulnerability Assessment of Dams Complete dam failure can be triggered by heavy rainfall, earthquakes, and flooding. With several areas in the county increasing in population and infrastructure (both public and private), this could damage a significant amount of infrastructure, property values, and commerce disruption. VULNERABLE POPULATIONS The failure of dams can have devastating consequences on the population, leading to significant loss of life, displacement, and long-term socioeconomic impacts. When a dam fails, it can result in uncontrolled flooding, posing a grave threat to the safety and well-being of the population living in and downstream of the affected areas. One of the immediate impacts of dam failures is the risk of drowning and physical harm to individuals. The sudden release of a large volume of water can inundate communities, trapping people in their homes or forcing them to seek refuge on rooftops or higher ground. Swift -moving floodwaters can sweep away individuals, making rescue and evacuation efforts extremely challenging. Moreover, the failure of dams can lead to widespread displacement of the population. Residents in affected areas may be forced to evacuate their homes and seek temporary shelter in emergency facilities or with friends and relatives. Displacement disrupts lives, separates families, and strains the resources and capacities of hosting communities. It can also result in long-term homelessness and the need for extensive efforts to provide adequate housing and support for the affected population. In addition to the immediate physical risks, dam failures can have long-term socioeconomic impacts on the affected population. The loss of homes, businesses, and infrastructure disrupts local economies and livelihoods. Individuals may lose their jobs, and businesses may be unable to operate, leading to financial instability and hardship. The recovery and reconstruction process can be lengthy, causing prolonged economic disruptions and affecting the overall well-being of the population. 146 2023 Texas State Hazard Mitigation Plan, TDEM, https://txdem.sharepoi nt.com/sites/TDEM WebsiteFiles/Shared%20Docu ments/Forms/AlI Items.aspx?id=%2Fsites%2F TDEM WebsiteFiles%2FShared%20Documents%2FM itigation%2FState%20of%20Texas%20HMAP%20Update%20 %2D%2010%2E27%2E23%2Epdf&parent=%2Fsites%2FTDEMWebsiteFiles%2FShared%20Documents%2FMitigati on&p=true&ga=1. 254 Appendix C: Dam Profile Information TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Populations vulnerable to dam failure encompass various groups that face increased risks. One particular vulnerable group includes communities living downstream of dams or along the path of potential floodwaters caused by dam failure. These individuals and families are at a high risk of sudden, large- scale flooding if the structures fail to hold back the water effectively. Low-lying areas and floodplains are especially susceptible to the impacts of dam failures. These regions, often prone to flooding, face an elevated risk of inundation when structures in these areas fail. Consequently, populations residing in these areas are more vulnerable to the devastating consequences of such failures. The concentration of infrastructure, utilities, and a large number of residents in these areas increases the potential impact of dam failures. The risks include widespread flooding, damage to critical infrastructure, and the safety and well-being of a significant population. IMPACT ON COUNTY ASSETS If a dam were to fail in Tarrant County, the impact on county assets could be catastrophic. Floodwaters would likely inundate large areas downstream, severely damaging infrastructure such as roads, bridges, and public utilities. Critical facilities like hospitals, emergency services, and schools could be compromised, disrupting essential services. Residential and commercial properties in floodplains could face extensive damage, displacing residents and businesses and causing economic losses. Additionally, agricultural lands and natural habitats could be devastated, leading to long-term environmental and economic repercussions for the county. COMMUNITY LIFELINES Lifelines are the most fundamental services in the community that, when stabilized, enable all other aspects of society to function. Community lifelines are essential for the well-being of any community. They provide support and assistance to individuals who require help, especially during times of crisis. FEMA Community Lifelines are a critical component of emergency management in the United States. These lifelines are designed to address the essential needs of a community during and after a disaster. There are eight lifelines, each with its own focus and purpose (see Figure 100). Appendix C: Dam Profile Information 255 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN M 12 1 if 48 S of sty and Fvcd, Hydration, io �l th an c Encrgy Secunry Shelter Medea f13CWer& FAI) AKiM1 atEr 1raispartatlon M B� '-Oil'm:n,cui°rs Sy,lem Figure 100: Community Lifelines14' In the event of dam failure, there is a risk of failure in all eight of FEMA's Community Lifelines: safety and security; food, hydration, and shelter; health and medical; energy; transportation; hazardous materials; communications; and water systems. This can result in catastrophic loss of life and property. Flooded roads can be impassible, making it difficult for emergency services to reach affected communities. The infrastructure may also be damaged or washed away. Crops and livestock may be destroyed, and power outages can lead to a loss of energy -dependent structures and services. Also, clean drinking water may be scarce or unattainable, and storage of hazardous materials can be disrupted. HHPD Qualifying Dam Assessment Profiles EMERGENCY ACTION PLANS (EAPS) AND DATA GAPS During the planning process, Tarrant County made efforts to engage local dam owners and the Texas State Dam Safety Office to obtain available data related to dam risk and downstream impacts. While Emergency Action Plans (EAPs) existed for some regulated structures, most dams within the county did not have associated inundation maps or detailed breach modeling available for planning purposes. As a result, a data deficiency was identified, particularly regarding the extent and depth of potential inundation zones. The City of Arlington provided an inundation for Arlington Southwest Nature Preserve Dam, which supported the development of impact analysis for this plan. The Bal Lake Dam is privately owned, and the City of Fort Worth is in ongoing coordination with the owner to obtain data to support future plan updates. 147 Federal Emergency Management Agency, "Community Lifelines Implementation Toolkit 2.0," https://www.femagov/sites/default/files/2020-05/CommunityLifelinesToolkit2.0v2. 256 Appendix C: Dam Profile Information TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN While not qualifying for HHPD, it is critical to notate the implied risk present for a non -profiled high hazard dam with poor condition, the Lake Mb3 Dam. The TCEQ indicates that the dam lacks an EAP and did not have data available for evaluation. ARLINGTON SOUTHWEST NATURE PRESERVE DAM DESCRIPTION Figure 101: Sheri Capeheart Nature Preserve (City of Arlington) The Arlington Southwest Nature Preserve Dam is a 24.2 foot high earthen dam located within the Trinity River basin. It is a 24.2-foot-high earthen dam that was constructed in 1989 on an unnamed tributary of Village Creek. The dam is located within the Sheri Capehart Nature Preserve (shown in Figure 101).With a storage capacity of 69 acre-feet and a surface area of 4.5 acres, the dam serves recreational and water management purposes.148 It is maintained by the City of Arlington and regulated by the TCEQ. The dam has a poor condition rating and high hazard potential in a TCEQ Dam Safety report from 2025. An Emergency Action Plan (EAP) is in place for the dam and an inundation study has been done to estimate the potential impacts of a dam breach. Figure 102 provides an ariel view of the dam, per the breach analysis document.141 148 City of Arlington, "Sheri-Capehart Nature Preserve." Sheri Capehart Nature Preserve I City of Arlington, TX 149 Freese Nichols, "Arlington Southwest Preserve Dam TX07226 Hydrologic Assessment & Dam Breach Analysis" Appendix C: Dam Profile Information 257 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Figure 102: Aerial View of Arlington Southwest Nature Preserve Dam LOCATION The Arlington Southwest Nature Preserve Dam is located in Arlington, Texas, south of West Interstate 20, and near the Oakhill Park Addition Subdivision."' ��/�!■ How Dol- Forms- Resources- Careers News Calendar About- lul Location Address- PE N NSYLVAN IA AVE City: KENNEDALE G eoreference: 30768-1-3 Subdivision: OAKHILL PARK ADDITION Neighborhood Code: WOOL Latitude: 32.660193083 Longitude:-972224177112 TAD Map: 2084-360 MAPSCO: TAR-094W This map, content, and location of property is provided by Google Services. Figure 103: Arlington Southwest Nature Preserve Dam75' HISTORICAL EVENTS ELI While there has not been a failure to the Arlington Southwest Nature Preserve Dam, the City of Arlington has experienced dam incidents. A non -failure dam event occurred on October 29, 2018, at the Prestonwood Lake Dam (classified as Low Hazard by TCEQ and not profiled in this plan). The 150 Tarrant County, "Tarrant County Appraisal District' Interactive Map - Tarrant Appraisal District 151 Property Information - Tarrant Appraisal District 258 Appendix C: Dam Profile Information TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Association of State Dam Safety Officers describe the event as, "SPILLWAY FAILURE, SUBSEQUENTLY BREACHED TO AVOID A FAILURE." This event did not impact any residences or structures directly.152 DAM FAILURE IMPACT CALCULATION METHODOLOGY In coordination with the City of Arlington Office of Emergency Management, a hydrologic and hydraulic analysis of a dam failure scenario was provided to calculate potential damages and impacts to people and places within Tarrant County. The hydrologic study included analysis of the impacts of a Probable Maximum Flood or PMF. This analysis was done in accordance with guidelines provided through the "Hydrologic and Hydraulic Guidelines for Dams in Texas -January 2007." This data was analyzed against critical facilities and population data to calculate potential damages expected from a dam failure. DAM FAILURE POTENTIAL BREACH STUDY RESULTS Figure 104 provides an aerial view of the potential inundation area for a dam failure of the Arlington Southwest Nature Preserve Dam. Table 56 provides a description of the impacts to population and infrastructure. ARLINGTON SOUTHWEST NATURE PRESERVE DAM BREACH INUNDATION MAP LOCATION MAP ® ImpacleE rsasmna66 Im�ntlalnn ENe �-fi 0 C — F Anayris rzepol lades filr e dpetinent mraMrnsa W tl lnaingi iM meHptl6 ueeC b Wuekp iawxHean SEMe MO y users. gnn-v estaec_n era 1 efer >rgnTrcanVY �/A\I+Eon s9oim on rrupt 41 Figure 104: Aerial View of Arlington Southwest Preserve Nature Dam Failure Inundation Area153 152Association of State Dam Safety. Individual Incident I Association of State Dam Safety 153 Freese Nichols, "Arlington Southwest Preserve Dam TX07226 Hydrologic Assessment & Dam Breach Analysis." Appendix C: Dam Profile Information 259 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Table 56: Potential Impacts of Arlington Southwest Nature Preserve Dam Failure The hydrologic and hydraulic analysis conducted on the dam indicate that the potential impacts expected for a dam breach include three residences, and no critical facilities or infrastructure. A breach would impact three main rain crossings during the event. Each of these is shown with markers identifying the at - risk areas in Figure 104. SIGNIFICANT ECONOMIC, ENVIRONMENTAL, OR SOCIAL IMPACTS Due to its location and function, a failure of the Arlington Southwest Nature Preserve Dam would result in economic, environmental and social impacts to the community. Located near a residential subdivision, the expenses incurred by the three houses within the predicted inundation zone would cause an economic impact to the homeowners. Functioning as a nature preserve, the impact of a breach of the dam would also result in environmental impacts to animal and plant life within the area. Two threatened species (federally and state designated) that have migratory patterns that pass through Tarrant County both nest in areas along bodies of water. Information about the threatened species of birds is provided in Table 57. Table 57: Potential Environmental Dam Failure Impacts to Threatened Species in Tarrant County15' The dam also functions as a recreation center for the community. A dam breach would impact the sports and activities that the public enjoy at the preserve, creating a social impact. A prolonged loss of access would be expected during and after the event as the nature preserve is evacuated and then closed for repairs to the dam and recovery of the park. POTENTIAL CASCADING VULNERABILITY/IMPACTS Due to its location in a nature preserve with many of the characteristics of a wildland-urban interface, the risk for wildfire is amplified. In addition, public access to the dam also increases risk, as visitors could "I Texas Parks & Wildlife, "Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Species of Texas GIS Viewer". Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Species of Texas 260 Appendix C: Dam Profile Information TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN cause accidental or intentional ignitions within the park. A large uncontrolled fire could impede access to the dam during a cascading event. Seismic activity in Arlington is ranked as "Very Low" in Figure 35: Seismic Risk Level for Tarrant County and according to Figure 36: Historic Earthquake Epicenters in Tarrant County, the closest historical earthquake epicenter was a 1.0 magnitude event. BAL LAKE DAM DESCRIPTION Bal Lake Dam, located in Fort Worth, is a small, privately -owned earthfill structure. The dam was completed in 1961 and is 22 feet tall, 647 feet long and has a storage capacity of about 31 acre-feet. The dam has a high -hazard potential rating, and the TCEQ lists its condition as poor. Although privately owned, the dam is included in the 2019 City of Fort Worth Flood Response Plan.155 LOCATION The Bal Lake Dam is located in Fort Worth, Texas, east of TX-183/Southwest Blvd and near the Ridglea Hills, and Estates at Ridglea Hills subdivisions. A map view of the Bal Lake Dam location is shown in Figure 105. GL Hun1 ation Repair B itcoin Depot Q-Bilecin ATM 9,000+ATMs Natlonwltle y ¢ Marque aKinderCare 01 orde �are®Chlid Ca'e Childcare BOMBER o HEIGH�S `P o Dave0 P 3 a. Fa<`Jce^ ,ape a � j . �'i"w James Hinkle ArtQ 3 c°ao"epe >6 W°aesl°skRe RIDGLEA HILLS B,WM G b A'Lake `m0ad � �"q 3 Sumac Rtl 4 0 S acee ��9F - O 9 E ��o �+ 'or 4 a a L QProfessional Piano Care d`ea6 40 cal Lake Or Faith Lutheran C ureh,0 s w The Estates at �Jc Willis1, Q Ridglea Hills Culver Ave e4lve/q ye — N valhalla xd RIVER BEND RIDGLEA HILLS VILLAS i ADDITION 0�a RIVER WOOD Piacn st Google Maps , w 11 Mao deta—el G°°ule bnitdGlalea Terms Prlvaa Send Pr,d, Faedba- Figure 105: Bal Lake Dam Location 155 City of Fort Worth, 2019 City of Fort Worth Flood Response Plan. https:/https://www.fortworthtexasgov/files/assets/public/v/1 /tpw/documents/b9eeb289-8dfd-423f-9623-aa2l 6e7l 55fc.pdf/files/assets/public/v/1 /tpw/documents/b9eeb289-8dfd-423f-9623-aa2l 6e7l 55fc.pdf Appendix C: Dam Profile Information 261 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN HISTORICAL EVENTS According to the Association of State Dam Safety Officers' Dam Incident Database, there has never been a recorded dam failure in Fort Worth.156 DAM FAILURE IMPACT While the City is in contact with the owner of the dam and contacted them for an EAP and data to support the development of a dam breach analysis, there is no data to be shared. This data deficiency impacts the ability to accurately predict the impacts of an event; however, the jurisdiction intends to continue coordination with the owner to provide more information during the next Tarrant County HMP event. Generically, by virtue of the TCEQ high hazard classification, the following impacts can be implied: Loss of life is expected as the designation qualifies that 3 or more habitable structures are likely to be impacted by the failure of the dam. In addition to an expected loss of life, the high classification is also associated with excessive economic loss and extensive damage to public facilities, agricultural, industrial, or commercial facilities, public utilities, main highways and railroads used as a major transportation system. More exact and detailed impact information can be ascertained upon successful collaboration and coordination with the private dam owner for information to support dam inundation analysis. SIGNIFICANT ECONOMIC, ENVIRONMENTAL OR SOCIAL IMPACTS The Bal Lake Dam is amid a significantly populated area. Due to its location near residences and arterial roads such as Southwest Boulevard (State Highway 183), a dam failure for Bal Lake would likely cause damage or access issues for residences, resulting in a social impact and possible economic impact to the homeowners. Further social impact is likely to occur due to the dam's location within one half mile of Ridglea Hills Elementary School, and within one tenth of a mile from the Faith Lutheran Church. While the failure may or may not result in damages to these two gathering places, the impacts of a breach would likely impact access to these two structures that host gatherings for the public for education and worship. According to the Faith Lutheran website,151 the location is also available for parties, meetings and special events, indicating additional social/economic impacts in those events are cancelled due to dam failure. While exact environmental impacts cannot be validated without an environmental assessment, the Texas Parks & Wildlife, "Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Species of Texas" GIS viewer indicates that Tarrant county is home to multiple state and/or Federally recognized designations as rare, threatened, or endangered species. 156 Association of State Dam Safety Officers," Dam Incident Database," Dam Incident Database Search I Association of State Dam Safety. 151 Faith Lutheran Church, "About page," Visit — Faith Lutheran Church. 262 Appendix C: Dam Profile Information TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Table 58: Potential Environmental Dam Failure Impacts to Threatened Species in Tarrant County'18 POTENTIAL CASCADING VULNERABILITY/IMPACTS The location of the Bal Lake dam is in an area identified by the Texas Wildfire Risk Explorer tool as a minimal fire risk, indicating a low vulnerability to wildfire impacting the dam.159 Seismic activity in Arlington is ranked as "Very Low" in Figure 35: Seismic Risk Level for Tarrant County and according to Figure 36: Historic Earthquake Epicenters in Tarrant County, the nearest historic epicenters have not exceeded a magnitude of 2.0. Conclusion/Summary The City of Arlington and Tarrant County would benefit from the mitigation of the Arlington Southwest Nature Preserve dam. Meeting all criteria, the dam may be eligible for HHPD funding and accessing those funds would provide for the actions needed to mitigate the poor condition of the dam. The City of Fort Worth and Tarrant County would benefit from continued coordination with the Bal Lake private dam owner in order to study impacts of inundation and provide the data for upcoming plan updates and opportunities for HHPD funding. TCEQ indicates that an EAP is on file and at the time of the hazard mitigation plan update, the City was awaiting submission of that document to their engineering office for analysis. The Lake Mb3 dam, while not eligible for HHPD funding due to a lack of EAP, necessitates the development of an EAP. Due to the high hazard and poor condition of the dam, immediate action to pursue an EAP and inundation impact data would support future updates to the hazard mitigation plan and potential application activities for accessing funding to mitigate the high risk. 158 Texas Parks & Wildlife, "Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Species of Texas GIS Viewer," Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Species of Texas. "I Texas A&M Forest Service, "Texas Wildfire Risk Explorer," TEXAS WRAP - Basic Viewer. Appendix C: Dam Profile Information 263 Appendix D: Adoptions TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Appendix D: Adoptions [Placeholder] Appendix D: Adoptions 265 No Text THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction Planning Process Point of Contact ......................... Annex Organization ................................................ Hazard Mitigation Action Plan (HazMAP) Adoption Chapter 2: Planning Process Development and Adoption Process Organizing the Planning Effort ......... Local Planning Team .................... Chapter 3: Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Changes in Development since 2020......................................... Community Profile...................................................................... Critical Infrastructure.................................................................. Natural Hazard Profiles.............................................................. Geographic Area Affected...................................................... Probability of Future Occurrence ............................................ Drought....................................................................................... Overview................................................................................. Summary Earthquake................................................................................. Overview................................................................................. Summary ExpansiveSoils.......................................................................... Overview................................................................................. Summary ExtremeHeat.............................................................................. Overview................................................................................. Summary 1 .......................................... 1 .......................................... 1 .......................................... 1 2 2 2 2 In .4 .4 .5 .6 .6 .7 .9 .9 .9 10 10 10 11 11 11 12 12 12 City of Southlake TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Flooding.............................................................................................................................................. Overview......................................................................................................................................... Flooding Associated with Dam Failure........................................................................................... Compliance with the National Flood Insurance Program............................................................... Thunderstorm..................................................................................................................................... Overview......................................................................................................................................... Summary......................................................................................................................................... Tornado.............................................................................................................................................. Overview......................................................................................................................................... Summary......................................................................................................................................... Wildfire................................................................................................................................................ Overview......................................................................................................................................... Summary......................................................................................................................................... WinterStorm....................................................................................................................................... Overview......................................................................................................................................... Summary......................................................................................................................................... HistoricalEvents................................................................................................................................. OverallVulnerability............................................................................................................................ Chapter 4: Capabilities Assessment Planning and Regulatory............................................................................. Administrative and Technical...................................................................... Financial...................................................................................................... Education and Outreach.............................................................................. Opportunities to Expand and/or Improve Capabilities ................................. Chapter 5: Mitigation Strategy MitigationGoals....................................................................................................... 2020 Action Items.................................................................................................... New Mitigation Action Items.................................................................................... Incorporating the Plan into Existing Planning Mechanisms .................................... Steps for Implementing This HazMAP into Local Plans ...................................... 