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Item 7 - Demonstration and PlansSIGN VARIANCE APPLICATION 1400 Main Street, Suite 310, Southlake, TX 76092 Phone: (817) 748-8215 Fax: (817) 748-8077 Revised January 2023 2 Demonstration Please demonstrate that the following conditions are applicable to the requested sign variance: 1.That a literal enforcement of the sign regulation will create an unnecessary hardship or practical difficulty on the applicant. 2.That the situation causing the unnecessary hardship or practical difficulty is unique to the affected property and is not self imposed. 3.That the variance will not injure and will be wholly compatible with the use and permitted development of adjacent properties. 4.That the variance will be in harmony with the spirit and purpose of the sign ordinance. See attached PDF. See attached PDF. See attached PDF. See attached PDF. Answers To Demonstrations That a literal enforcement of the sign regulation will create an unnecessary hardship or practical difficulty on the applicant: City sign criteria states that sign letters on the west elevation cannot exceed 16” in height. We are proposing to move the existing sign on the north elevation to the west elevation. Sign letter height of the existing sign is 24”. The west elevation sight lines from Nolen are severely impacted by the line of trees as shown on the west elevation drawing. Letter height of 24’ would not be seen easily, and 16” height letters as required by code would be even more difficult to read by passing traffic. Therefore, we are asking for a variance to allow the existing sign to be permitted, once moved to the west elevation. Additionally, it would appear to be a waste of money to dispose of a perfectly good sign and to manufacture and install a new one simply because of letter height notwithstanding respect for City code. The north elevation has a lease width of approximately 116’. According to sign criteria, our client would be allowed to have a sign of up to 75% of such width or some 87’. However, because the north elevation has a separate façade that does not align completely with the horizontal face of the building, signage is limited by City Code to 75% of the approximately 26’ width of this façade. This does limit Activate to a sign approximately 19.5’ in width, which looks small in relation to the building. We are asking for a variance to allow the sign to be moved up to 23’. While this is some 88% of the lease width of the existing façade, it is much smaller than 75% of the lease width which would usually apply. The sign on this elevation is also some 329’ from East Southlake Boulevard. Activate needs this sign to be as large as possible to maximize revenue, which ultimately is of beneflt to the City of Southlake. At the time this building was constructed, a State of Texas type emblem was placed at what would generally be the sign area of the north elevation. This has caused the existing sign “ACTIVATE” to be placed on the right side of the building, (looking outwards) which gives the business less exposure than if the sign was place high on the center façade. We are asking permission to remove the State of Texas Emblem so new signage can be placed on the appropriate façade. That the situation causing the unnecessary hardship or practical difficulty is unique to the affected property and not self-imposed. The hardship created by a line of trees that generally (perhaps not completely) block