13 13 14 14 19 19 19 20 20 20 21 21 21 22 22 22 23 23 24 24 26 27 28 30 31 31 31 39 45 45 City of Southlake TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Integration into Local Planning Mechanisms Continued Public Involvement List of Figures Figure 1: Low -Water Crossings in the City of Southlake List of Tables Table 1: the City of Southlake Local Planning Team Members for the 2025 HazMAP ................ Table 2: the City of Southlake Community Profile........................................................................ Table 3: Critical Assets in the City of Southlake........................................................................... Table 4: Ranking of Hazards for the City of Southlake................................................................. Table 5: Extent Scale for Natural Hazards.................................................................................... Table 6: Drought Hazard Profile for the City of Southlake............................................................ Table 7: Earthquake Hazard Profile for the City of Southlake...................................................... Table 8: Expansive Soils Hazard Profile for the City of Southlake............................................... Table 9: Extreme Heat Hazard Profile for the City of Southlake................................................... Table 10: Flooding Hazard Profile for the City of Southlake......................................................... Table 11: Data for the City of Southlake for the National Flood Insurance Program .................... Table 12: NFIP Floodplain Management Capabilities and Compliance ....................................... Table 13: Thunderstorm Hazard Profile for the City of Southlake................................................ Table 14 Tornado Hazard Profile for the City of Southlake.......................................................... Table 15: Wildfire Hazard Profile for the City of Southlake........................................................... Table 16: Winter Storm Hazard Profile for the City of Southlake.................................................. Table 17: Historical Events in the City of Southlake since 2019................................................... Table 18: Assessment of Planning and Regulatory Capabilities of the City of Southlake............ Table 19: Assessment of the Regulations and Ordinances Capabilities of the City of Southlake Table 20: Assessment of the Administrative Capabilities of the City of Southlake ....................... Table 21: Assessment of the Technical Capabilities of the City of Southlake .............................. Table 22: Assessment of the Financial Capabilities of the City of Southlake ............................... Table 23: Assessment of the Education and Outreach Capabilities of the City of Southlake ...... Table 24: Capabilities that the City of Southlake Could Expand or Improve ................................ Table 25: Status of Actions in the 2020 Plan of the City of Southlake......................................... Table 26: 2025 Mitigation Actions for the City of Southlake......................................................... Table 27: Types of Plans That the City of Southlake Can Use for Mitigation Actions .................. 45 ER 14 .. 3 .. 4 .. 5 .. 6 .. 7 .. 9 10 11 12 13 15 15 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 40 46 City of Southlake TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK City of Southlake TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Chapter 1: Introduction Planning Process Point of Contact The Emergency Management Coordinator was the point of contact for the City of Southlake during the Tarrant County Hazard Mitigation Action Plan (HazMAP) planning process. Annex Organization This annex has five chapters that satisfy the mitigation requirements in 44 CFR Part 201: • Chapter 1: Introduction • Chapter 2: Planning Process • Chapter 3: Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment • Chapter 4: Capabilities Assessment • Chapter 5: Mitigation Strategy The information in this annex is for the City of Southlake alone. All pertinent information that is not identified in this annex is identified in the other sections of this HazMAP or in the respective annexes. Hazard Mitigation Action Plan (HazMAP) Adoption Once the Tarrant County HazMAP has received the designation "Approved Pending Local Adoption" from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the City of Southlake will take the HazMAP to City Council for final public comment and local adoption. A copy of the resolution will be inserted into the HazMAP and held on file at Tarrant County. City of Southlake TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Chapter 2: Planning Process (In compliance with 201.6(c)(1)) Development and Adoption Process To apply for federal aid for technical assistance and post -disaster funding, local jurisdictions must comply with Part 201.3 of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA 2000), implemented in the Code of Federal Regulations 44 CFR Part 201.6. Although the City of Southlake has historically implemented measures to reduce vulnerability to some hazards, the passage of DMA 2000 helped City officials recognize the benefits of a long-term approach to hazard mitigation. This approach is achieved by gradually decreasing hazard -associated impacts by implementing a hazard mitigation action plan (HazMAP). The City's involvement in the Tarrant County HazMAP represents the collective efforts of the Hazard Mitigation Planning Team (HMPT), participating Local Planning Teams (LPTs), the public, and stakeholders. The City developed this annex in accordance with Part 201.6(c)(5) of DMA 2000. The HazMAP and this annex identify hazards and mechanisms to minimize damage associated with these hazards. Organizing the Planning Effort A comprehensive approach was taken to develop the HazMAP. An open involvement process was established for the public and all stakeholders, allowing everyone to be involved in the planning process and express their views. The public meeting was advertised with notices in the local newsletter and on social media. Two teams worked simultaneously on this Tarrant County HazMAP: 1. Hazard Mitigation Planning Team (HMPT): This team consisted of points of contact from each participating jurisdiction. The HMPT met to discuss county -wide topics, including hazards and mitigation strategies. The points of contact were the leads of their LPT. 2. Local Planning Team (LPT): Each jurisdiction had an LPT that consisted of the Emergency Management Coordinator for that jurisdiction and designated representatives from that jurisdiction. This team met to assess the jurisdiction's capabilities, hazards, and mitigation strategies. Local Planning Team This annex to the Tarrant County HazMAP was developed by the City of Southlake's LPT. The City's Emergency Management Coordinator led the LPT's efforts. The LPT was assembled in 2024 with representatives from the City of Southlake. IEM International, Inc., acted as the plan development consultant, providing hazard mitigation planning services. 2 City of Southlake TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Table 1: the City of Southlake Local Planning Team Members for the 2025 HazMAP Jurisdiction A. Position Role in the Local Planning Organization City of Fire Department Fire Chief/ General oversight, hazard Southlake Emergency Management identification, and plan Coordinator development City of Public Works Executive Director Hazard identification and plan Southlake Department development City of Public Works City Engineer Hazard identification and plan Southlake Department development City of Public Works Field Operations Manager Hazard identification and plan Southlake Department development City of Southlake TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Chapter 3: Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (In compliance with 201.6(c)(2)(i), 201.6(c)(2)(ii), 201.6(c)(2)(11)(A), 201.6(c)(2)(11)(B), 201.6(c)(2)(ii)(C), 201.6(c)(2)(iii), and 201.6(c)(3)(ii)) The following information helped the City of Southlake determine and prioritize mitigation action items to reduce losses from identified hazards. Changes in Development since 2020 (In compliance with 201.6(d)(3)) New development in hazard -prone areas: • There has been no development in hazard -prone areas since 2020. Mitigation actions implemented to reduce risk or adopted codes to protect future development: • Codes have been adopted regularly, and the city is under the 2021 International Fire Code (IFC) and International Building Code (IBC). A full list of completed mitigation action items is in Chapter 5. Community Profile The following sections present the community profile, vulnerable facilities in the jurisdiction, and the critical facilities and infrastructure that are exposed to the identified hazards and can be impacted. This information was gathered from the United States Census and the City of Southlake. Table 2: the City of Southlake Community Profile' Metric Population Information 31265 Persons 65 years and over 13.2% Median Household Income $250,000 Persons in Poverty 2.0% Disabled Population 7.0% Persons without health insurance coverage 2.3% ' Quick Facts from the U.S. Census Bureau, "Southlake City, Texas." https://www.census.gov/g u ickfacts/fact/table/south lakecitytexas, US 4 City of Southlake TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Critical Infrastructure Critical infrastructure is the assets that a community considers vital to public health and safety. The City of Southlake has identified 28 critical and vulnerable facilities, which are listed in Table 3. Some or all of these facilities are in the hazard areas identified in the City of Southlake. These assets include a City building valued at $15.2 million, a hospital valued at $10.3 million, and school facilities valued at $284 million. In addition, two nursing facilities are valued at $16.3 million, and there are several major employers in the city. Table 3: Critical Assets in the City of Southlake AddressFacility/Asset Name or Description and Southlake Town Hall Administration Southlake Department of Public Safety (DPS) HQ Fire/Rescue/Law Enforcement Southlake DPS West Fire/Rescue/Law Enforcement Southlake DPS North Fire/Rescue/Law Enforcement Southlake Public Works Operations Utilities Harris Methodist Southlake Hospital Sabre Holdings Major Employer Verizon Major Employer/Utilities Watermere Nursing Home Carlisle Nursing Home Carroll Senior High School School Carroll High School School Dawson Middle School Carroll Middle School School Eubanks Intermediate School School Durham Intermediate School School Walnut Grove Elementary School School Carroll Middle School School Eubanks Intermediate School School Durham Intermediate School School Walnut Grove Elementary School School Rockenbaugh Elementary School School Carroll Elementary School School Johnson Elementary School School Old Union Elementary School School City of Southlake 5 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Florence Elementary School School Clariden School I School Highland Meadow Montessori School I School Natural Hazard Profiles The City of Southlake's LPT ranked potential hazards in order of risk, with Tornado being the highest (see Table 4). Risk, for the purposes of hazard mitigation planning, is the potential for damage or loss created by the interaction of natural hazards with community assets. If a natural hazard could not impact the City of Southlake, not applicable (NA) is used as its rank, and its reasoning is noted in the hazard profile section of this chapter. Table 4: Ranking of Hazards for the City of Southlake Rank of Risk Tornado Score 1 Geographic Area Affected Extensive .... Future Occurrence Occasional Probable Medium Flooding 2 Limited Occasional Medium Thunderstorms (includes hail, wind, lightning) 3 Extensive Highly Likely Major Extreme Heat 4 Extensive Highly Likely Minor Drought 5 Extensive Highly Likely Medium Winter Storms 6 Extensive Occasional Minor Wildfire 7 Negligible Occasional Minor Expansive Soils 8 Negligible Unlikely Minor Earthquake 9 Negligible Unlikely Minor The following terms are used to describe the geographic area affected, the probability of future occurrence, and the maximum probable extent. C3eogl"annlc: ArPA AttectPc7 • Negligible: Less than 10 percent of the planning area (the entire City of Southlake). • Limited: 10 to 25 percent of the planning area. • Significant: 25 to 75 percent of the planning area. • Extensive: 75 to 100 percent of the planning area. 6 City of Southlake TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Probability of Future Occurrence • Unlikely: Event possible in the next 10 years. • Occasional: Event possible in the next 5 years. • Likely: Event probable in the next 3 years. • Highly Likely: Event probable in the next year. MAXIMUM PROBABLE EXTENT (Magnitude/Strength of Hazard using the extent scale in Table 5) • Minor: Limited classification on scientific scale, slow speed of onset, or short duration of event. • Medium: Moderate classification on scientific scale, moderate speed of onset, or moderate duration of event. • Major: Severe classification on scientific scale, fast speed of/immediate onset or long duration of event. Table 5: Extent Scale for Natural Hazards Hazard Minor Medium Major Drought Presence -Sensing Device PDSI -2.00 to -2.99 PDSI -3.00 to -5.00 Initiation (PDSI) -1.99 to 1.99+ Earthquake Mercalli Scale: I—V; Mercalli Scale: VI—VII; Mercalli Scale: VIII—XII; Richter Scale: 0-4.8 Richter Scale: 4.9-6.1 Richter Scale: 6.2-8.1+ Expansive El Expansion Potential: El Expansion Potential: El Expansion Potential: Soils 21-50 (Low); 51-90 (Medium) 91-130 (High) 0-21(Very Low) >130 (Very High) Flooding Outside of 100-yr and 500-yr flood zone, Zone X 100-yr flood zone, Zone AE 500-yr flood zones, Zone A, AE, X Extreme Heat Heat Index: 80°F-105°F Heat Index: 105°F-129°F Heat Index: >130°F Thunderstorm Hail: HO—H4, 5-40mm; Hail: H5—H6, 30-60mm; Hail: 1-17-1-110, 50—>100mm; Wind Force: 0-3; Wind Force: 4-6; Wind Force: 8-12; Knots: <1-10 Knots: 11-27; Knots: 28-64+ lightning activity level LAL: 3-4 LAL: 5-6; (LAL): 1-2 Tornado EFO EF1—EF2 EF3—EF5 Wildfire Keetch-Byram Drought KBDI: 200-400 KBDI: 600-800 Index (KBDI): 0-200 Winter Temperature: 40°F to Temperature: 30°F to Temperature: 15°F to Storms 35°F 45°F; -20°F; Wind chill 360F to 17°F Wind chill 25°F to -4°F Wind chill 7°F to -98°F The full description of each of these hazards is in Section 3 of this HazMAP. City of Southlake 7 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN LOCATION Drought, earthquakes, expansive soils, extreme heat, thunderstorms, tornadoes, and winter storms do not have geographic boundaries and can impact the entire county, including all participating jurisdictions. Wildfires can be expected to threaten rural and urban jurisdictions with undeveloped land. Flooding is a severe threat to jurisdictions containing 100-year floodplains or bodies of water. The following hazards are listed in alphabetical order and describe the location and extent of each hazard, details of previous occurrences, probability data on future events, and vulnerability to each hazard. City of Southlake TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Drought Overview The City of Southlake purchases over 99% of its water from the City of Fort Worth. The city uses less than one million gallons annually (less than 1 %) from the groundwater supply wells. The groundwater supply is the Trinity Aquifer, which is monitored by the Northern Trinity Groundwater Conservation District. The City of Southlake has water restrictions on commercial and residential irrigation, limiting the number of days per week and the hours of the day. If conditions worsen, contingency plans are being made to further reduce residential and commercial irrigation. Table 6: Drought Hazard Profile for the City of Southlake Category.. Risk Ranking 5 Geographic Area Affected Extensive Probability of Future Occurrence Highly Likely Maximum Probable Extent Medium Potential Impact • Property damage • Loss of water supply • Increase of grassfire potential and intensity • Negative impact on citizens, including water restrictions and lack of drinkable water supply • Impact on car washes, parks, and pools Vulnerabilities All populations, economy, structures, improved property, critical facilities and infrastructure, and the natural environment are exposed to this hazard. There could be $50,000 of potential damage to vulnerable structures, according to the National Climatic Data Center for Tarrant County and central appraisal district values. Summary The City of Southlake has experienced several droughts, leading to water shortages and conservation efforts. The City has implemented various water -saving measures, such as promoting xeriscaping and encouraging residents to limit their water use. The local government has also been working on long-term solutions to address the impact of droughts, including exploring alternative water sources and improving water infrastructure. City of Southlake 9 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Earthquake Overview The City of Southlake is in a region considered to have a low to moderate risk of earthquakes. Although the area is not known for frequent seismic activity, it is important to note that Texas does experience occasional earthquakes, although they are generally of low magnitude. Table 7: Earthquake Hazard Profile for the City of Southlake Category.. Risk Ranking g Geographic Area Affected Negligible Probability of Future Occurrence Unlikely Maximum Probable Extent Minor Potential Impact • Injury or death • Property and infrastructure damage • Water contamination or loss from broken pipes • Transportation and communication disruption or damage • Increase in traffic accidents • Building collapse • Natural gas leak Displaced residents • Power outages • Damage to the environment, including protected species and critical habitats Vulnerabilities All populations, economy, structures, improved property, critical facilities and infrastructure, and the natural environment are exposed to this hazard, though impacts are undetermined due the lack of historical data. A catastrophic loss estimate for City facilities is valued at $22.2 million, which is estimated from building inspections. Summary An earthquake in the City of Southlake could have significant impacts; the ground shaking can cause liquefaction in areas with loose, water -saturated soils, leading to sinking or tilting buildings and infrastructure. Bridges and roads could also be susceptible to damage, especially if they are not designed to withstand seismic activity. 10 City of Southlake TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Expansive Soils Overview Due to their high clay content, expansive soils in Southlake are a significant concern. These soils can expand and contract significantly in response to changes in moisture levels, leading to issues, such as foundation instability, cracking in structures, and other forms of damage. The expansive nature of the soils poses a challenge for the construction and maintenance of infrastructure in the area. Table 8: Expansive Soils Hazard Profile for the City of Southlake Category.. Risk Ranking 8 Geographic Area Affected Negligible Probability of Future Occurrence Unlikely Maximum Probable Extent Minor Potential Impact • Property damage from foundation damage • Water contamination or loss from broken pipes • Building and infrastructure damage • Road damage • Transportation delays due to road condition • Damage to utility lines Vulnerabilities Because of the manner in which data for expansive soils are collected, the amount of damage in the city was unavailable. Expansive soils are a major consideration to all existing and future structures. Summary The presence of expansive soils in the City of Southlake poses significant risks to the community. These soils can lead to foundation damage, cracked walls, and other structural issues in homes and buildings due to their tendency to expand when they absorb water and shrink when they dry out. The effects on the community can be far-reaching, affecting property values, insurance coverage, infrastructure, and community development efforts. City of Southlake 11 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Extreme Heat Overview The City of Southlake has experienced an increase in extreme heat in recent years. This can be attributed to various factors, including climate change and the heat island effect. Climate change also plays a significant role in rising temperatures, leading to more frequent and intense heatwaves. The heat island effect, caused by human activity and infrastructure, further exacerbates the local temperatures. Table 9: Extreme Heat Hazard Profile for the City of Southlake Category.. Risk Ranking 4 Geographic Area Affected Extensive Probability of Future Occurrence Highly Likely Maximum Probable Extent Minor Potential Impact • Heatstroke or death. People should stay indoors to prevent heatstroke; elderly people who cannot afford air-conditioning are at greatest risk • Property damage • Loss of water supply • Increases grassfire potential and intensity • Impact on logistics • Power outages • Road buckling • Disruption in critical infrastructure operations • Vehicle engine failure Vulnerabilities Extreme heat poses a serious threat to any population. The elderly, homeless, and outdoor laborers should take proper precautions. People should stay indoors to prevent heatstroke; elderly people who cannot afford air-conditioning are at greatest risk. Summary Extreme heat in Southlake poses significant risks to the community. High temperatures can lead to health issues, including heat exhaustion and heatstroke, particularly among vulnerable populations, such as the elderly and young children. In addition, extreme heat can strain the local power grid and increase energy demands for cooling. Residents should take precautions during periods of extreme heat, such as staying hydrated, seeking out air-conditioned spaces, and being aware of the symptoms of heat -related illnesses. 12 City of Southlake TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Flooding Overview The City of Southlake is susceptible to flooding because of its proximity to Grapevine Lake and the potential for heavy rainfall. The city's low-lying areas and drainage systems also contribute to the risk of flooding. In addition, urbanization and increased resistant surfaces can exacerbate flooding by reducing the natural absorption of water. Table 10: Flooding Hazard Profile for the City of Southlake Category.. Risk Ranking 2 Geographic Area Affected Limited Probability of Future Occurrence Occasional Maximum Probable Extent Medium Potential Impact • Loss of electricity • Loss of, or contamination of, water supply • Loss of property • Structure and infrastructure damage — flooded structures and eroded roads • Displaced residents • Snakes migrate and mosquitoes increase • Fire — because of loss of water supply • Debris in transportation paths • Emergency response delays • Disruption of traffic can lead to impacts on the economy • Damage to the environment, including protected species and critical habitats Vulnerabilities Based on historical data, flooding has caused zero injuries and fatalities per year and is expected to have the same results in the future. Commuters and any buildings in a floodplain are considered most at risk. • Low -Water Crossings: A low-water crossing is a type of bridge when water flow is low. Under high - flow conditions, water runs over the roadway, precluding vehicular and pedestrian traffic. Southlake has several low-water crossings: Continental Blvd., Union Church Rd., East Dove Rd., North Carroll Ave., Highland St., Plantation Dr., North White Chapel Blvd., Dove Rd., and Shady Lane. Flooding could lead to extensive damage to homes, businesses, and public infrastructure. The disruption to daily life could include road closures, power outages, and limited access to essential services. In addition, residents may face safety hazards, such as fast-moving floodwaters, potential contamination of drinking water, and the need for evacuation. Low -Water Crossings are identified with yellow dots in Figure 1. City of Southlake 13 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN x o Trophy Club o a t3boJ')e J V� f'sef Rd Westlake m` Y d paA 11a+ Pkws 1 14 Y Dove R o Ana ��ud y� 6umep .n t — 4 � C a Dove Rd Q E Dove Rd o iii f Vaquero Club+ 9 eloT•I.i� � c ID E Highland 5t; n T „ 3 T T Y f IOrBi7Lrkd � > co ao4t S7tiaka[$Ivd Southlake C Sautlllake Bind f7 'y n I — � N Sky Creek unlan Church t�'r W Blvd ( E Cont;nental Blvd E ContineniB! 1814� . � I Golf Club 6'E-3r Cree;z Pkgo a Timarron Country CEula # ,,,slang Pr a7 0 Figure 1: Low -Water Crossings in the City of Southlake Flooding Associated with Dam Failure There are two dams monitored by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality within the City of Southlake. Information related to flooding risk associated with dams can be found in Appendix C of the Base Plan, titled Dam Profile Information. This profile data is being profiled together in a separate section for homeland security purposes. uompiiai iuj with the National Flood Insurance Program Participation in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) is based on a voluntary agreement between a community and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). For communities that adopt a floodplain management ordinance to reduce flood risks to new construction, federally backed flood insurance is made available to property owners in the community. Compliance with the NFIP, however, 14 City of Southlake TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN extends beyond mere participation in the program. The NFIP has three basic components: (1) floodplain identification and mapping risk, (2) responsible floodplain management, and (3) flood insurance. The City of Southlake participates in the NFIP and provides details about the community and its participation below. The following information was requested: Table 11: Data for the City of Southlake for the National Flood Insurance Program2 Category.. Community Identification Number 480612# Community Name City of Southlake County Tarrant County, Denton County Initial Flood Hazard Boundary Map Identified 02/15/74 Initial Flood Insurance Rate Map Identified 07/05/82 Current Effective Map Date 04/18/11 Regular -Emergency Date 07/05/82 The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) questions in Table 12 were answered to the best of the City of Southlake's ability. Table 12: NFIP Floodplain Management Capabilities and Compliance Floodplain Who is the Floodplain Manager? Is this their Director of Public Works, Secondary primary or secondary role? Does the Floodplain Manager have adequate Yes training and capacity for their role? If not, what else is needed? How does the community enforce its Yes, through code enforcement. Yes. floodplain rules? Does enforcement include monitoring compliance and acting to correct violations? When was the community's most recent N/A Community Assistance Visit (CAV)? Were any violations noted on the community's N/A most recent CAV? Is there an upcoming CAV? If no, is one No. No. needed? When was the most recent floodplain 02/15/1974 management ordinance adopted? Does your community participate in the No Community Rating System (CRS)? If so, describe the steps the community has taken to achieve the CRS goals. 