the west elevation from being seen by passing cars is not self-imposed. A sign with 24” high letters would help the situation an compared to City of Southlake sign criteria letters which would only reach 16” in height. The situation on the north elevation is generally caused by the existence of a State Emblem that was placed many years ago in the center of what should have been the appropriate sign area. This has caused the existing signage to be moved to the left of the building (looking toward the building) in a less visible position than if it was to be placed high on the center sign elevation. The sign cannot be placed there without moving the emblem. Given the above, we believe the situation on both elevations (north and west) is not self-imposed. That the variance will not injure and will be wholly compatible with the use and permitted development of adjacent properties. We believe the situations as described above, along with the new paint colors, will enhance the existing property, increasing traffic and cash fiow for all businesses in this center. We see no possibility that any other business in this development can be harmed in any way possible by allowing the requested Variance. That the variance will be in harmony with the spirit and purpose of the sign ordinance. The spirit and purpose of the sign ordinance is to make sure signage for all businesses in Southlake are “coordinated” with each other as closely as possible so the City itself can ultimately prosper. The sign ordinance creates a sense of “teamwork” throughout the City, which gives a clean unifled look to businesses and shopping centers that are all designed to be somewhat different from each other. We believe the proposed changes do work in harmony with the spirit and purpose of the existing codes. NARRATIVE We are requesting a variance regarding signage for the north and west elevations of the existing building that exceed City Code by either letter height or sign width. We are also asking for a variance to change the color of the building, unless the proposed colors do meet code. Given the north elevation distance from East Southlake Boulevard, and the fact that trees tend to block the view of the building from Nolen, we believe the reasons for asking for a variance are not unreasonable. Granting the variance will give the existing business greater visibility without changing the character of the shopping center. 1 of 1 Monday, June 30, 2025 at 10:43:21Monday, June 30, 2025 at 10:43:21Monday, June 30, 2025 at 10:43:21Monday, June 30, 2025 at 10:43:21    AM Eastern Daylight TimeAM Eastern Daylight TimeAM Eastern Daylight TimeAM Eastern Daylight Time Subject:Subject:Subject:Subject:Storefront Refresh - Activate Games Date:Date:Date:Date:Monday, June 30, 2025 at 10:15:49 AM Eastern Daylight Time From:From:From:From:Ben Anderson To:To:To:To:Fred Purvis CC:CC:CC:CC:Dylan Tighe Attachments:Attachments:Attachments:Attachments:Southlake - Exterior Refresh.pdf Hey Fred, Would you be able to sign off on the exterior design changes below? We are submitting designs to the city for review today to see if they will even allow us a variance for this work. Changes we are seeking from the city: Remove Lone Star  Add new larger sign to the center of the facade  Move existing sign to the side of the building  Refresh building and awnings with paint Please send back a signed/stamped copy of this PDF if you approve.  