2 http://www.fema.gov/cis/TX.html City of Southlake 15 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Floodplain Management Does the community's floodplain management N/A ordinance include any higher standards? If so, please list. Who is responsible for permitting? Public Works Department How does the community issue development A special floodplain permit is required for permits in the special flood hazard area constructing new developments in a floodplain. (SFHA)? Residents complete Floodplain Development Applications. Keep in mind that development in a FEMA-regulated floodplain may also require a separate submission to that agency. Does the community maintain elevation No certificates? Does the community track the number of Yes, there are currently 3 repetitive loss buildings in the special flood hazard area properties. (SFHA)? If yes, are there any trends? How many repetitive loss (RL) structures does 2/Residences. the community have? (List number and type of structure) How many severe repetitive loss (SRL) 0 structures does the community have? (List number and type of structure) Have any RL/SRL properties been mitigated No since the last plan update? Who is responsible for making substantial Building officials damage/substantial improvement determinations? How does the substantial damage/substantial After a disaster, the substantial damage and improvement process work in your improvement process typically begins with an community? assessment by local officials, usually from the building or planning department. They inspect properties to evaluate damage, often involving on - site evaluations and repair cost estimates. Is there sufficient staff and training to make Yes substantial damage/substantial improvement determinations? How are substantial damage/substantial Substantial damage and improvement improvement requirements messaged to the requirements are communicated to the public by public before and after an event? various methods both before and after an event. Before a disaster, local governments often run awareness campaigns that include informational workshops, brochures, and online resources to educate the community about risks and regulations. Community meetings and partnerships with local organizations also help spread awareness. After an event, communication shifts to emergency messaging, including press releases, hotlines, and door-to-door outreach, to inform residents about damage assessments and 16 City of Southlake TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Floodplain Management rebuilding requirements. Workshops and updated online resources provide further guidance, while collaboration with local builders ensures that they understand compliance standards. Overall, clear, accessible messaging is crucial for effective public understanding and community resilience. Have any substantially damaged/substantially 0 improved structures been mitigated since the last plan update? How will the community remain in compliance The community will remain in compliance with the with the NFIP moving forward? (Simply stating NFIP by implementing regular training for staff on "the community will continue to comply with floodplain management regulations, conducting the NFIP" will not meet FEMA's planning community outreach to educate residents about requirements.) flood risks, and ensuring that all new developments adhere to the latest building codes. In addition, Southlake will perform regular audits of its floodplain maps and update its policies as needed to align with NFIP guidelines. By actively engaging with FEMA and participating in relevant workshops, the City aims to maintain compliance and enhance the community's resilience to flooding. How many structures are exposed to flood At least 180 structures are at risk of flooding. risk in the community? Floodplain Mapping How does the community support map change Applicant/developer officially submits to FEMA requests? This could be requests during the during the development process. For CIP, this Risk MAP process or through Letters of Map occurs during the project design, and the City is Amendment or Revision. the applicant. When did the latest Flood Insurance Rate Map 2019 (FIRM) become effective? When was the latest FIRM adopted? 2019 Is the FIRM and Flood Insurance Study (FIS) Yes. Access through FEMA website, on request, report in an accessible location? How would walk-in. the public get access to their flood map information? Does the community use any Risk MAP No, the community does a full study. products? If so, describe. Does the community collect updated Yes, Yes floodplain data or modeling? Is this shared with partners and with FEMA? City of Southlake 17 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN ••• Insurance and Outreach of flood insurance, in and out of the sessions that are open to all residents, not just floodplain? those in the floodplain. The City collaborates with local organizations and agencies to host events that emphasize the importance of flood preparedness and insurance options. Engaging with the public in these ways helps ensure that everyone has access to the knowledge they need to make informed decisions about floodplain management and insurance. How does the community engage with The City of Southlake engages with insurance insurance agents on flood insurance? agents to enhance awareness and understanding of flood insurance options. This partnership helps agents stay informed about local floodplain issues, and it also empowers community members to make informed decisions regarding their flood insurance needs. Does the community (or state) have flood Yes hazard disclosure laws? How familiar is the public with their flood The public is becoming increasingly familiar with insurance options? their flood insurance options, thanks to our ongoing outreach efforts. We have hosted workshops, distributed informational materials, and collaborated with local organizations to raise awareness about the importance of flood insurance. In addition, we provide resources on our website and encourage residents to engage with insurance agents who specialize in flood policies. Overall, we are committed to ensuring that the community is well informed and equipped to make the best decisions regarding their flood insurance needs. How many properties have flood insurance in 112 the community? Are there any areas where flood insurance is No lacking? How many NFIP policies are in the Policies in force: 180 community? What is the total premium and Insurance in force: $61,612,500 coverage? Written premium in force: $80,052 How many claims have been paid in the Since 1978: Around 24 claims have been filed, but community? What is the total amount of paid 4 of the claims closed without payment. claims? $434,383.78 has been paid. The City of Southlake will continue to address the data gaps over the next five years and expand the NFIP program's capabilities by implementing NFIP-related mitigation actions identified in Chapter 5. 18 City of Southlake TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Thunderstorm Overview Thunderstorms are a frequent weather phenomenon in the City of Southlake, particularly during the spring and summer. These powerful storms often bring torrential downpours, strong gusts of wind, frequent lightning strikes, and, on occasion, hail. Table 13: Thunderstorm Hazard Profile for the City of Southlake Category.. Risk Ranking 3 Geographic Area Affected Extensive Probability of Future Occurrence Highly likely Maximum Probable Extent Major Potential Impact • Property damage to fences, vehicles, equipment, and roofs • Transportation delays • Injuries and deaths • Debris from trees and damaged property • Electrical grid problems • Communication problems — phone and internet lines down • Damage to the environment, including protected species and critical habitats Vulnerabilities Given the dynamic nature of thunderstorms, all populations, economy, structures, improved property, critical facilities and infrastructure, and the natural environment are exposed to this hazard. Summary Thunderstorms have a significant impact on the City of Southlake. These powerful storms often bring torrential downpours, leading to flash flooding in low-lying areas. The strong gusts of wind associated with thunderstorms can damage trees, power lines, and structures. In addition, frequent lightning strikes pose a risk of fires and electrical damage. Hail, though less common, can also damage vehicles and buildings. Overall, thunderstorms in this area can disrupt daily life, pose safety hazards, and necessitate preparedness measures from residents and local authorities. City of Southlake 19 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Tornado Overview The City of Southlake faces significant risks from tornadoes. The city is in an area prone to severe weather, including tornado formation. Tornadoes pose a serious threat to the safety and well-being of the residents, as they can cause widespread destruction to homes, buildings, and infrastructure. Table 14 Tornado Hazard Profile for the City of Southlake Category.. Risk Ranking 1 Geographic Area Affected Extensive Probability of Future Occurrence Occasional Maximum Probable Extent Medium Potential Impact • Injury or death • Power outage • Blocked roadways from trees and damaged property • Natural gas pipeline breaks — fire injuries, possible deaths • Transportation disruption Rerouting traffic • Loss of property • Structure and infrastructure damage • Displaced residents • Damage to the environment, including protected species and critical habitats Vulnerabilities All populations, economy, structures, improved property, critical facilities and infrastructure, and the natural environment are exposed to this hazard. Summary The risks associated with tornadoes in the City of Southlake include property damage, physical injury, and loss of life. Tornadoes can uproot trees, damage power lines, and create hazardous flying debris, posing significant dangers to anyone in their path. In addition, the high winds and intense force of tornadoes can lead to structural damage to homes and businesses, further endangering the community. 20 City of Southlake TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Wildfire Overview City parks are the greatest source of open space and pose the highest wildfire risk. The City of Southlake Parks Master Plan will provide a description of every park that is susceptible to wildfire. Table 15: Wildfire Hazard Profile for the City of Southlake Category.. Risk Ranking 7 Geographic Area Affected Negligible Probability of Future Occurrence Occasional Maximum Probable Extent Minor Potential Impact • Injury or death • Property and fence damage • Road closure • Traffic accidents • Loss of power — burning utility poles • Loss of property • Structure and infrastructure damage Displaced residents • Loss of resources • Damage to the environment, including protected species and critical habitats Vulnerabilities Given the dynamic nature of wildfires, all populations, economy, structures, improved property, critical facilities and infrastructure, and the natural environment near woods or grassy fields in the city are exposed to this hazard. Summary The City of Southlake is situated in an area with a low risk of wildfire, but the risk to the community could be significant in the event of one. The spread of wildfires could devastate the local ecology, infrastructure, and residents. The possibility of property damage, loss of homes, and disruption of essential services, such as power and water supply, could pose a significant threat to the community. In addition, the city's economy could suffer from the long-term effects of a wildfire. City of Southlake 21 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Winter Storm Overview Overpasses and bridges like those at Northwest Loop 820 and Highway 121/183 can be affected during winter storms. This can lead to minor traffic issues, as drivers may need to slow down to navigate iced - over bridges, potentially resulting in traffic accidents. These overpasses are crucial as they connect Northwest Tarrant County to Northwest Texas, so it is essential to be aware of potential impacts during winter weather. Table 16: Winter Storm Hazard Profile for the City of Southlake Category.. Risk Ranking 6 Geographic Area Affected Extensive Probability of Future Occurrence Occasional Maximum Probable Extent Minor Potential Impact • Structural damage • Injuries or death • Power outages • Loss of ability to use roads for driving • Increased traffic accidents • Loss of heat • Stranded travelers/motels at full capacity • Tree debris create fuel load for fire hazard • Delayed emergency response time • Frozen/burst pipes leading to loss of water • Disruption of traffic • Impacts to the economy • Communication capabilities decrease Vulnerabilities Given the dynamic nature of winter storms, all populations, economy, structures, improved property, critical facilities and infrastructure, and the natural environment in the city are exposed to this hazard. Approximately 8.9% of the population is 65 years old or older, and approximately 2.5 % lives below the poverty line. Although winter storms pose a serious threat to any population, issues with mobility and financial resources could make it difficult for these individuals to seek shelter ahead of such a threat or to relocate to adequate shelter once a winter storm occurs. Summary Mainly, commuter traffic is impacted for a few hours or as much as 24 hours, as the resources to sand and treat roadways are readily available, and temperatures usually climb above freezing in a few hours. 22 City of Southlake TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Historical Events Table 17 lists the natural hazard events that occurred in the City of Southlake since the previous plan, according to the National Centers for Environmental Information. The material is organized by location and date. Table 17: Historical Events in the City of Southlake since 20193 Source: The National Center for Environmental Information. Overall Vulnerability The City of Southlake identified the following as its greatest vulnerability and concern: • The City of Southlake's greatest vulnerability continues to be severe weather. Public education and warning tools continue to be the primary strategy for mitigating and preparing for the effects of severe weather. 3 The National Center for Environmental Information," Storm Events Database." https://www.ncei.noaa.qov/products/natural-hazards City of Southlake 23 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Chapter 4: Capabilities Assessment (In compliance with 201.6(c)(3)) This capability assessment examines the City's ability to implement and manage a comprehensive mitigation strategy. The jurisdiction's strengths, weaknesses, and resources are identified to develop an effective HazMAP. The capabilities identified in this assessment were evaluated collectively to develop feasible recommendations to support the implementation of effective mitigation activities. To initiate this assessment, a questionnaire was distributed to the City of Southlake's LPT. It included questions regarding existing plans, policies, and regulations that contribute to or hinder the ability to implement hazard mitigation activities, including the following: planning and regulatory capabilities, administrative and technical capabilities, financial capabilities, and education and outreach capabilities. Planning and Regulatory Planning and regulatory capabilities are the plans, policies, codes, and ordinances that prevent and reduce the impacts of hazards. Table 18: Assessment of Planning and Regulatory Capabilities of the City of Southlake Plan Does it address..updated? How can the plan be used to implement When was it last updatedhazards? it be Comprehensive/ Yes Southlake's master plan can implement The plan has 12 Master Plan mitigation strategies by incorporating components, some of sustainable land use, promoting public which are subject to a transit and active transportation, enhancing regular review and green infrastructure, enforcing energy- update cycles as they efficient building codes, and integrating address growth and climate resilience measures. It also changing conditions. facilitates community engagement and Other components stakeholder collaboration, and it sets are less impacted by benchmarks for monitoring progress, development and are ensuring a cohesive approach to reducing updated only on an environmental impacts. as -needed basis. Capital Yes Used to implement mitigation actions by Updated 2024. Next Improvement Plan strategically allocating funding and Update in 2028. resources for projects that enhance resilience and reduce the risks associated with hazards. Economic No N/A N/A Development Plan Land Use Plan Yes The City of Southlake's emergency Updated in 2022. operations plan (EOP) helps implement Next update in 2027. mitigation actions by identifying risks, 24 City of Southlake TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Plan Does it hazards?address Howplan be • to implement mitigation actions? updated? When will be ••. • setting clear objectives, and coordinating resources. It integrates mitigation strategies into response and recovery efforts. Local Emergency No N/A N/A Operations Plan Stormwater No N/A N/A Management Plan Transportation No N/A N/A Plan Drainage Master No N/A N/A Plan Table 19: Assessment of the Regulations and Ordinances Capabilities of the City of Southlake Regulations and Does this regulation/ Is it adequately When was it last Ordinances ordinance effectively hazard administered and enforced? updated? updated?reduce next be Zoning Ordinance Y Y Updated 2017. Next update when amendment is needed. Subdivision Ordinance Y Y Updated 2017. Next update when amendment is needed. Floodplain Ordinance Y Y Updated as needed. Flood Insurance Rate Y Y Updated as needed. Maps Natural Hazard -Specific N N/A N/A Ordinance (e.g., stormwater, wildfire) Acquisition of land for Y Y Updated as needed. open space and public recreation uses Building Code Y Y Updated 2021. December 2024. Building Code N N N/A Effectiveness Grading Schedule (BGEGS) Score Fire Department ISO Y Y Updated 2024. Next Rating update 2028. City of Southlake 25 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Administrative and Technical Administrative and technical capabilities include staff and their skills. They also include tools that can help you carry out mitigation actions. If you do not have local staff, consider how state and regional partners can help. Table 20: Assessment of the Administrative Capabilities of the City of Southlake Administrative Capability.. In Place? (Y/N) Is staffing Is staff trained Is coordination between mitigation?agencies staff effective? Planning Y Y Y Y Commission Mitigation Planning Y Y Y Y Committee Maintenance Y Y Y Y programs to reduce risk (e.g., tree trimming, clearing drainage systems) Mutual Aid Y Y Y Y Agreements Chief Building Y Y Y Y Official Floodplain Y Y Y Y Administrator Emergency Manager Y Y Y Y Community Planner N N/A N/A N/A Civil Engineer Y Y Y Y GIS Coordinator Y Y Y Y Other: N N/A N/A N 26 City of Southlake TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Table 21: Assessment of the Technical Capabilities of the City of Southlake Capability...assess/mitigate In How has the assess/mitigate How can the capabilityTechnical Warning Y risk in the past? (Answer or N/A) Outdoor Warning Assess and mitigate future risks by providing Systems/ Siren System real-time alerts about imminent dangers, Services (e.g., helping communities respond quickly to Reverse 911, threats. Their effectiveness can be evaluated outdoor warning through regular testing and community signals) feedback, leading to improvements in warning protocols. By analyzing response times and outcomes, authorities can enhance siren systems and community preparedness, ultimately reducing risks in future emergencies. Hazard data and Y Hazard Vulnerability The City of Southlake's hazard vulnerability information Assessment assessment (HVA) helps assess and mitigate future risks by identifying potential hazards and evaluating vulnerabilities in populations and infrastructure. It prioritizes risks based on their likelihood and impact, guiding emergency planning and resource allocation. The assessment also enhances community preparedness through training and awareness initiatives, while informing policies aimed at reducing vulnerabilities. Grant writing Y Outside contractor N/A HAZUS analysis N N/A N/A Other N N/A N/A Financial Financial capabilities are the resources to fund mitigation actions. Talking about funding and financial capabilities is important to determine what kinds of projects are feasible given their cost. Mitigation actions such as outreach programs have lower costs and often use staff time and existing budgets. Other actions, such as earthquake retrofits, could require substantial funding from local, state, and federal partners. Partnerships, including those willing to donate land, supplies, cash, or in -kind matches, can be included. City of Southlake 27 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Table 22: Assessment of the Financial Capabilities of the City of Southlake Funding Resource In Place? Has this funding resource been past Could this resource be used to fund future mitigation. Can this be used as the local cost Capital Improvements Y . of activities? Y, stormwater Y grant? Y project (CIP) funding control Authority to levy taxes Y N Y N for specific purposes Fees for water, sewer, Y N N N gas, and/or electric services Impact fees for new N N/A N/A N/A Development Stormwater or N N/A N/A N/A Drainage utility fee The incurrence of debt N N/A N/A N/A through general obligation bonds and/or special tax bonds Incur debt through N N/A N/A N/A private activities Community N N/A N/A N/A Development Block Grant Other federal funding Y Y, emergency N/A N/A programs management performance grant State funding N N/A N/A N/A programs Education and Outreach Education and outreach capabilities are programs and methods that could communicate about and encourage risk reduction. A participant or a community -based partner may run these programs. Partners, especially those who work with underserved communities, can help identify additional education and outreach capabilities. 28 City of Southlake TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Table 23: Assessment of the Education and Outreach Capabilities of the City of Southlake Education and In Does this Notes Outreach Capability (Y/N) currently incorporate Community N hazard mitigation? Newsletter(s) Hazard Awareness Y Y StormReady communities are better prepared Campaigns (such as to save lives during severe weather events Firewise, Storm Ready, through advanced planning and education and Severe Weather awareness. To be officially StormReady, a Awareness Week, community must: School Programs) • Establish a 24-hour warning point and emergency operations center. • Have more than one way to receive severe weather warnings and forecasts to alert the public. • Create a system that monitors weather conditions locally • Promote the importance of public readiness through community seminars. • Develop a formal hazards plan, which includes training severe weather spotters and holding emergency exercises. Public Meetings/ N Events (Please Describe) Emergency N Management Listsery Local News N Distributing Hard N Copies of Notices Insurance Disclosures/ N Outreach Organizations that Y Y Citizens Academy, Citizens on Patrol, Fire Represent, Advocate Rehab. These groups are used for crowd for, or Interact with monitoring, traffic control, safety inspections, Underserved and and Department of Public Safety assistance. Vulnerable Communities Social Media (Please Y Describe) City of Southlake 29 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Opportunities to Expand and/or Improve Capabilities Actions that can expand and improve existing authorities, plans, policies, and resources for mitigation include budgeting for mitigation actions, passing policies and procedures for mitigation actions, adopting and implementing stricter mitigation regulations, approving mitigation updates, and making additions to existing plans as new needs are recognized. Table 24: Capabilities that the City of Southlake Could Expand or Improve Capability Opportunity to Expand and/or improve Planning and Regulations Conducting a comprehensive risk assessment to continue to improve vulnerable areas and enhance mitigation strategies. Administrative and Leveraging geographic information systems (GIS) and other Technical technologies to inform planning decisions and visualize risk areas. Financial Establishing specific funds to support mitigation projects, ensuring that consistent financial resources are available. Conducting thorough cost — benefit analyses for proposed mitigation actions to demonstrate their value and attract funding. Incorporating regular reviews of the budget to prioritize and allocate funds for mitigation activities. Actively seeking federal, state, and private grants dedicated to mitigation efforts, and creating a system to apply for these funds. Education and Outreach Facilitating community involvement in the planning process to gather input and foster support for mitigation initiatives. 