Thank you! -- Ben AndersonBen AndersonBen AndersonBen Anderson ActivateActivateActivateActivate 859-327-8215    activate.games    ben@activate.games   LL Approved - FEP 6/30/25 LL Approved - FEP 6/30/25 LL Approved - FEP 6/30/25 LL Approved - FEP 6/30/25 (Authorized Agent of the Owner) 6/30/25 Approved 6/30/25 Approved 6/30/25 LNS i5 SiGr% 2717 East Southial:ze Boulevard, Southlal:ze, Texas 76092 SALES@LNSSIGNS.com www.LNSSIGNS.com 972.790.8900 fax 972.790.8997 LNS SALES@LNSSIGNS.com www.LNSSIGNS.com 972.790.8900 fax 972-790.8997 11330 Luna Road Dallas, Texas 75229 DESIGNED FOR: Site Map Activate PROJECT LOCATION: J 2717 East Southlake Boulevard, r Southlake,Texas 76092 r• ; 1-M DATE: DRAWN BY: FILE SAVED AS: I. • SALESPERSON: Robert Hyman This Is an ongnsl d—ng,uaeied by LNS Signs, Irrc tnorern entl after relorretl b as LNS}IL is 1 submnetl for ywn parmnai use in cagy r mth the pnuscl bang plunnetl ro,you by LNS It ie mi to be slwwn Lo anyone aRsvte your i organ¢eliaa,,nIX is R to beossd ns nAuc . rnPxM or 11[nisd in erry feshnn Whekoaier.All 1,any pen of Ihie tlesgh IBaCapl fBp15lerea IretlemerXs)remain t1,s property 91 LNS t _ Copyright(lzOzs LNs signs Inc 1 TSCL 18510 f e UL#E342647 - NOTES: e 6-26-25 R1 Revised all pages. w 4 —J + ' 7 front Revise ` 3 L fanl elele vation. .L 7-18-25 R3 Revisions ►e � �. r�rs •,� L J //�� ELECTRICALTe BE U l_APPROMI I, O / North SN ALLNEE T 2 B43NE C STAXDA S ! 4 Unduwrtlers .- o Elevation Lape�e�Wtlellnc�' o� 'ELECTRIC SIGN �j + � ttoar LNJi Siynx Proolie reedy fir Your ]__P Th—A you for choosing LHS Sr •I' ,wel� CJSTOMERAPPROVAL DATE ALL SIGN MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS TO BE UL LISTED.LABELED ELECTRIC CIRCUIT WITHIN 6'OF SIGN,IF NON-EXISTANT TO BE PROVIDED BY OTHERS. LNS a SALES@LNSSIGNS.com www.LNSSIGNS.com 972.790.8900 fax 972-790.8997 S'V�AS 11330 Luna Road Dallas, Texas 75229 DESIGNED FOR: North Elev/Front Facade - Sq Ft: 30.875 116'-3' Lease Width This is to code Activate 26'-4' PROJECT LOCATION: 2717 East Southlake Boulevard, Southlake,Texas 76092 DATE: DRAWN BY: 6.26.25 ,1L /�GTI V/�Te J FILE SAVED AS: mT � SALESPERSON: Robert Hyman This Is an ong—I dN-ing,us,RW by LNS Signs, _ Irc IHorein end after relorretl b as LNS}IL is sub rywK 0 w h I e piolecl bet 9 Plun anetl k,Wu by LNS I It is riot to he sdwwn-pone outside your 0 _ ` rnpiod o[axhrnletl n erry fesh�wn Whekoaier.Al a aoy pen of this tlespn leeeapl feglsterea IrutlemerXs) 2;remain the plopeny 91 LNS Copyright� LNS Signs Inc TSCL 18510 UL#E342647 MO EN = _ NOTES: - 6-26-25 R1 Revised all pages. 7-11-25 R2 Revise front elevation. Proposed - Scale: 1116" = 1' * Existing Medallion to be Removed. 7 25 R3 Revisions Note: Awnings will be painted Sherwin-Willians 9176 Dress Blue - ELECTRICAL Tb BE 11 l_APPR OPEC L SXALL XEE T2 XEN E L.STANDARDS ©UndnrwNlers Lape�e�Wtle�Inch ELECTRIC SIGN NOUN voa LfSSig.yoR a r'Youp ! ytUI.MT,Cx5UE kL e.W.ux_OnRECT aM� d r v - -. n�r�a��..viu�ro�v am n°.oaniwrr ThanF you for choosing LHS S(gns? Existing - Scale: 1116" = 1' Note: The existing Red brick areas will be painted Sherwin-Williams 7076 Cyberspace. CUSTOMER APPROVAL m The rest of building including the awning arms and wall brackets will be painted Sherwin-Williams 7070 Site White- DATE ALL SIGN MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS TO BE UL LISTED.LABELED ELECTRIC CIRCUIT WITHIN 6'OF SIGN,IF NON-EXISTANT TO BE PROVIDED BY OTHERS. LNS a SALES@LNSSIGNS.com www.LNSSIGNS.com 972.790.8900 fax 972-790.8997 S'V�AS 