30 City of Southlake TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Chapter 5: Mitigation Strategy (in compliance with 201.6(c)(3)(i), 201.6(c)(3)(i), 201.6(c)(3)(ii), 201.6(c)(3)(iv), 201.6(c)(3)(111), and 201.6(c)(4)(ii)) The mitigation strategy serves as the long-term blueprint for reducing the potential losses identified in the risk assessment. The Stafford Act directs local mitigation plans to describe hazard mitigation actions and establish a strategy to implement those actions.' Therefore, all other requirements for a local mitigation plan (or hazard mitigation action plan) lead to and support the mitigation strategy. Mitigation Goals Please consult Section 4 of the HazMAP, Mitigation Strategy, for all goals and objectives. 2020 Action Items The 2020 LPT determined the City of Southlake's action items in the 2020 Tarrant County HazMAP. Table 25 lists the action items from the 2020 plan and the status of each action. Table 25: Status of Actions in the 2020 Plan of the City of Southlake Addressed.. Flooding,Tornadoes, Hazardous Hazard, Infectious Disease Outbreak, Power Failure Enhance mass notification capabilities as appropriate, including new technology and automation. Participating Jurisdiction: City of Southlake Priority: 1 Estimated Cost: $24,180 Estimated Benefit: $145,080 Potential Funding Source(s): General fund, hazard mitigation grants Lead Agency/Department Responsible: Office of Emergency Management Implementation Schedule: 24 months Status: Ongoing City of Southlake 31 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Addressed Enhance outdoor warning siren system Drought, Earthquakes, Expansive Soils, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Thunderstorms, Tornadoes, Wildfires, Winter Storms,Hazard(s) ••Incident,National. • as necessary, including additional sirens and locations. Participating Jurisdiction: City of Southlake Priority: 2 Estimated Cost: $9,000 Estimated Benefit: $54,000 Potential Funding Source(s): General fund, hazard mitigation grants Lead Agency/Department Responsible: Office of Emergency Management Implementation Schedule: 24 months Status: Ongoing Addressed.. Flooding,... Hazardous Hazard, Infectious Disease Outbreak, Power Telecommunications. ilure Enhance the public presence and communication using Facebook, Twitter, and Nextdoor to promote mitigation strategies for the identified hazards and announce what the City has incorporated. Participating Jurisdiction: City of Southlake Priority: 3 Estimated Cost: $20,000 Estimated Benefit: $120,000 Potential Funding Source(s): General fund, hazard mitigation grants Lead Agency/Department Office of Emergency Management Responsible: Implementation Schedule: 24 months Status: Ongoing 32 City of Southlake TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Addressed Estimated Benefit: Flooding, Thunderstorms Tornadoes, Wildfires, Winter Storms,Hazard(s) ••Incident,• Hazard $19,680 Potential Funding Source(s): City budget Lead Agency/Department Responsible: North East Tarrant County Communications (NETCOM) Implementation Schedule: 24 months Status: Ongoing HazardousHazard(s) Addressed Flooding, Thunderstorms Tornadoes, Wildfires, Winter Hazard, Power Failure Obtain geographic information system (GIS) data on public, private, and residential infrastructure to identify critical and vulnerable facilities and mitigate damage from future hazards. Participating Jurisdiction: City of Southlake Priority: 5 Estimated Cost: $30,000 Estimated Benefit: $180,000 Potential Funding Source(s): General fund, hazard mitigation grants Lead Agency/Department Responsible: Planning and Development Services Department Implementation Schedule: 24 months Status: Ongoing Addressed Flooding Identify areas prone to flooding and mitigate, as appropriate, throughout the jurisdiction. Participating Jurisdiction: City of Southlake Priority: 6 Estimated Cost: $500,000 Estimated Benefit: $3,000,000 Potential Funding Source(s): General fund, hazard mitigation grants Lead Agency/Department Responsible: Office of Emergency Management, Public Works Department Implementation Schedule: 24 months Status: Ongoing City of Southlake 33 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Hazard(s) Addressed Drought, Earthquakes, Expansive Soils, Flooding, Thunderstorms,• .•• Implement most current building codes to protect against the identified hazards. Participating Jurisdiction: City of Southlake Priority: 7 Estimated Cost: $5,000 Estimated Benefit: $30,000 Potential Funding Source(s): General fund, hazard mitigation grants Lead Agency/Department Responsible: Planning and Development Services Department Implementation Schedule: 24 months Status: Ongoing Addressed.. Flooding,. -Tornadoes, Hazardous Hazard, Infectious Disease Outbreak, Power Telecommunications Failure Address hazards listed in this HazMAP in the Multi -Year Training and Exercise Plan. Participating Jurisdiction: City of Southlake Priority: 8 Estimated Cost: $300,000 Estimated Benefit: $1,800,000 Potential Funding Source(s): General fund, hazard mitigation grants Lead Agency/Department Responsible: Office of Emergency Management Implementation Schedule: 24 months Status: Ongoing Hazard(s) Addressed Drought, Earthquakes, Expansive Soils, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Thunderstorms, Tornadoes, Wildfires, Winter Storms, Hazardous Materials Incident, National Security Hazard, Infectious Disease Outbreak, Power Failure, Telecommunications Failure Review this HazMAP with internal and external partners. Participating • • of • Estimated • 1 Estimated Potential Funding Source(s): City funding for staff time Lead Agency/Department Office of Emergency Management 34 City of Southlake TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Storms,Hazard(s) Addressed Drought, Earthquakes, Expansive Soils, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Thunderstorms, Tornadoes, Wildfires, Winter ••Incident,National• Infectious Disease Outbreak, Power• • Enhance the annual Southlake Safety Fair including a discussion about mitigation techniques to the identified hazards. Participating Jurisdiction: City of Southlake Priority: 10 Estimated Cost: $5,000 Estimated Benefit: $30,000 Potential Funding Source(s): General fund, hazard mitigation grants Lead Agency/Department Responsible: Office of Emergency Management Implementation Schedule: 24 months Status: Ongoing Addressed Drought,.. Flooding,Tornadoes,.. Hazard, Infectious Disease Outbreak, Power Failure, Telecommunications Failure Develop a hazard vulnerability analysis based on land use and development trends in the city. Participating Jurisdiction: I City of Southlake Priority: 111 Estimated Cost: $5,000 Estimated Benefit: $30,000 Potential Funding Source(s): General fund, HMGP Lead Agency/Department Responsible: I Office of Emergency Management Implementation Schedule: 24 months Status: Ongoing City of Southlake 35 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Storms,Hazard(s) Addressed Drought, Earthquakes, Expansive Soils, Extreme Heat, Flooding, Thunderstorms, Tornadoes, Wildfires, Winter ••Incident,• Hazard, Infectious Disease Outbreak, Power Telecommunications Enhance public education (including information booths, public safety events, flyers, digital support tools, and training) to teach the public about mitigation techniques for the identified hazards. Participating Jurisdiction: City of Southlake Priority: 12 Estimated Cost: $40,000 Estimated Benefit: $2,400,000 Potential Funding Source(s): City general fund, hazard mitigation grants Lead Agency/Department Responsible: Office of Emergency Management Implementation Schedule: 24 months Status: Ongoing Addressed Flooding Schedule a Community Assistance Visit (CAV) by FEMA or a state agency on behalf of FEMA to ensure that the city is adequately enforcing its floodplain management regulations. Participating Jurisdiction: City of Southlake Priority: 13 Estimated Cost: $1,000 Estimated Benefit: $6,000 Potential Funding Source(s): City general fund, hazard mitigation grants Lead Agency/Department Responsible: Office of Emergency Management Implementation Schedule: 24 months Status: Ongoing AddressedFlooding Work with the floodplain administrator to create a document to track progress on repetitive loss and severe repetitive loss properties. Participating Jurisdiction: City of Southlake Priority: 14 Estimated Cost: $100 Estimated Benefit: $600 Potential Funding Source(s): City general fund, hazard mitigation grants Lead Agency/Department Responsible: Office of Emergency Management Implementation Schedule: 24 months Status: Ongoing 36 City of Southlake TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Conduct NFIP community workshops to provide information and incentives for property owners to acquire flood insurance. Participating Jurisdiction: City of Southlake Priority: 15 Estimated Cost: $500 Estimated Benefit: $3,000 Potential Funding Source(s): City general fund, hazard mitigation grants Lead Agency/Department Responsible: Office of Emergency Management Implementation Schedule: 124 months Status: I Ongoing Addressed Flooding Remove existing structures from flood -prone areas to minimize future flood losses by acquiring and demolishing or relocating structures from voluntary property owners and preserving land subject to repetitive flooding. Participating Jurisdiction: City of Southlake Priority: 16 Estimated Cost: $1,000,000 Estimated Benefit: $6,000,000 Potential Funding Source(s): City general fund, hazard mitigation grants Lead Agency/Department Responsible: Office of Emergency Management Implementation Schedule: 24 months Status: Ongoing Addressed Flooding Use bioengineered bank stabilization techniques and revetments along streams, creeks, rivers, and lakes to protect against flooding. Participating Jurisdiction: I City of Southlake Priority: 117 Estimated Cost: $1,000,000 Estimated Benefit: $6,000,000 Potential Funding Source(s): City general fund, hazard mitigation grants Lead Agency/Department Responsible: I Office of Emergency Management Implementation Schedule: 24 months Status: Ongoing City of Southlake 37 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN IncidentHazard(s) Addressed Earthquakes, Thunderstorms, Tornadoes, National Security Require construction of safe rooms in new schools,daycares, and nursing homes. Participating Jurisdiction: I City of Southlake Priority: 18 Estimated Cost: I $1,000,000 Estimated Benefit: $6,000,000 Potential Funding Source(s): City general fund, hazard mitigation grants Lead Agency/Department Responsible: Office of Emergency Management Implementation Schedule: 124 months Status: I Ongoing Addressed Promote the conservation of open space or wildland—urban interface zones to separate developed areas from high -hazard areas. Participating Jurisdiction: I City of Southlake Priority: 19 Estimated Cost: $100 Estimated Benefit: $600 Potential Funding Source(s): I City general fund, hazard mitigation grants Lead Agency/Department Responsible: I Office of Emergency Management Implementation Schedule: 24 months Status: Ongoing Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding, Thunderstorms, Tornadoes, Wildfires, Winter Storms To protect power lines from severe weather, bury overhead power lines, ensure ordinances for proper vegetation management practices, replace wood poles with steel or composite ones, and/or reinforce utility poles with guy wires. Participating Jurisdiction: I City of Southlake Priority: 20 Estimated Cost: $300,000,000 Estimated Benefit: $1,200,000,000 Potential Funding Source(s): I City general fund, hazard mitigation grants Lead Agency/Department Responsible: I Office of Emergency Management Implementation Schedule: 24 months Status: Ongoing 38 City of Southlake TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Addressed Drought,Earthquakes,.. Flooding, Thunderstorms,Tornadoes, Purchase and install generators for new and existing critical facilities to reduce the damage from power failure due to the identified hazards. Participating Jurisdiction: City of Southlake Priority: 21 Estimated Cost: $1,000,000 Estimated Benefit: $6,000,000 Potential Funding Source(s): City general fund, hazard mitigation grants Lead Agency/Department Responsible: Office of Emergency Management Implementation Schedule: 24 months Status: Ongoing New Mitigation Action Items The City of Southlake's LPT determined the action items for the 2025 HazMAP. These include mitigation actions that qualify for mitigation funding as well as enforcement, maintenance, and response actions that the City has identified as opportunities to increase its resilience to hazards. During the capabilities assessment and hazard analysis, previously impacted assets and populations were analyzed to determine the highest probability of damage and potential loss of life per hazard. As $1 spent in mitigation saves a community an average of $6 in recovery the LPT used these data to develop a cost —benefit analysis: Estimated Cost x 6 = Estimated Benefit. Projects with the greatest positive impact on community resilience, including life safety and property protection, will receive priority. Table 26 lists the action items for this HazMAP. 