11330 Luna Road Dallas, Texas 75229 DESIGNED FOR: North Elev/Front Facade - Channel Letter Detail This is to code Activate Square Footage: 19" x 234" 1 144 = 30.875 PROJECT LOCATION: 2717 East Southlake Boulevard, Southlake,Texas 76092 DATE: DRAWN BY: 234" (19'-1 6.26.25 JL FILE SAVED AS: SALESPERSON: 91, Robert Hyman LC Tnis issnongmaltlra�fg,ue Wby LNSSigns, Inc IHorein entl after renal u b as LNS}Ills r� a sub mnetl for ywn perSOnal use in canrrewgg Scale: J/O" �1' w 1.Xb m i 1, De�n9 panned outs u LNs I[;riot to ne 51wwn W anwne oaRsitle wur organ¢elicn,nor is R N beat Ih.reprotlucad, �pNb cr Nan�mlad m any rasnren wnalsmver.All 1,any pen of Ihis tlespn leaeapl fedisterea Iretlemerxs)Tenaein the property 91 LNS Capirlghl�1p25 LNS Signs Inc Scope of Work: Manufacture and Install One (1) Qty., White LED Front Lit & Back Lit Pan Channel Letters, TSCL 18510 Direct Mounted. Returns and Trim-cap to be Black with #7328 White Acrylic Faces with UL#E342647 3M #3635-222 Dual Color Painted to match PMS 648C Blue Vinyl Applied First Surface. NOTES: 6-26-25 R1 Revised all pages. 7-11-25 R2 Revise front elevation. Genera#Notes 7-18-25 R3 Revisions 'h Direct Mounted Channel Letters 1 3 All JL listed materials and components 2 1 1'Tdm�ap 3 4 2 3'x 040'Aluminum Returns 5 3 07328 Whae Aorylic Faces _ Primary Elechic 4 White LED units applied to Bach of Letters with Fein Tape,and Silicone 7 OldOtf switch rovii--owl 17 LED Wire to Power Supply 7 Remote Power Supply in Ul-Approved Box E LECTRICAL Tn3Mb C STANDYEDL SNdEL NEE T2A43NE L.ST0.XD AR08 ©UndnewNlen NOTE:Speu subjed to Jaige depending ou final sign defign choice. L8p0�d prlli IOC:`-' ELECTRIC SIGN voar LNi Siyne Proof is ruvxY for Your epProvel.� SIZ I.N TC ENSURE kL e.r ,WNi_CORRECT Vinyl Coll wpaeMfwwmrssEwnezns bEw ele.R »rc r�x.xw�i m�::r1n elin:�Px�ee oriel wi mon.x.yn :oprti. ��nr m r�..T�•rs aaz,�oieanu�.e�o.se - -. n�r�a��..viu�ro�v am n°.oaniwrr ThanF you for choosing LHS S(gns? 3M #3635-222 Dual Color Simulated Night View Painted to match PMS 648C Blue (Blue in Day, White at Night) CUSTOMERAPPROVAL DATE ALL SIGN MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS TO BE UL LISTED.LABELED ELECTRIC CIRCUIT WITHIN 6'OF SIGN,IF NOWEXISTANT TO BE PROVIDED BY OTHERS. LNS a SALES@LNSSIGNS.com www.LNSSIGNS.com 972.790.8900 fax 972-790.8997 S'V�AS 11330 Luna Road Dallas, Texas 75229 North Elev/Front Facade - Sq Ft: 40.6 Variance Request DESIGNED FOR: 116'-3" Lease Width Activate 26'-4" PROJECT LOCATION: 2717 East Southlake Boulevard, _ Southlake,Texas 76092 DATE: DRAWN BY: 6.26.25 ,1L FILE SAVED AS: mr � SALESPERSON: Robert Hyman This rs an ong—1 d—nit,uaeis➢by LNS Sgns, Irrc,lnorern entl after relorretl b as LNS}Il is submnptl forywo parmnal use h canr r 1 It OlhIOIS to. 9Lo anyorrene aR rtle"mi slww u' O organ¢elian,na is R b lellsdl,repmtlu . rnpbd or axh'letl in arty feshwn Whekoaiw.Al 1,any pen of Ihis tlesgn IBaDapl fBgrSrerea IretlemerXs)remain tha properly of LNS Capyrl9hl C2425 LNS Signs Inc TSCL 18510 UL#E342647 FNOTES: 7-18-25 5 R1 Revised all pages. -11-25 R2 Revise front elevation. Proposed - Scale: 1116" = 1' * Existing Medallion to be Removed. R3 Revisions Note: Awnings will be painted Sherwin-Willians 9176 Dress Blue lid - ELECTRICAL TO BE 11 l_APPR OYED 1 SMALL NEET2D23N E C STANDARDS ©UndnrwNlen Lape�e�Wtle�Inch - ■■■■ ELECTRIC SIGN voar't Z1U�'➢IMnei,yrCoxuSerniE k aL e.Wr'.uYxo u_reOPn RE CT r S nrpweMfwwmrserwnezns�ywvge!'e#Pew! »rc rrxexw�i log::rm.nir,:�y::Ree anal zn monr.x.yn �yl� ::prti. ��nr m:'x�.,r•rS aaz,�oi�anure�o.se [Th—A you for choosing LHS Srgns? Existing - Scale: 1116" = 1' Note: The existing Red brick areas will be painted Sherwin-Williams 7076 Cyberspace. CUSTOMER APPROVAL mMr� The rest of building including the awning arms and wall brackets will be painted Sherwin-Williams 7070 Site White. DATEALL SIGN MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS TO BE UL LISTED.LABELED ELECTRIC CIRCUIT WITHIN 6'OF SIGN,IF NON-EXISTANT TO BE PROVIDED BY OTHERS. LNS a SALES@LNSSIGNS.com www.LNSSIGNS.com 972.790.8900 fax 972-790.8997 S'V�AS 11330 Luna Road Dallas, Texas 75229 DESIGNED FOR: North Elev/Front Facade - Channel Letter Detail Variance Request Activate Square Footage: 21.187" x 276" 1 144 = 40.6 PROJECT LOCATION: 2717 East Southlake Boulevard, Southlake,Texas 76092 DATE: DRAWN BY: 276" (23'-0") 6.26.25 JL FILE SAVED AS: 22.187" SALESPERSON: L Robert Hyman This is an ongmal dN-ing,uaeiad by LNS Signs, Inc IHorein crib aver re u b as LNS}Ills r� a/O sub mnetl for ywn naluse permnal in canrrewgg Scale. eL -1 r wNh maa�eM��n9 pannatl mil wuur Lrvs It J is'wl to ne 51wwn to anwne oaRsitle wail orgen¢elicn.nu�5 Iha,r4.td e. �pNb nil a.n�mlad m any rasnren wnafsmver.al 1,any pen of Ihis tlespn leaeapl fadisterea Iretlemerxs)Tenaein trio property 91 LNS Cap2rlghl�1p25 LNS Signs Inc Scope of Work: Manufacture and Install One (1) Qty., White LED Front Lit & Back Lit Pan Channel Letters, TSCL 18510 Direct Mounted. Returns and Trim-cap to be Black with #7328 White Acrylic Faces with UL#E342647 3M #3635-222 Dual Color Painted to match PMS 648C Blue Vinyl Applied First Surface. NOTES: 6-26-25 R1 Revised all pages. 7-11-25 R2 Revise front elevation. Genera#Notes 7-18-25 R3 Revisions 'h Direct Mounted Channel Letters 1 3 All UL listed materials and components 2 1 r Tmm�p 4 2 Y x 040'Aluminum Retuns 5 1 3 #7326 While Acrylic Faces Primary Elechic 6 - —� 4 White LED units applied to Bad of Letters with Fein Tape,and Silicone 7 OldOtf SWdch 17 LED Wire to Power Supply . 7 Remote Po Supply in JI-Approved Sox ELECTRICAL Tn RE n l_APPROYEn 1 SNALL NEE T2D43NE C STANDARDS ©Lab enrNlnn NOTE.Speu Sa6jeLf to change depending ou final sign defign Lhdire. Lnpmd�Wlni IOW- ELECTRIC SIGN roar LNS Sig.yroora—0 fir Your vp—I! SIZ I.N TC ENSURE kL e.T ,kLCenRf CT Vinyl Color. wo.aMfwwmrssownszns�Ew .da.P »rc r�x.xw�i m�::r1n nlin:�px�ee unel ai mon.x.rn :oprti. ��nr m r�..T�•rs aaz,�oieanu�.e�o.se - -. n�r�a��..viu�ro�v am n°.oaniwrr ThanF you for choosing LHS S(gns? 3M #3635-222 Dual Color Simulated Night View Painted to match PMS 648C Blue (Blue in Day, White at Night) CUSTOMERAPPRIDVAL DATE ALL SIGN MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS TO BE UL LISTED.LABELED ELECTRIC CIRCUIT WITHIN 6'OF SIGN,IF NOWEXISTANT TO BE PROVIDED BY OTHERS. j �A LNS4111111, as SALES@LNSSIGNS.com www.LNSSIGNS.com 972.790.8900 fax 972-790.8997 11330 Luna Road Dallas, Texas 75229 DESIGNED FOR: West EIevISide Facade - Sq Ft: 42.73 Activate nn PROJECT LOCATION: $23—V�r Lease Width 2717 East Southlake Boulevard, Southlake,Texas 76092 51'41 DATE: DRAWN BY: 6-26-25 JL FILE SAVED AS: SALESPERSON: Robert Hyman --� _ I-i,(anon Ildaft1l m111u1 t,1 by LNS SNIns, Inc IHerein entl sitar mlarmtl to as LNS}Il is S�h"ti f01yW+pe1pl—CSC IAW by LNS wNh Ihop�ocl being plennvtl for you by LNS r Q or9sn¢el hahnena is N to beyusetl reprotlucetl, /-I� copxM or exhihRetl in any leshmn whalsmver.All VCY) ed�em..sI or It I 21hIN.eAy r[BNS I mina prapwly o . Copydgf,t 02025 LNS Si­hr Simulated TSCL 18510 ■OEM . ■■ ■ ■■ UL#E342647 mail NOTES: 6-26-25 R1 Revised all pages. 