4 National Institute of Building Sciences, "Natural Hazard Mitigation Saves 2019 Report," https://www.nibs.org/files/pdfs/NIBS MMC MitigationSaves 2019.pdf City of Southlake 39 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Table 26: 2025 Mitigation Actions for the City of Southlake Mitigation Action Hazard(s) Addressed Priority Timelline Agency or Estimated Estimated Funding Department2025 Responsible Enhance Southlake's Severe Thunderstorms and 1 1 year Office of $2.6 M $15.6 M CCPD Fund Emergency Operations High Winds, Tornadoes, Emergency Center Flooding, Hail, Lightning, Management Winter Storms, Hazardous Materials Incidents, Wildfire, Extreme Temperatures, Expansive Soils, Drought, and Human -Made Disasters. Achieve accreditation for Severe Thunderstorms and 2 3 years Office of Unknown Unknown City budget the emergency High Winds, Tornadoes, Emergency and Hazard management Flooding, Hail, Lightning, Management Mitigation department. Winter Storms, Hazardous Grant Materials Incidents, Wildfire, Program Extreme Temperatures, (HMGP) Expansive Soils, Drought, and Human -Made Disasters. Enhance mass All hazards 3 24 Office of $24,180 $145,080 General fund, notification capabilities as months Emergency HMGP appropriate, including Management new technology and automation. Enhance outdoor All hazards 4 24 Office of $9,000 $54,000 General fund, warning siren system as months Emergency HMGP necessary, including Management additional sirens and locations. 40 City of Southlake TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 2025 Mitigation• • Addressed Priority Timeline Agency or • Estimated Funding •. Responsible • • Enhance the public All Hazards 5 24 Office of $20,000 $120,000 General fund, presence and months Emergency HMGP communication using Management Facebook, Twitter, and Nextdoor to promote mitigation strategies for the identified hazards and announce what the City has incorporated. Implement a Flooding, Thunderstorms 6 24 North East $3,280 $19,680 City budget multijurisdictional Tornadoes, Wildfires, Winter months Tarrant County Automatic Vehicle Storms, Hazardous Materials Communications Location (AVL) system Incident, National Security (NETCOM) for both police and fire Hazard from Colleyville, Keller, Southlake, and Westlake (NETCOM) to quickly locate vehicles. Obtain geographic All hazards 7 24 Planning and $30,000 $180,000 General fund, information system (GIS) months Development HMGP data on public, private, Services and residential Department infrastructure to identify critical and vulnerable facilities and mitigate damage from future hazards. Identify areas prone to Flooding 8 24 Office of $500,000 $3.0 M General fund, flooding and mitigate, as months Emergency HMGP appropriate, throughout Management, the jurisdiction. Public Works Department City of Southlake 41 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 2025 Mitigation• •(s) Addressed Priority Timeline Agencyor Estimated Estimated Funding Department Responsible Cost• Implement current Drought, Earthquakes, 9 24 Planning and $5,000 $30,000 General fund, building codes to protect Expansive Soils, Flooding, months Development HMGP against the identified Thunderstorms, Tornadoes Services hazards. Department Address hazards listed in All Hazards 10 24 Office of $300,000 $1.8 M General fund, this HazMAP in the Multi months Emergency HMGP Year Training and Management Exercise Plan. Review this HazMAP All Hazards 11 24 Office of $0 $0 General fund, with internal and external months Emergency HMGP partners. Management Enhance the annual All Hazards 12 24 Office of $5,000 $30,000 General fund, Southlake Safety Fair months Emergency HMGP including a discussion Management about techniques to mitigate the identified hazards. Develop a hazard All Hazards 13 24 Office of $5,000 $30,000 General fund, vulnerability analysis months Emergency HMGP based on land use and Management development trends in the city. Enhance public All Hazard 14 24 Office of $40,000 $2.4 M General fund, education (including months Emergency HMGP information booths, Management public safety events, flyers, digital support tools, and training) to teach the public about techniques to mitigate the identified hazards. 42 City of Southlake TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 2025 Mitigation• • Addressed Priority Timelline Agency or • Estimated Funding Department• esponsible • Schedule a Community Flooding 15 24 Office of $1,000 $6,000 General fund, Assistance Visit (CAV) by months Emergency HMGP FEMA or a state agency Management on behalf of FEMA to ensure that the city is adequately enforcing its floodplain management regulations. Work with the floodplain Flooding 16 24 Office of $100 $600 General fund, administrator to create a months Emergency HMGP document to track Management progress on repetitive loss and severe repetitive loss properties. Conduct NFIP Flooding 17 24 Office of $500 $3,000 General fund, community workshops to months Emergency HMGP provide information and Management incentives for property owners to acquire flood insurance. Remove existing Flooding 18 24 Office of $1,000,000 $6.0 M General fund, structures from flood- months Emergency HMGP prone areas to minimize Management future flood losses by acquiring and demolishing or relocating structures from voluntary property owners and preserving land subject to repetitive flooding. City of Southlake 43 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN 2025 Mitigation• •(s) Addressed Priority Timeline Agencyor • Estimated Funding Department• Responsible • Use bioengineered bank Flooding 19 24 Office of $1.0 M $6.0 M General fund, stabilization techniques months Emergency HMGP and revetments along Management streams, creeks, rivers, and lakes to protect against flooding. Require construction of Earthquakes, Thunderstorms, 20 24 Office of $1.0 M $6.0 M General fund, safe rooms in new Tornadoes, National Security months Emergency HMGP schools, daycares, and Incident Management nursing homes. Promote the conservation Wildfires 21 24 Office of $100 $600 General fund, of open space or months Emergency HMGP wildland—urban interface Management zones to separate developed areas from high -hazard areas. To protect power lines Flooding, Thunderstorms, 22 24 Office of $300 M $1.2 B General fund, from severe weather, Tornadoes, Wildfires, Winter months Emergency HMGP bury overhead power Storms Management lines, ensure ordinances for proper vegetation management practices, replace wood poles with steel or composite ones, and/or reinforce utility poles with guy wires. Purchase and install Drought, Earthquakes, 23 24 Office of $1.0 M $6.0 M General fund, generators for new and Expansive Soils, Extreme months Emergency HMGP existing critical facilities Heat, Flooding, Management to reduce the damage Thunderstorms, Tornadoes, from power failure due to Winter Storms the identified hazards. 44 City of Southlake TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN Incorporating the Plan into Existing Planning Mechanisms Based on Requirement 201.6(c)(4(ii) and the State of Texas Mitigation Plan, the vulnerability and capabilities assessments for the City were carefully reviewed and considered when developing the mitigation actions for this plan. The LPT will establish a process in which the mitigation strategy, goals, objectives, and actions outlined in this plan will be incorporated into the existing local planning strategies. Once the plan is adopted, the LPT will coordinate implementation with the responsible parties in the city and external stakeholders as needed. Steps for Implementing This HazMAP into Local Plans • Change is proposed by an elected official or other interested party. • The proposal is placed on the local agenda of the governing body. • The agenda is published at least 10 days in advance of the meeting at which it will be discussed, so members of the public have an opportunity to attend the discussion meeting. Publication may be made by posting the agenda on the City's website, in the City newsletter, or on a public bulletin board. • The proposal is discussed at the public meeting, including any comments by members of the public attendance. • The proposal is voted on by the governing body. • If the proposal is passed, the change is implemented by the appropriate local authority. Integration into Local Planning Mechanisms Incorporating the underlying principles of the HazMAP and its recommendations into other plans is a highly effective and low-cost way to expand their influence. All plan participants will use existing methods and programs to implement hazard mitigation actions where possible. As previously stated, mitigation is most successful when it is incorporated into the day-to-day functions and priorities of government and public service. This plan builds on the momentum developed through previous and related planning efforts and mitigation programs, and it recommends implementing actions, where possible, through these other program mechanisms. These existing mechanisms include: • Regularity Capabilities • Administrative Capabilities • Fiscal Capabilities The respective planning authorities will conduct implementation and incorporation into existing planning mechanisms through the routine actions of: • Monitoring other planning/program agendas; • Attending other planning/program meetings; City of Southlake 45 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN • Participating in other planning processes; and • Monitoring community budget meetings for other community program opportunities. The successful implementation of this mitigation strategy will require constant and vigilant review of existing plans and programs for coordination and multi -objective opportunities that promote a safe, sustainable community. Regular efforts should be made to monitor the progress of mitigation actions implemented through other planning mechanisms. Where appropriate, priority actions should be incorporated into HazMAP updates. Existing planning mechanisms in which the HazMAP will be integrated are listed in Table 27 Table 27: Types of Plans That the City of Southlake Can Use for Mitigation Actions of Plan DepartmentType Responsible .. Southlake Department of When reviewing plan, the leadership team will consult Comprehensive Planning this HazMAP to see which action items can be addressed Plan in the drought, stormwater, and sustainability annexes. Stormwater Public Works The plan development team will reference the HazMAP Management Department when updating this plan, in such areas as new Plan construction, erosion, and developments of stormwater interface. StormReady Office of Emergency The OEM will consult this HazMAP when developing the Community Management (OEM) public warning criteria for certification. Certification Although there are many possible benefits to integrating components of this HazMAP into other planning mechanisms, the LPT considers this HazMAP, including development and maintenance, to be the primary vehicle to ensure the implementation of local hazard mitigation actions. The City's Emergency Operations Plan will be updated in the next two years, as it is renewed every five years. Information from this HazMat will be integrated into the risk profile, public work actions, and cybersecurity actions. Continued Public Involvement Continued public involvement is imperative to the overall success of the plan's implementation. The update process provides an opportunity to solicit participation from new and existing stakeholders, publicize mitigation success stories, and seek additional public comment. The plan maintenance and update process will include continued public and stakeholder involvement and input through attendance at designated committee meetings, web postings, press releases to local media, and public hearings. PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT PROCESS FOR ANNUAL REVIEWS The public will be notified using the City website or any other publicly accessible social platform (e.g., local newspaper, Facebook, Twitter) well in advance of any public meetings or comment periods. 46 City of Southlake TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT IN FIVE-YEAR UPDATES When the LPT reconvenes for the five-year update, it will coordinate with all stakeholders participating in the planning process —including those who joined the committee since the planning process began —to update and revise the plan. In reconvening, the LPT will develop a plan for public involvement and will be responsible for disseminating information through various media channels detailing the plan update process. As part of this effort, public meetings will be held, and public comments will be solicited on the plan update draft. This completes the annex for the City of Southlake. For additional information, see Appendices A and B. City of Southlake 47 TARRANT COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION ACTION PLAN THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 48 City of Southlake