7-17-25 R2 Revise Proposed - Scale: 1116" = 1' front elevation. 7-18-25 R3 Revisions Nate: Awnings will be painted Sherwin-Willians 9176 Dress Blue 1 ELECTRICAL TO BE 11 l_APPR OVER L SNALL NFFM23N F C STANOARO a ©i undetwrilers Lape�e�Wtlet Inch - ELECTRIC SIGN generally block view from street _ _ yeur LNS Sig.Fmunsmafy fcr Y."vpm l! el zuuu«*^_ensu�rxlrurvrwx�h mrR¢c* View from Nolan Drive �..a....�,o�. •��" 6�' »rc rtx.xr�m w::ou alma E:rre un[I rn mon.rryn Th—A you for choosing LNS SignSI Note- The existing Red brick areas will be painted Sherwin-Williams 7076 Cyberspace. - - m- The rest of building including the awning arms and wall brackets will be painted Sherwin-Williams 7070 Site White- CUSTOMER APPROVAL m �rP DATE ALL SIGN MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS TO BE UL LISTED.LABELED ELECTRIC CIRCUIT WITHIN 6'OF SIGN,IF NOWEXISTANT TO BE PROVIDED BY OTHERS. LNS411111111, as SALES@LNSSIGNS.com www.LNSSIGNS.com 972.790.8900 fax 972-790.8997 11330 Luna Road Dallas, Texas 75229 DESIGNED FOR: West ElevISide Facade - Channel Letter Detail Activate Square Footage: 24" x 256.43" 1 144 = 42.73 PROJECT LOCATION: 2717 East Southlake Boulevard, Southlake,Texas 76092 256.43" DATE: DRAWN BY: 6.26.25 JL T FILE SAVED AS: 24" SALESPERSON: L Robert Hyman Thise,an ongmsl dr ng,ua W by LNS Signs, I- IHorern entl after relorretl b as LNS}Il is suborned fsrywo psrmnai use h cagr r wXh the pnusd being plunned ro,you by LNS Scale: 318" =1' s wl In be wwnroanyss nsstivyaur o�an�at�.na,bNbelle�n.1— =nr 11insd In any raSXren whalsoa,�w.al 1,any pen of this tlesgn Ibacepl fI LNSfLtl Scope of Work: Existing Front Elevation Sign to be Relocated to West Wall. copyrAint0 an° pre�Y°TENS Cd,yr,9ht P1pzs LNs signs Inc TSCL 18510 Specs: Fabricated Aluminum Channel Letters with 1" Black Trim-cap, .040" x 5" Black Returns, UL#E342647 .063" White Aluminum Backs, White Acrylic Faces with 3M #3635-222 Dual Color Painted to match NOTES: PMS 648C Blue, Hanley White LED Illumination, Fabricated Aluminum Raceway 8" x 239", 6-26-25 R1 Revised all pages. Painted Sherwin-Williams 7070 Site White. 7-17-25 R2 Revise front elevation. General notes 7-18-25 R3 Revisions Raceway Mounted Channel Letters 5" 4.5" All LIL listed materials and components Vinyl lyl Color:olor• � � 1 1"31ack Trim-cap 2 3 2 5"x.040"Black Aluminum Returns LimAillwilWyl 4 5 3 3116"#7328 White Acrylic Faces 4 White LED units applied to Back of Letters with Foam Tape,and Silicone 3M #3635-222 Dual Color 7 Primary Electric 5 Non-Corrosive Wall Anchors per Wall Conditions ELECTRICAL TO RE n l_APPROYEg 1 _. SXATRICAL TORE E L.STAX y A ReB Painted to match PMS 648C Blue s °nl°ttswitch ©pndpwrnna LapmaWr" Inch ELECTRIC SIGN (Blue in Day, White at Night) 8 7 LED Wire to Power Supply � yoar LNn Siyru Pnol is revdY fir Your ]­ 7- 99 8 Remote Power Supply in ULApproved Boxvgeemn 4,5"x 8"Aluminum Racewayas;" 'Lam�.1O ThanA you forchoosing LHS Sc10 114"Drain Notes at Bottom of Letters Min 2 Per Letter :7 11 11 .063"Aluminum Backs V "9" ��'� " CUSTOMERAPPROVAL� w` NOTE:Specs subject to change depending on final sign design choice. DATE ALL SIGN MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS TO BE UL LISTED.LABELED ELECTRIC CIRCUIT WITHIN 6'OF SIGN,IF NOWEXISTANT TO BE PROVIDED BY OTHERS.